Read to the end! This is written by an American black officer. People still deny there's racism in the US. They honestly need new glasses and perhaps new thinking cap as well. Perhaps they need a complete metaphorical makeover.
Starbucks.
Alleged events.
Two black males entered Starbucks to wait for a friend to arrive and did not order anything from the business. Prior to ordering and prior to their friend’s arrival, they decided to attempt to use the restroom. An employee denied the men access to the restroom because they had not purchased anything and asked them to leave. The men calmly refused and the employee called the police. The police arrived at the scene and asked the men to leave the facility. The men refused numerous times. The men were told that they would be arrested if they did not leave the restaurant. The men told the officers to arrest them. The men calmly stood up and allowed the officers to arrest them. They were transported to jail, when Starbucks contacted the police department and stated that they did not want to follow through with charges against the men. They were released.
Why did the police officers have to arrest them? Why didn’t the officers investigate further?
Any employee of a business has the right to ask a person to leave their business. If a person refuses to do so, it is trespassing, period. The modern-day purpose of that charge is to reduce physical conflicts, escalating situations and to protect patrons/employees. The number 1 reason why trespassing is important is because the mentally ill and homeless “camp out” inside of businesses scaring/employees and customers. I trained near downtown and I was frequently called to arrest the mentally ill/ homeless for trespassing. It isn’t to discriminate against them, but they cause disturbances. I removed a guy for clipping his toenails on a table. I removed a woman for bathing in the toilet. I removed a man for masturbating in a trash can next to a family with small children. We have a homeless/ mental illness problem in America and there is no real solution to the problem. Trespassing charges are the quickest way to remove them and the nuisances associated with their behavior.
If you have ever been to a parade or any other event, you know that business often post signs stating that no one can use the restroom unless they are paying customers. You can imagine the nuisances caused by hundreds of drunk people creating a line only to use the restroom, pushing actual customers away from a business. It has caused numerous fights and disturbances. Trespassing charges are the easiest way to get people to leave and go on with their day.
In this Starbucks situation, the police were called and an employee wanted the two men out of the store. When the police arrive, it is their job to arrest someone who refuses to leave after being asked to do so by the business. Period. It doesn’t matter if the men were correct or not. A business can ask someone to leave. This prevents escalation between patrons/ employees for the most part. If a patron has a separate civil issue with the company, they are free to file that complaint or seek justice in other methods. The officers did nothing wrong.
As an officer, I know that most officers hate arresting people for trespassing. In an officer’s heart, they are hoping that the person being asked to leave will be gone prior to arrival. Most officers are disappointed to see the person still at the location. Trespassing charges are way too much paperwork and take too long to process at jail considering the charge. It’s annoying, but needs to be done in some circumstances. The officers asked the men to leave several times hoping they would just leave. They refused and told the officers to take them to jail. The officers were forced to take them to jail. They were professional and did their jobs. This is a civil issue and the issue lies with Starbucks and not the officers.
Racism / Cognitive Bias
It is not my place to accuse the employee of being racist, as I don’t know her heart and I wasn’t there. Racism and cognitive biases towards black people are real. I experience it all the time. Both affect black people the same way, regardless of the intention of the person exhibiting that behavior. It is tiring.
The beauty of this incident occurring at Starbucks as opposed to any other restaurant is that Starbucks encourages and cultivates an environment of loitering. College students spend hours there studying without making a purchase. People go on first dates without spending a dime. Business meetings take place there without a dime being spent. Friends gather there to pass time while waiting to go to a concert. People go there to read books. People go there to hang out. Starbucks has less standing to try to enforce a strict bathroom rule because of the environment that it encourages among citizens.
Many people use the restroom before placing an order. I would never order anything prior to using the restroom. You might miss your name being called for your order. I don’t like leaving my food/beverages unattended while in the restroom. I will not take my food/ beverage in the bathroom.
There was nothing about those two men that should have made this employee think they were mentally ill/ homeless. There was nothing about these men that should have made this employee believe they were a threat. There was nothing about these men that should have made the employee believe they were at a parade and using the restroom without intentions of patronizing their business.
Opinion
I get numerous messages from white people who desire to understand why black people get so upset about situations like this and I will try to explain.
I’ve gone to jail to do an interview with a prisoner, wearing the proper credentials and I had a jail worker put their hand on my chest (and the badge allowing me access) telling me that I can’t enter the facility. I was with a white officer, who was not wearing the proper credentials and he was allowed to pass through. When the white officer saw that I had problems passing through security, he came back and told the security worker that I was an officer. I did everything I was supposed to do, but my credentials meant nothing because her racism/cognitive bias told her that most officers are white males and she decided in her mind that I couldn’t be an officer. What if I punched her for putting her hand on my chest? How would I be viewed? She never looked at my credentials. She only saw my hair and face. I needed my white co-worker to validate my existence.
I was talking on my phone in CVS getting ready to buy toiletries for a trip. I was being followed around the store by an elderly white woman. I ignored it and continued to speak on the phone. Suddenly, an officer was called to the store. I saw the officer, but I didn’t care because I am an officer and I just knew he wasn’t there for me. The officer walked up to me and asked what I was doing in the store. I told him I was shopping. He told me that a suspicious person call came out about me. I started laughing and began to look for the elderly white woman. I knew she called because these things happen to me more than they should. She was peeking around a shelf to see what would happen. I knew she called the police. As he began to ask for my name to check and see if I had warrants, I showed him my badge. He stopped gathering my information. The officer was very professional. It wasn’t his fault that he was called there. If he refused to investigate and I robbed the store, he would have been in trouble. He marched me over to the elderly lady and asked her why she called the police. He showed her my badge and she still didn’t believe that I was an officer. He criticized her behavior and stormed out of the store. Good thing I had my “I’m not just another black person” badge. What happens to those who don’t have one? I needed the white officer to validate my existence.
I was at work for nearly 48 hours finishing up a big case. I went to my car to retrieve something and began to walk back into the police department headquarters. I was wearing plain clothes and wasn’t wearing identification. A white officer was in front of me wearing plain clothes and not wearing identification. A uniformed white officer was exiting the building and asked the white undercover officer, who looked like an extra from “Duck Dynasty,” if he was an officer. The guy stated that he was an officer and the uniformed white officer allowed him to enter the building. I was a few steps behind that exchange and the white uniformed officer asked me for my identification as I began to approach the building. I have been through this production many times so I already knew where this was headed. I told him that I was an officer to see if that same privilege would work for me as I entered the station. He repeated that he needed to see my identification and blocked the door. I was tired from being at work for so long and wasn’t as politically correct as usual. He began to try an enforce policy stating that he needed to see my identification. I told him that I would not show him my identification until he chased down the white, homeless looking guy that he didn’t recognize as an officer and ask him for his identification. He was clearly upset. He was upset that his authority wasn’t respected. He asked why everything had to be about race. I told him I’ve been trying to figure that out my whole life. He plead for me to just show him my identification because it wasn’t a big deal. I told him it was a big deal. I won’t comply because that’s what you want me to do and you want your authority respected. I told him to show me his identification and he refused. He got upset and walked away cursing me out. I wouldn’t have had a problem showing him my identification because it is policy. I wasn’t showing him anything because he trusted the white undercover officer’s word, but mine wasn’t good enough. If only I had a white officer with me to validate my presence at the police department.
What would that officer say about me if I filed a complaint? What if I got loud with him? Would he label me as another angry black woman? Would he tell everyone on the department that I am a race baiter to defend his behavior? I didn’t complain.
I went to Gloria’s (Addison) for a birthday party around 2 pm. I had on Timberland boots, but was dressed fashionable. The security guard let the rest of my group in, but told me that I couldn’t wear tennis shoes inside. I told him that I was wearing boots and he said boots and tennis shoes were the same. I politely asked to speak with the manager. I tried to show him my “get out of looking suspicious” police identification and told him that I wasn’t there to cause problems, I drove an hour to get here and I was there for a birthday party. He rudely said that I wouldn’t be attending any party at their business. There were numerous white guys wearing actual tennis shoes and they were immediately allowed inside the business. I pointed to those guys and asked why those tennis shoes were acceptable? He called more security guards to the scene and said that I would not be allowed inside their business. I missed the party, nor did I desire to be there anymore. I never go to that Gloria’s and I think about that experience every time I pass by it. This may not seem like a big deal to you if you are white. These things don’t happen to you all the time.
Every day black people have to be calmer and pick and choose their battles. It is tiring. I understand the frustration of white officers who don’t understand all the frustration exhibited by blacks. These incidents don’t happen to them daily. Their position is validated just by existing. I understand why white people say “just be compliant.” Generally, people should just comply, but sometimes you have to dig your heels in the sand to effect change.
Again, the police did nothing wrong in this situation. There is no recourse when white people call the police because of their own racism/ cognitive biases. What if those men were supposed to see their daughters off to prom and missed it due to their arrests? What if they had to acknowledge this arrest as they applied for jobs? What if their sons had soccer games that they missed because of this incident?
If these white people didn’t step up and say that they come to Starbucks all the time without ordering and are allowed access to the bathroom, where would those black men be? If those white people refused to get involved because the incident didn’t affect them, where would those black men be? If those white people didn’t record the incident, documenting proof of how calm the black men were, where would those men be? If those white people didn’t raise so much hell, that the company called the police station and refused to press charges against them, where would those black men be? Where would black people be without white chaperones to prove their existence is valid and harmless? Black people should not need validation from white people to exist.
Just as criminals don’t wear signs indicating that they are criminals, racists and people with cognitive biases don’t wear signs indicating their status. If you are white, I encourage you to try to imagine going through incidents like this every day as you buy groceries, pump gas, ride the bus, purchase clothes at the mall, attend parties, go to bars, watch your children play sports, and a long list of other everyday activities. It doesn't make you a racist if you don't insert yourself in situations such as this to defend people. It takes a special person to stand up for people dealing with an issue that will never affect you.
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Delirium in ICU
Does this patient have delirium? Diagnosis, epidemiology, risk factors.
The most widely used instruments to detect ICU delirium are the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) [12] and the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) [13]. Studies demonstrate that both tools can be implemented at the bedside by ICU staff after adequate training. ICU delirium can present as a hypoactive (quiet) type, which is not often recognized in the ICU setting unless actively sought [1]. Bedside clinical evaluation without a specified instrument for detecting ICU delirium often fails to provide an accurate diagnosis. Perhaps this occurs as a consequence of looking strictly for hyperactive signs and symptoms such as agitation and hallucinations as prompts for the presence of delirium or due to confounding effects of sedation or concurrent neurologic conditions. Although these signs and symptoms are associated with delirium, they are not specific or essential criteria for its diagnosis [14]. In fact, a significant fraction of ICU delirium cases present in a hypoactive form; sometimes hallucinations are present, but they are not needed for diagnosis. Although a number of tools are available to diagnose delirium in ICU patients, as noted above, the CAM-ICU and the ICDSC are the most valid and reliable instruments. Both can be implemented reliably in the ICU setting by the healthcare team without the need for specialists (e.g., psychiatrists, neurologists, or geriatricians). Given the importance of delirium as a predictor of worse outcomes in ICU patients and a cause of distress for patients/relatives, routine ICU delirium screening is strongly recommended [3]. Once a diagnosis of ICU delirium is established, one must consider the implications of such a diagnosis. A checklist that can aid clinicians at the bedside is provided (Fig. 1). Certainly, as in any organ failure, not all ICU delirium is the same [2, 15]. Recently, studies have demonstrated that a short duration of delirium or its reversal upon the interruption of sedation is associated with relatively good outcomes [2]. Using scores to accurately measure level of sedation can help to reduce the frequency of oversedation and its accompanying propensity toward delirium [3]. It is important to state that sedation is a major problem when a patient with suspected delirium is evaluated. On the one hand sedatives can preclude the use of validated scales; on the other hand, sedatives are both risk factors for delirium and confounders of its diagnosis as deep sedation, especially with benzodiazepines, is a well-recognized inducer of coma. Though diagnosing delirium is important, efforts should be made to prevent it, shorten its duration, and/or identify early those patients who have the potential for a higher burden of acute brain dysfunction [3].
http://rdcu.be/m2E7
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【有關 Lisboa Card 的使用攻略】
【About the use of the Lisboa Card】
中文:
為方便到里斯本遊玩的旅客們, 里斯本旅遊局 (Turismo de Lisboa) 推出一張集交通/ 景點參觀/ 遊樂 於一身的 里斯本卡 (Lisboa Card), 省錢又方便, 可按您的需要購買 24小時、48小時或72小時的里斯本卡, 在限時內無限次乘搭市內的地鐵、巴士、電車, 以及來往以下地方的國鐵 (CP):
1) 市中心火車總站 Rossio 和 Sintra (辛特拉)
2) 市中心火車總站 Cais do Sodré 和 Cascais (即包括 Belém 貝倫區)
另外, 里斯本卡持有人可免費進入25間博物館和歷史建築物參觀, 包括貝倫塔、哲羅尼莫斯修道院 (Jerónimos Monastery)、聖特朱斯特鐵塔瞭望台 (Santa Justa Elevador)。也可以折購價, 買票進入很多景點參觀和參加短線旅行團。
English:
The "Lisboa Card", issued by Turismo de Lisboa, is Lisbon´s official city travel card which saves travellers' time and money during their stay in Lisbon. It allows free and unlimited travel on Carris buses, trams and funiculars, metro (=underground), as well as on CP train lines between:
1) Rossio and Sintra
2) Cais do Sodré and Cascais (i.e. inlcudes Belém)
The Lisbon Card also allows free admission to 25 museums, monuments and historic buildings, including Torre de Belém, Jerónimos Monastery and the Santa Justa Elevador; and discounts on local services and cultural and tourist interest.
Also, Lisboa Card holders can enjoy discounts on the entrance fee of many other places and day tours.
**************************************
Lisboa card 的收費 (有效直至31/3/2016為止):
Prices of Lisboa Card (valid until 31/3/2016):
24 Hours - 18.50€ (成人/Adults)
24 Hours - 11.50€ (小童 4-15歲 / 4-15 years, Children)
48 Hours - 31.50€ (成人/Adults)
48 Hours - 17.50€ (小童 4-15歲 / 4-15 years, Children)
72 Hours - 39.00€ (成人/Adults)
72 Hours - 20.50€ (小童 4-15歲 / 4-15 years, Children)
* 每位持成人里斯本卡者可免費攜帶兩位5歲或以下小童
* Each adult holding a Lisboa Card can be accompanied by 2 children under 5 years of age free of charge.
** 里斯本卡的生效計算時間: 在第一次使用時會自動開始計算
** Lisboa Card is validated upon its first use
***************************************
里斯本卡的一些售賣點:
The Lisboa Card is available at:
1) 里斯本旅遊局設在里斯本國際機場到境大堂以及市中心 Palácio Foz 的旅遊資訊中心 / Turismo de Lisboa booths located at Lisbon Airport - Arrival Hall, Palácio Foz (Praça dos Restauradores)
2) 在市中心復興廣場的 Lisbon Welcome Centre / Lisboa Welcome Centre (on Praça dos Restauradores),
3) Santa Apolónia 火車總站 / Santa Apolónia International Railway Station;
4) 貝倫區的涼亭 / Belém Kiosks
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