【十二萬物管王國】全面剖析港鐵物業管治術 #永續港鐵霸權 #7月專研
鐵路上蓋物業發展獲取龐大地產紅利,當中所引伸出的規劃及土地供應問題,現時已漸成為社會討論港鐵霸權的重點課題。而港鐵本身除了興建貴價私樓外,在港鐵的物業版圖不斷擴展下,亦開拓出另一門物業租務及管理(rent and property management)的管治策略,更甚有指港鐵漸漸走向物管為本的模式 (management-based model) (Aveline-Dubach, N., & Blandeau, G., 2019)。因而,現時更有需要檢視港鐵如何壟斷物管項目的方式,主宰整個社區管理,有助我們了解現時港鐵興建私樓獲利之外的地產霸權模式。
▍港鐵作為物管的「當然成員」
現時港鐵住宅物業管理的整全面貌一直少有人整理。透過整理中原地產及香港置業等地產代理網站的樓市資料,以及抽查港鐵上蓋物業的屋苑公契,便可以全面了解現時港鐵物管王國的版圖規模,揭示港鐵在物管市場的「壟斷」地位。
最新統計,港鐵到2021年有份參與的77個上蓋住宅物業項目(以項目期數作統計),當中有68個直接由港鐵的物管公司負責管理,涉及近112,759個住宅單位,近30多萬人的日常居家生活,而按照港鐵即將落成的上蓋發展項目 (如日出康城未來期數、黃竹坑上蓋、何文田上蓋等),可預計未來有近34,060個房屋單位將由港鐵物業管理,港鐵物管的規模已足以跟大地產商匹敵。
港鐵住宅物管王國列表:https://bit.ly/3BAfuC3
我們抽查當中10個屋苑的大廈公契(Deed of Mutual Covenant),揭露港鐵物管公司經常「中標」的原因:上蓋物業發展項目的公契協議中往往註明港鐵公司為發展項目的「經理人」(manager)。港鐵由招標、興建到管理,一站式包攬上蓋物業發展項目,業主購入單位時, 只能被迫接受港鐵管理其屋苑。這種起樓配物管的「銷售策略」亦經常出現在其他地產商的住宅發展項目,更反映港鐵的地產商定位愈來愈明曬。而有趣的是,雖然各大地產商都曾多次參與港鐵的物業發展項目,但最後往往由港鐵獨吞物管服務,跑贏有份參與的發展商,成為發展項目的「經理人」。手握執行大廈公契的權力,港鐵當然地主導整個屋苑的管理。
港鐵亦會將物業管理權外判予其他發展商轄下的管理公司,港鐵可以明正言順做「二房東」,既可謀取物業管理的行政收益,亦可與其他發展商保持「良好」合作關係。以港鐵與新鴻基合作發展的火炭站上蓋住宅項目駿景園為例,港鐵外判屋苑的日常管理予新鴻基轄下的啟勝管理服務有限公司負責,當屋苑出現管理開支糾紛,管理公司就有「偏幫」港鐵之嫌【註一】,更顯港鐵與發展商的互利合作關係。
除了與大地產商合作興建私樓分享地產紅利外,港鐵更跑贏其他地產商,包攬上蓋物業的管理業務,創造恆常收入。鐵路加物業發展模式預料在未來會不斷擴展,港鐵物管只會愈做愈大,正正式式以地產為本業。
▍港鐵業權壟斷全攻略
港鐵包攬眾多物業管理項目,時常有報導提及業主投訴港鐵管理問題。而背後除了管理不善外,壟斷式的物管業權操作更令港鐵可以在物管市場多年來「屹立不倒」。我們隨機抽樣翻查港鐵上蓋住宅物業的公契,發現港鐵將上蓋屋苑業權和港鐵相關的發展項目捆綁,上蓋屋苑的業主難以集合足夠業權成立業主立案法團和更換物管公司(按照《建築物管理條例》規定,一般需要得到30%業權同意),於是港鐵便可以輕易主導屋苑的物業管理。而港鐵的業權操作大致有三種:
- 「巨無霸式」業權壟斷:
例子包括數個港鐵大型屋苑,如九龍灣站的德福花園、葵芳站的新葵芳花園、荃灣站的綠楊新邨、青衣站的盈翠半島、坑口站的蔚藍灣畔、康城站的日出康城和將軍澳站天晉等等。業權分佈往往和樓面面積無關,港鐵站及車廠就已經在公契中佔總業權的51%,代表港鐵可以絕對話事,壟斷屋苑的物業管理權。
- 「堆砌式」業權整合:
透過抽樣查冊,仔細檢閱港鐵上蓋物業的公契條款,發現除了港鐵站業權(non-station shares)外,港鐵更可將住宅物業以外的發展項目業權份數一併納入公契之中,例如將軍澳站的天晉及九龍站的天璽。將軍澳站天晉的私人屋苑只佔13%業權,而港鐵竟然將商場等商業項目 (Commercial accommodation) (佔12%)和辦公室項目 (Office accommodation)(佔1.4%)納入計算總業權份數,甚至由新鴻基發展的星峰薈服務式住宅、香港九龍東皇冠假日酒店及三星級香港九龍東智選假日酒店(Hotel accommodation)(佔20%) 這些跟社區居民無關的項目也計算在內,這種業權操作在港鐵圈地式發展項目尤其常見,令港鐵及發展商仍然可以掌控大多數物業的管理話事權。
- 「落釘式」業權否決:
雖然港鐵並非坐擁每個上蓋屋苑的大多數業權,但仍有保持物管霸權的「暗黑兵法」。其實只需掌握上蓋物業發展至少20%業權,就可擁有否決權。由於按照現時《建築物管理條例》,只要有超過兩成業權人反對,業主立案法團就難以成立。歷年來只有少數港鐵上蓋屋苑成立了業主立案法團,其中海翠花園成功「取締」港鐵物管公司,箇中原因正正是港鐵所佔的業權只有18%。
在「鐵定管理權」下,港鐵無須在物管市場上與同行競爭,更可與其他地產商及承建工程商「同謀」合作,而屋苑業主根本無法取締港鐵管理公司,將加劇港鐵物管的管理不善、「黑箱」作業以至剝削小業主的情況:
- 管理費繼續狂飆:港鐵上蓋映灣園曾經試過一年管理費加價19%【註二】,而港鐵新葵芳花園亦可在疫情期間,逆市加價管理費,忽視小業主的民生訴求。
- 維修工程「頹」做:自被揭發德福花園的外牆業權不屬屋苑業主後,港鐵卻不願意答應承擔全部維修責任,全面翻新外牆,只按照強制驗樓要求,將屋苑外牆變得「一撻撻」【註三】,作為物管重中之重的維修工作都可以置之不理,可預期日後港鐵每況愈下的物管質素。
- 物管「暗黑」財務:將軍澳天晉被揭發港鐵物管公司收取的管理支出欠透明,港鐵往往會拒絕公開部分財務細節,例如個別員工詳細薪酬,以至外判標書的詳細內容,批出的工程更可能有「圍標」之嫌【註四】,而屋苑業主根本無法從中監察。
- 「收割」業主補貼公共設備:除了以往康城的行人天橋業權爭議外,翻查大圍站柏傲莊第二期的大廈公契條款,當中有列明上蓋物業發展項目的業主(包括屋苑業主和港鐵)需分擔大圍站蓋下的公共運輸交匯處(Public transport interchange)、上蓋的城市大學專上學院(Post secondary college)甚至大圍站鄰近公廁(Public toilet)等公共設施的維修開支。當上蓋物業的發展項目中所牽涉的社區公共設備愈來愈多,港鐵作為大廈公契撰寫人卻可以暗藏「補貼」條款,輕易將管理成本漸轉移至屋苑業主身上。
即使政府成立物業管理監管局,仍無法阻止港鐵壟斷式物管操作帶來的必然惡果。在可預見的港鐵的物業版圖擴展下,愈來愈多新上蓋屋苑被迫無理接受港鐵的粗暴管理,無法當家作主地決定自家屋苑的大小事務,這或者正是港鐵自稱「世界級管理」的真實面貌。
參考資料
【註一】蘋果日報(2015年05月20日):駿景園業主斥港鐵索維修費
https://web.archive.org/web/20150530084946/http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20150520/19154044
【註二】蘋果日報(2013年11月2日): 管理費狂飆 映灣園加19%最狼 港鐵4屋苑平均升一成
https://web.archive.org/web/20170406015956/http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20131102/18490095
【註三】獨立媒體(2021年05月25日):逾二千德福花園居民聯署 抗議大業主港鐵背信棄義拒修外牆 https://bit.ly/3zlZilG
【註四】仁聞報(2016年12月12日):薪金異常高昂 支出五花八門 港鐵物業收費欠透明
https://jmc.hksyu.edu/ourvoice/?p=7308
Aveline-Dubach, N., & Blandeau, G. (2019). The political economy of transit value capture: The changing business model of the MTRC in Hong Kong. Urban Studies, 56(16), 3415-3431.
研究自主 月捐撐起最新專研系列:https://liber-research.com/support-us/
FPS ID:5390547
HSBC PayMe 捐款支持:https://bit.ly/32aoOMn
戶口號碼:匯豐銀行 640-198305-001 (LIBER RESEARCH COMMUNITY (HK) COMPANY LIMITED)
義工招募:https://bit.ly/2SbbyT3
同時也有14部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過25萬的網紅H.J.Freaks,也在其Youtube影片中提到,【H.J.Freaks Bass Clinic in Hong Kong 2020 - CANCELLED】 I feel deeply sad to announce cancellation of 「H.J.Freaks Bass Clinic in Hong Kong 2020」 due to...
「accommodation in hong kong」的推薦目錄:
- 關於accommodation in hong kong 在 本土研究社 Liber Research Community Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於accommodation in hong kong 在 Food of Hong Kong by Epicurushongkong Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於accommodation in hong kong 在 Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於accommodation in hong kong 在 H.J.Freaks Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於accommodation in hong kong 在 Hak Me Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於accommodation in hong kong 在 Hak Me Youtube 的精選貼文
- 關於accommodation in hong kong 在 WHERE TO STAY IN HONG KONG (With Family) - YouTube 的評價
accommodation in hong kong 在 Food of Hong Kong by Epicurushongkong Facebook 的精選貼文
🌱🥒 Karela Sabzi, Bitter Gourd Indian Vegetarian Curry 印度 #苦瓜咖哩 🥘 HKD $69. 😋🤤🤤
#KarelaSabzi #KarelaKiSabzi #Karela #IndianFood #苦瓜 #咖哩 #Curry #Vegetarian #HKEVegetarian #素食 #Indian #印度菜 #印度美食 #HongKong #香港 #香港美食 #重慶大廈 #ChungKingMansion
Within the infamous【Chung King Mansion 重慶大廈, Hong Kong 🇭🇰 🇮🇳】, there were peak & trough periods during the last few decades here. For a time spanning over 10 years, I think some Indian & Pakistani vendors moved on in a nomad way, the quality also became lax dropped, due to its influx of overseas tourists arriving to experience its fame from the HK Movies 🎥, or for cheap AirBnB Hostels accommodation. But somehow some of us have been monitoring it yearly just to check (the downstairs Chaat Street Food selections are out of this world outside of India, but occasionally I did get a tummy ache) , but upstairs proper restaurants wise we think it might just be making a come back recently!
In this case, even Covid probably did helped it a bit, as it is re-igniting the passion of the Indian community living here in HK, or those who are temporarily seeking refuge from the Delta variant!? 🤔 Even the Breads in this shop was done exceptionally well, a rare sight
___
Known as 𝗞𝗵𝘆𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘀 𝗠𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗖𝗹𝘂𝗯, 𝗶𝘁'𝘀 𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝗹𝘀𝗼 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗱 #𝟳𝗘咖哩王 , since it's located upstairs at 7th Floor Block E. Good for those of us with goldfish memories to remember all the time!! 👀
accommodation in hong kong 在 Facebook 的精選貼文
🇸🇬 Did you know that (unlike Hong Kong) most quarantine hotel rooms are randomly assigned in Singapore?
Regardless of a 3-star, 4-star or 5-star hotel room, it costs S$2,000 nett for the accommodation and 3 meals per day for a 14-day quarantine.
However, there are some exceptions such as for a 7-day quarantine, you get to pre-book the hotel of your choice or for a 7-14-21-day quarantine, you can top up with much more 💰 for a hotel suite of your choice. (E.g. S$9,000 for a 14-day quarantine suite).
Does your country assign quarantine hotel rooms randomly too?
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Throwback to the first night when I was sent to @swissotelthestamford. I was so thankful and relieved!! 🌃
Literally struck the hotel lottery with this 5-star hotel that comes with a balcony and the iconic view of Singapore.
It was an unforgettable staycation all by myself. 🥰
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Watch my travel from HK to SG here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2w6kwZNDDAE (link on bio)
😉 I'll be releasing a new YouTube video on Wednesday, 9 June at 8pm (GMT+8). Please subscribe!
-
#FOODTRAVELBABE
accommodation in hong kong 在 H.J.Freaks Youtube 的最讚貼文
【H.J.Freaks Bass Clinic in Hong Kong 2020 - CANCELLED】
I feel deeply sad to announce cancellation of 「H.J.Freaks Bass Clinic in Hong Kong 2020」 due to coronavirus epidemic issue. But 27th February (THU) This Town Needs Freak - H.J. Freaks Live in Hong Kong – Continue as scheduled.
For more announcements from promoter:
https://www.facebook.com/neonlitmusic/posts/533795247257496
==================================================================
H.J.Freaks goes to Hong Kong!
Hello everyone in Hong Kong, I've missed you so much!
Can't wait my second live in Hong Kong.
【H.J.Freaks 說你好之放心場SHOW絕對唔會取消】
仲有個零月就開show啦,H.J. 特登著住佢嘅紅黑小短裙戰衣拍左條片同香港嘅大家打招呼,一齊睇下再次感受下大叔嘅魅力啦~
入面有一句廣東話講錯左希望大家唔好鞭得太大力!XD
同埋黎緊我地仲會有幾個投票俾大家一齊參與,記得唔好錯過啦!
----------(以下碎碎唸)----------
台灣大選結束,相信唔少人都為之鼓舞,同時回望返本地,我地就仲有好漫長嘅路要繼續一齊繼續行落去。
黃色經濟圈越做越大, 但暫時受惠既普遍仲係以飲食界為主,音樂界/場地界依然係卡住係低谷。
喺過去半年間局勢動盪、大家都要各自各喺自己崗位疲於奮戰,無暇都冇mood去睇show,呢樣嘢我地無需多講大家都明白。
多場演出唔係票房差就係被藝人方因安全考量而被迫取消,有睇開show嘅各位一定都感受到同往年比係少左好多INDIE LIVE睇。
HJ係第一次黎香港開show,而佢本人都對今次香港之行非常期待,但剛公佈時嘅好迴響同暫時得出黎既票房數字之差,令我地有一刻猶豫過係咪完左呢場就應該暫停一下唔好再貼錢搞SHOW住...但實在過唔到自己果關。
我地明白大家可能會怕臨時取消,所以想最後一刻先去做決定,在此我地承諾會盡我地最大嘅努力去確保今次、以後嘅演出得以實現,繼續帶唔同嘅好音樂俾大家!
咁可愛又俏皮嘅bass手真係唔常見,大家可以放心課金,一齊黎欣賞佢曼妙嘅身影。
最後強調多次:我地係絕對唔會取消今次演出!
----------(碎碎唸結束)----------
This Town Needs Freak - H.J. Freaks Live in Hong Kong
演出者Artist: H.J.Freaks(KR)
日期 Date: 27 Feb 2020 (THU)
時間 DOOR OPEN: 19:00/ START 20:00
演出時間Show Time: 120mins
地點 Venue: This Town Needs (Yau Tong, Hong Kong, 1F, Commercial Accommodation, Ocean One, 6 Shung Shun Street)
入場費Entrance Fee: Advance $350 | Walk-in $450
*現場將售即影即有合照簽名券 HKD100/張
*Polaroid Two Shot Coupon(Autograph included) HKD100/pc
網上購票 Online Ticketing:
OML: https://tickcats.co/ticket/hjfreakslive/
CLINIC: https://tickcats.co/ticket/hjfreaksclinic
門市購票 Ticket-in-Store:
Zoo Records
Tel : 2309 2911
旺角彌敦道608號Chic 之堡3樓325號鋪
Shop 325, Level 3, No.608 Nathan Road, Mong Kok
White Noise Records
Tel: 2591 0499
九龍上海街720號1樓(太子站C2出口, 近旺角維景酒店)
1/F, 720 Shanghai Street, Kowloon (Prince Edward C2 EXIT, close to Metropark Hotel Mongkok)
觸STUDIO[先達店 sincere branch]
Tel : 2395 3332
旺角亞皆老街83號先施大廈3樓311室
Room 311, 3/F, Sincere House, 83 Argyle street, Mongkok
Drummers’ Ark
Tel: 2325 3528
九龍新蒲崗五芳街8號利嘉工業大廈4樓B室
Room B, 4/F, Lee Ka Industrial Building, 8 Ng Fong Street, San Po Kong, Kowloon
活動專頁 Event Page:
One Man Live: https://www.facebook.com/events/2796982203685735/
Bass Clinic: https://www.facebook.com/events/624268728343951/
海報設計: Sariel Design
H.J.Freaks youtube頻道:
https://www.youtube.com/user/hjfreaks
H.J.Freaks NicoNico作品連結:
https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm30486285/videoExplorer
更多相關介紹:
https://news.gamme.com.tw/1472421
accommodation in hong kong 在 Hak Me Youtube 的最讚貼文
Hope you enjoy this #tokyovlog so far and be sure to stayed tuned for more! I do two videos a week on Tuesday and Thursday at 9.00am (Hong Kong Time). Do subscribe as I'd love to see you again! Xoxo.
Information Mentioned:-
NEW Stationary/ Journal Channel: http://bit.ly/2NvDobv
Visit my Instagram for more photos and mini videos: @iamhakme
Place of Stay: 民宿 in 蔵前
Link: https://goo.gl/WEyDqi
Others in Tokyo: www.rukibooking.com
(The accommodation is sponsored by Ruki)
Ruki is offering a 20% discount on the this bnb.
即日起至2018年10月15日
於官網預定房源立即享有20%訂房折扣!
馬上查詢,馬上預訂啦!
https://www.rukibooking.com/
Coupon Code: FALLSALE2018
What Am I Wearing:-
+ Foundation: YSL All Hours Foundation Stick in B50
+ Top: Zara
Accessories:
+ Dinh Van Bracelet
+ Cartier Love Bracelet SM (Blog: http://tinyurl.com/mgs7o2c)
+ DPT Endless Diamonds Bracelet (Link: http://bit.ly/2BQz11h ? Use code “hakme18” to get 5% off upon online purchases, valid from now till Dec 31, 2018)
+ VendomeAoyama Diamond Necklace
+ Watch: Apple Watch
♡黑咪店地址: https://www.hakmebeauty.com/store-locations/
♡黑咪店Online: https://shop.hakmebeauty.com
♡黑咪店Instagram: @hakmebeauty
*************************************************************
Where To Find Me:-
♥ Blog: www.hakmebeauty.com
♥ Facebook: www.facebook.com/hakmebeauty
♥ Instagram: @iamhakme
♥ Snapchat: iamhakme
♥ Shop My Collection at Carousell: @iamhakme
♥ Twitter: twitter.com/iamhakme
♥ Weibo: www.weibo.com/iamhakme
Disclaimer: This video is created and edited by me. All the content are my own thoughts. As always, all opinions are based on my experience and honesty. Products are either purchased by me or for those which are sent by PR are marked with an “*”. For any collaboration with brands which involves monetary payment, “Ad” will be in the video so that you are aware of the collaboration. Some of the links used above might be affiliate links and please be aware that I will earn a % of commission if you decide to buy through the affiliate links.
accommodation in hong kong 在 Hak Me Youtube 的精選貼文
行原宿人山人海 + Princess One Spoon + Alice On Wednesday
Hope you enjoy this #tokyovlog so far and be sure to stayed tuned for more! I do two videos a week on Tuesday and Thursday at 9.00am (Hong Kong Time). Do subscribe as I'd love to see you again! Xoxo.
Information Mentioned:-
NEW Stationary/ Journal Channel: http://bit.ly/2NvDobv
Visit my Instagram for more photos and mini videos: @iamhakme
Place of Stay: 民宿 in 蔵前
Link: https://goo.gl/WEyDqi
Others in Tokyo: www.rukibooking.com
(The accommodation is sponsored by Ruki)
What Am I Wearing:-
+ Foundation: YSL All Hours Foundation Stick in B50
+ Top: Gucci (Link: http://bit.ly/2KxIRdf)
Accessories:
+ Dinh Van Bracelet
+ Cartier Love Bracelet SM (Blog: http://tinyurl.com/mgs7o2c)
+ DPT Endless Diamonds Bracelet (Link: http://bit.ly/2BQz11h ? Use code “hakme18” to get 5% off upon online purchases, valid from now till Dec 31, 2018)
+ VendomeAoyama Diamond Necklace
+ Watch: Apple Watch
♡黑咪店地址: https://www.hakmebeauty.com/store-locations/
♡黑咪店Online: https://shop.hakmebeauty.com
♡黑咪店Instagram: @hakmebeauty
*************************************************************
Where To Find Me:-
♥ Blog: www.hakmebeauty.com
♥ Facebook: www.facebook.com/hakmebeauty
♥ Instagram: @iamhakme
♥ Snapchat: iamhakme
♥ Shop My Collection at Carousell: @iamhakme
♥ Twitter: twitter.com/iamhakme
♥ Weibo: www.weibo.com/iamhakme
Disclaimer: This video is created and edited by me. All the content are my own thoughts. As always, all opinions are based on my experience and honesty. Products are either purchased by me or for those which are sent by PR are marked with an “*”. For any collaboration with brands which involves monetary payment, “Ad” will be in the video so that you are aware of the collaboration. Some of the links used above might be affiliate links and please be aware that I will earn a % of commission if you decide to buy through the affiliate links.
accommodation in hong kong 在 WHERE TO STAY IN HONG KONG (With Family) - YouTube 的推薦與評價
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