【口說要提升 fluency (流暢度) 要做怎樣的練習呢? 科學研究重要文獻】
如標題,我常常被學生問這樣的問題。也有學生問我說,我中文講話就沒有很快,英文有可能很流暢嗎?
有關這樣的問題,之後會用直播的方式和一些文章跟大家探討「口說的文法特色」以及「提升流暢度的學習方法」。
✔︎ 但想先跟大家分享的重要觀念是:
流暢不是「語速快」,而是「停頓少」。
流暢不是「語速快」,而是「停頓少」。
流暢不是「語速快」,而是「停頓少」。
而要怎樣看英/美劇、怎樣看 TED、怎樣看 VoiceTube 的影片、怎樣聽 podcast (In other words, 怎樣處理 input),再怎樣做練習,才能夠即便頭腦裡還沒有完整的想法、或是還找不到表達方法時,也可以「停頓少」,邏輯上來講就是提升 fluency 的學習方法。
(英文的 output 質量可以用 accuracy, fluency, variety, complexity, appropriateness 幾個面向去檢視、或設定學習目標)
【相關文獻】
Laufer, B. & Waldman, T. (2011). Verb-noun collocations in second language writing: a corpus analysis of learners’ English. Language Learning, 61(2): 647-672
Lewis, M. (ed.) (2000). Teaching Collocation: Further Developments in the Lexical Approach. Boston: Thomson-Heinle
Perera, N.S. (2001). The role of prefabricated language in young children’s second language acquisition. Bilingual Research Journal 25(3), 327–356
Schmidt, R. (1992). Psychological mechanisms underlying language fluency. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14, 357-385
Thornbury, S. (2005). Appropriation and autonomy. English Teaching Professional, 40, 11-14
Wray, A. (2002). Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge: CUP
「analysis noun」的推薦目錄:
- 關於analysis noun 在 Alexander Wang 王梓沅英文 Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於analysis noun 在 Alexander Wang 王梓沅英文 Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於analysis noun 在 IELTS Thanh Loan Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於analysis noun 在 Analysis (noun) Word of the Day for June 7th - YouTube 的評價
- 關於analysis noun 在 Pandora's Box - Facebook 的評價
- 關於analysis noun 在 Is the word ''analyse'' a noun or a verb? A countable noun or ... 的評價
- 關於analysis noun 在 How to perform Sentiment Analysis on Noun Phrases in ... 的評價
analysis noun 在 Alexander Wang 王梓沅英文 Facebook 的最佳貼文
【口說要提升 fluency (流暢度) 要做怎樣的練習呢? 科學研究重要文獻】
如標題,我常常被學生問這樣的問題。也有學生問我說,我中文講話就沒有很快,英文有可能很流暢嗎?
有關這樣的問題,之後會用直播的方式和一些文章跟大家探討「口說的文法特色」以及「提升流暢度的學習方法」。
✔︎ 但想先跟大家分享的重要觀念是:
流暢不是「語速快」,而是「停頓少」。
流暢不是「語速快」,而是「停頓少」。
流暢不是「語速快」,而是「停頓少」。
而要怎樣看英/美劇、怎樣看 TED、怎樣看 VoiceTube 的影片、怎樣聽 podcast (In other words, 怎樣處理 input),再怎樣做練習,才能夠即便頭腦裡還沒有完整的想法、或是還找不到表達方法時,也可以「停頓少」,邏輯上來講就是提升 fluency 的學習方法。
(英文的 output 質量可以用 accuracy, fluency, variety, complexity, appropriateness 幾個面向去檢視、或設定學習目標)
【相關文獻】
Laufer, B. & Waldman, T. (2011). Verb-noun collocations in second language writing: a corpus analysis of learners’ English. Language Learning, 61(2): 647-672
Lewis, M. (ed.) (2000). Teaching Collocation: Further Developments in the Lexical Approach. Boston: Thomson-Heinle
Perera, N.S. (2001). The role of prefabricated language in young children’s second language acquisition. Bilingual Research Journal 25(3), 327–356
Schmidt, R. (1992). Psychological mechanisms underlying language fluency. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14, 357-385
Thornbury, S. (2005). Appropriation and autonomy. English Teaching Professional, 40, 11-14
Wray, A. (2002). Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge: CUP
analysis noun 在 IELTS Thanh Loan Facebook 的精選貼文
IELTS WRITING TASK 1 - CÁC TỪ NỐI CẦN BIẾT
Từ nối cực kì quan trọng trong IELTS Writing nha các bạn, nó giúp bài viết của chúng ta liền mạch, liên kết và hệ thống. Hơn nữa từ nối còn có khả năng giúp bạn đáp ứng được tiêu chí Coherence and Cohesion - chiếm 25% số điểm của bài thi viết! 💯💯💯
Vậy còn chần chừ gì nữa, hãy save lại ngay các từ nối được sử dụng trong Writing task 1 sau đây:
CÁC TỪ NỐI THỂ HIỆN MỐI QUAN HỆ TƯƠNG PHẢN
▶️Clause, but Clause
▶️Although Clause, Clause. / Despite N, clause
▶️Sentence. However/ By contrast/ In contrast, Sentence
Ví dụ 1: The number of students in class A increased dramatically to 70, but that of class B went to by 50 over the two-year period.
CÁC TỪ NỐI THỂ HIỆN MỐI QUAN HỆ TƯƠNG ĐỒNG
▶️Likewise, sentence
▶️Similarly, sentence
▶️Clause, and clause (also)
Ví dụ 2: The number of students in class A increased dramatically to 50 over the last two decades, and there was also a rise in the figure for class B to 63.
CÁC TỪ NỐI THỂ HIỆN THỨ TỰ CỦA HÀNH ĐỘNG
▶️Mô tả bước đầu tiên: Firstly/ First of all
▶️Mô tả bước thứ hai: Secondly
▶️Mô tả các bước ở giữa: After that/ From this/ Where/ Following that/ Subsequently/ Before that/ In turn/ Then
▶️Mô tả bước cuối cùng: Finally/ At the final step.
Ví dụ 3: Firstly, incoming information can be received by satellite and presented for analysis as a satellite photo. The same data can also be passed to a radar station and presented on a radar screen or synoptic chart. Secondly, incoming information may be collected directly by radar and analysed on a radar screen or synoptic chart. Finally, drifting buoys also receive data which can be shown on a synoptic chart.
CÁC TỪ NỐI THỂ HIỆN SỰ TỔNG QUÁT
▶️Overall, clause
▶️Generally, clause
▶️In general, clause
▶️In common, clause
▶️It is obvious that … clause
▶️As can be seen, clause
▶️As an overall trend, clause
▶️At the first glance it is clear, clause
▶️At the onset, it is clear that, clause
▶️A glance at the graphs reveals that… clause
Ví dụ 4. It is clear that while car was the most popular way to go to campus in 2004, bus was chosen by the highest proportion of students in 2009.
TỪ NỐI ĐỂ THÊM THÔNG TIN
▶️ In addition,
▶️ Moreover,
▶️ Furthermore,
▶️ Besides,
▶️ Apart from…,
▶️ Also,
▶️ Additionally,
Ví dụ 5: The number of students going to school by bus rose sharply over the period shown. Also, car became a more popular means that was chosen by more than 40 000 commuters.
TỪ NỐI THỂ HIỆN SỰ SO SÁNH
▶️ While …. , …..
▶️ …, while …
▶️ ….. , whereas ….
▶️ …., compared with/ to + Noun
▶️ …, followed by + Noun
Ví dụ 6:
Over 450,000 people came to live in the UK, while the number of people who emigrated stood at just under 300,000
Around 80% of students aged under 26 study to further their careers, whereas only 10% study purely out of interest.
Around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or over, compared to about 7% of Swedish people and 5% of Japanese people.
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analysis noun 在 Pandora's Box - Facebook 的推薦與評價
meta-analysis noun [ C or U ] MEDICAL specialized UK /ˌme.tə.əˈnæl.ə.sɪs/ US /ˌmet̬.ə.əˈnæl.ə.sɪs/ a research method that combines the results of... ... <看更多>
analysis noun 在 Is the word ''analyse'' a noun or a verb? A countable noun or ... 的推薦與評價
As we know, the word analysis is a noun, and can be used as both a countable noun and an uncountable noun; the word analyze is a verb. ... <看更多>
analysis noun 在 Analysis (noun) Word of the Day for June 7th - YouTube 的推薦與評價
Analysis ( noun ) Meaning- the act of studying or examining something in detail, in order to discover more about it: Examples:- They took ... ... <看更多>