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柬埔寨土地權狀有那幾種？
2019年11月27
可以通過柬埔寨產權的四種主要形式之一來確保財產所有權，即：硬產權，軟產權，LMAP產權和分層產權。我們將簡要介紹您要記住的重要事項。

硬卡-\-\硬卡是柬埔寨最強的財產所有權形式，是土地管理和計劃辦公室提供的土地所有權證書。硬標題包含詳細的信息，這些信息已在國土部和有關地籍辦公室的國家級正式認可和認證。土地交易將根據財產總值支付4％的轉讓稅。硬卡轉讓的協助通常需要長達12週的時間

軟卡-\-\軟卡是最常見的所有權形式，也是最常見的柬埔寨土地產權，因為它們轉讓稅款和費用要比硬產權便宜。據估計柬埔寨有85％的財產所有人僅擁有軟卡。在地方政府一級得到認可（Sangkats＆Khans）當地縣或地區辦公室提供，未在國家/地區一級註冊-但仍被視為有效的所有權法律文件。軟標題相對便宜且購買速度更快，轉讓估計需要10到12個工作日

土地管理和行政項目（LMAP）卡-\-\LMAP卡是土地管理，城市規劃​​和建設部（MLMUPC）以及相關地籍辦公室在國家一級發布並認可的另一項財產所有權標題。LMAP標題與硬標題的主要區別在於，它包含確定問題屬性邊界的精確GPS坐標。LMAP標題只能在已在地籍地圖上建立索引的土地上獲得。因此，如果尚未對一塊土地進行索引，則無法為該屬性發布LMAP標題。轉讓後將根據財產總值支付4％的轉讓稅。

地層卡-\-\分層卡是通常用於購買公寓單位的特殊標題，柬埔寨國民和外國國民均可使用。您可以在我們的投資指南中看到其他機制，不一定涉及可用於外國人財產所有權的分層標題。僅當相關物業滿足以下條件時，才能授予層標題：僅適用於2010年及以後建造的建築物，外國人只能擁有建築物或物業總表面積的70％，無法為地下和/或地下的物業頒發地層產權，距離最近的陸地邊界30公里之內的任何財產均不得發行地層產權，共同擁有建築物中的私有所有權（又名“地層”）是最新的所有權形式，允許外國人在柬埔寨合法擁有財產。地層權是一種不太常見的柬埔寨地權，但數量正在快速增長。大多數新的公寓開發項目都提供此類所有權。

柬埔寨土地出售
地點: 4號路距離塔山寺116公里
面積: 共1300 公頃, 路邊100米,適合綜合商業開發
卡別: 硬卡
單價: 5 USD/M2
聯繫: 012473236 張先生 WECHAT ID: j012661511
LINE ID: CAMBODIA 012473236
0973950962 彭先生WECHATID:winson0909691866
LINE ID: CHINA 13862638726
089361886 林先生 (柬語.華語)
登錄時間: 2019/11/24
備註: 如欲採購本土地請聯繫手機,確認您需求後提供詳細資料,含地籍圖,現場照片 ,安排土地現場參觀及後續簽約事宜。

What are the land titles in Cambodia?
November 27, 2019
Property ownership can be secured through one of the four main forms of Cambodian property rights, namely: hard property rights, soft property rights, LMAP property rights and hierarchical property rights. We'll briefly explain what you need to remember.

Hard Card-Hard card is the strongest form of property ownership in Cambodia and is a land ownership certificate provided by the Office of Land Management and Planning. Hard headings contain detailed information that has been formally recognized and certified at the national level by the Department of Homeland and the relevant cadastral office. The land transaction will pay 4% transfer tax based on the total value of the property. Assistance with hard card transfers typically takes up to 12 weeks

Soft cards-Soft cards are the most common form of ownership and the most common type of land property rights in Cambodia because they transfer taxes and fees cheaper than hard property rights. It is estimated that 85% of property owners in Cambodia only own soft cards. Provided by the local county or district office that is recognized at the local government level (Sangkats & Khans), is not registered at the national level-but is still considered a valid legal document of ownership. Soft titles are relatively cheap and faster to buy, and transfers take an estimated 10 to 12 business days

Land Management and Administration Project (LMAP) Card-The LMAP card is another title of property ownership issued and recognized at the national level by the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC) and related cadastral offices. The main difference between an LMAP header and a hard header is that it contains precise GPS coordinates that determine the boundary of the problem attribute. LMAP titles are only available on land that has been indexed on a cadastral map. Therefore, if a piece of land has not been indexed, an LMAP title cannot be published for the property. After the transfer, a 4% transfer tax will be paid based on the total value of the property.

Strata Cards-Strata cards are special titles commonly used to buy apartment units, and can be used by both Cambodian and foreign nationals. You can see other mechanisms in our investment guide that don't necessarily involve hierarchical headings that can be used for foreigner property ownership. Tier titles can only be granted if the relevant property meets the following conditions: only applicable to buildings constructed in 2010 and later, foreigners can only own 70% of the total surface area of ​​the building or property and cannot be underground and / or underground properties Issue stratum property rights. No property within 30 kilometers from the nearest land border may issue stratum property rights. The joint ownership of private ownership in buildings (also known as "stratigraphy") is the latest form of ownership, allowing foreigners to legally own in Cambodia. property. Strata rights are a less common type of land rights in Cambodia, but the number is growing rapidly. Most new apartment developments provide such ownership.

Cambodia land for sale
Location: Road 4 is 116 km from Tashan Temple
Area: 1300 hectares, 100 meters by the road, suitable for comprehensive commercial development
Card: Hard card
Price / u: 5 USD / M2
Contact: 012473236 Mr. Zhang WECHAT ID: j012661511
LINE ID: CAMBODIA 012473236
0973950962 Mr. Peng WECHATID: winson0909691866
LINE ID: CHINA 13862638726
089361886 Mr. Lin (Cambodian. Chinese)
Login time: 2019/11/24
Note: If you want to purchase the land, please contact your mobile phone, provide detailed information after confirming your needs, including cadastral maps, on-site photos, arrange site visits and follow-up contract matter

The Evolution of Chinese Religion: From Monotheism to Polytheism


There are few well known religions in China such as Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. The belief in Oneness of God was there before the existence of religion in Chinese society. Chinese community believe the existence of one God which is Shang Di before the arise of Confucianism and Taoism philosophy. The Chinese historian, Sima Qian wrote in his book entitled Shi Ji state:“Shang Di is another name for Tian. The spirits do not have two Lords”[1]

Shang Di (上帝) or Tian (天) is the name of a God in Chinese community believed since a long time ago. It does not have any image, picture or statue in a form of idols. Furthermore, it is an entity that is not the same as human beings.

Chinese community understand it through characters of letters such as hanzi 上帝 and 天. Tian (天) symbolised the concept monotheism, due to the Chinese word character of hanzi for Tian (天) is a combination of two Hanzi characters which are Da (大) dan Yi ( 一). Da means the All-Mighty while Yi means Oneness. Two letters is formed for Tian which means the Sky and Heaven. It indicates the God is at the sky.

That is the reason why the ancient Chinese community worship one God and around the year 2000 BC - 800 BC, the doctrine of Shamanism and fortune teller was developed in China. Then the believes was influenced by the Taoism religion which came later on such as the usage of talisman and mantra to fight against the supernatural and binding spells in order to cure the one affected. But the earliest Taoism belief do not teach these particularly rituals.[2]

Existence of Confucianism and Taoism Philosophy

There were a lot of war and coup between small states during the classic era around 700 BC – 220 BC hence created the need towards political and strategy advice. However, they also focused on social development and the era which new leaders appeared such as Lao Zhi ( 604 BC – 531 BC) and Kongfu Zi (551 BC – 479 BC).[3]

Both of them brought their own philosophy for the purpose of social development. Both philosophy brought the believe that was well influenced even the concept of God was influenced by the concept of god in ancient Chinese community.

God term used between Lao zi and Kongfu Zi have a few differences mainly inside the form of characters letter of Hanzi and the definition of the letter. According to Lao Zi in his book entitled Dao De Ching used the term Dao (道) which indicates God.[4] Besides, according to Kongfu zi, he used the term Tian (天) inside the book to indicate God too. Both of them used the term which was used by the ancient Chinese community to described God. Even both terms for God was not made into image or idols. They believed that God is one and only.


Outside influence towards the concept of God

Buddhism came from India then entered into China and expanded around the year in 240 BC which is the era under the ruling of King Asoka in India. Buddhism remain in China in first 10 AD.[5] There are various types of Buddhism over there such as Theravada, Yogacara, Vajrayana and Mahayana.

The teachings of Lao zi and Kongzi also developed and expanded in China. Even though there was innovation in the teachings. The teaching that was brought by Lao zi or known as Taoism gave a huge impact to the shamanism doctrine which was by the ancient Chinese community while the teaching of Kongfu zi did not impacted the Shamanism influence.

Syncretism or mixing of and believed occurred in the teaching of Taoism. The evolution of Taoism from philosophy to religion in the year between 20 BC – 600 AD.

A well known Taoist figure called Zhang Daoling. He became first person who embed and strengthened the system into Taoism whereas the founder, Lao Tze did not introduced the religion system according to Zhang Daoling. Taoism made history when it became a religion through the formation of religious leader, set of rituals, scriptures and a lot of followers.

Taoism firstly became well known in the era of dynasty Han (25 AD-219 AD) when shamanism influenced was less practiced in the castle. In year 150 AD, the kings built a temple of kings specifically to performed the official ceremony as an honour towards the purification of Lao zi. Aligning with the belief on purification thus followed by the need to increase the rank of Laozi to the highest level of God.

During the era of dynasty Tang (618 AD - 907 AD), the royal family indicted the ancestry of Laozi for having the same family name, Li 李. Therefore, Taoism have achieved an official status under his ruling. Moreover, Gaozong King make Dai De Jing scriptures as one of the compulsory subject for the people who set for the public services examination.

If it is measure in terms of historical Taoism practices, the figure that is worthy to be given credit as the founder of Taoism is Zhang Daoling.[7] Zhang Ling is his real name and He was born in South of China in a place which strong shamanism was at that time.[8]

According to the legend, he succeed in finishing the whole classic text of Dao de Jing.[9]. During his adulthood, he went on exploring the Sichuan territory to undergo the ascetic life and to seek knowledge on religion. In the year 142 AD, he professed of an event that occurred which changes his life. A god appeared from the sky then came face to face with him in an awake state (yaqazhah), then gifted him with the power to do miracles and elevate his title to Tianshi (Heaven Master). The god is said to be the resemblance of Laozi and is known as the elder of the highest greatness (太上老君).

Jumping-off point from the event, Zhang Daoling have established the movement of Tianshi Dao (School of Heaven Master) in Sichuan territory. It also known as Wudoumi Dao 五斗米道 (Way of The Five Pecks of Rice) because the criteria of acceptance of a member is by giving tax five dou (1 dou =10kg) rice or items which have the same quantity.

Besides, Tianshi Dao has an well organized organization structure such as hierarchy of religious leader, record system of supernatural, talisman, moral principal, studying the classic text of Dao de Jing and etc. Furthermore, in the earliest era, it consist of twenty four states ruled under the Sichuan territory.

Under the leadership of his grandchild, Zhang Lu the movement later became militancy thus launching a rebel in the year 189 AD but they surrendered peacefully to Cao Cao (曹操). Cao Cao (曹操) was a warlord in the year (155AD – 220AD). Therefore, the movement indirectly exist until now.

Taoism brought by Zhang Daoling was easily accepted due to the fact that the people at that time are strong followers of shamanism and animism. The movement lead by Zhang Daoling have influence the Taoism we know today. As an example, the religious rituals whereby Zhang Daoling popularized the usage of talisman which is still practice until today. Usually the necklace is in the form of a yellow paper and written using Chinese characters, the meaning are kept as secret.[10]

Even the belief of worshipping gods and goddess was embedded into Taoism to a point where they included many idols, gods and goddess in their worship. Whereas the reality of earliest leader did not introduce the such practices and beliefs.

Mixing of Beliefs Occurred

Lastly, the Chinese community incorporated all four beliefs into their practices. There are times where they practice Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism and also Chinese traditional beliefs. Besides that, they also practice Feng Shui and etc.

This mixing of beliefs is called as syncretism among the religions. According to them, all the four religion is compensate with each other. If they want the understanding of philosophy and moral, they will refer to Confucianism and if they want spiritual and balance between two worlds, they will refer to Taoism. These are the way they practiced the religions until now.

Conclusion

It is recorded in history that the ancient Chinese community worship one God that does not have an image nor given birth to but later on the practiced of worshipping Gods and Goddesses were added on into Taoism. Even though, the founder himself did not introduce this way of worship. It was created by the people later on.

Lastly, Chinese community consider that all religion that exist till the classic era is important and is practiced synchronously.

Key Note

[1] Refer to Sima Qian (-). Shi Ji, volume 28, book 6, pg 624
[2] Refer to Eva Wong, (2011). Taoism An Essential Guide, Shambhala Publications, London, pg 11-19
[3] Ibid, pg 20-30/ refer to Cao Dawei & Sun Yanjing, (2010). China’s History, China Intercontinental Press, Beijing, pg 44-45
[4] Refer to the scriptures of Dao Te Ching chapter 4: Xiang Di Zhi Xian, chapter 25: Dao De Zhen Mian Mu, chapter 39: Dao De Gen Ben. And refer to scriptures of Kongfu zi dalam The Anaclets 3: 13, 9: 5, 16: 8, 14: 35
[5] Refer to Milon Nandy, (1996). The Profund Teachings of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism & Shintoism, Eurasia-Pasific Books, Ampang, pg 34
[6] Refer to Eva Wong, (2011). Taoism An Essential Guide, Shambhala Publications, London, pg 34
[7] Refer to Herman, J. (2013). Taoism For Dummies. Mississauga, Canada: John Wiley & Sons Canada pg 75/ refer to Palmer, M. (2000). T’ung Shu. Kuala Lumpur: Vinpress, pg 82.
[8] Refer to Eva Wong, (2011). Taoism An Essential Guide, Shambhala Publications, London, pg 34
[9] Refer to Palmer, M. (2000). T’ung Shu. Kuala Lumpur: Vinpress, pg 82
[10] Refer to Milon Nandy, (1996). The Profund Teachings of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism & Shintoism, Eurasia-Pasific Books, Ampang, pg 59

MRM's R&D Team

Perhaps the most notable restaurant in The Excelsior, Yee Tung Heen Chinese Restaurant on the 2nd floor of The Excelsior redefines the old-impression of Cantonese cuisine. The award-winning restaurant offers traditional Cantonese classics and modern renditions with a touch of elegance. The extensive but extremely creative menu amazes many well-heeled diners and Michelin inspectors; it is a no-brainer that the restaurant pockets multiple awards and recognition.

Accolades
Cantonese fine-dining restaurant (authentic Cantonese cuisine and delicious Dim Sum specialties)
The menu demonstrates the sophisticated techniques of Cantonese cuisine
One of the recommended restaurants in the Michelin Guide Hong Kong & Macau 2015
One of Hong Kong's Best Restaurants from 1997 to 2016 by Hong Kong Tatler
One of Hong Kong's 100 Top Tables by South China Morning Post in 2013, 2014 and 2016
Achieved three Gold with Distinction Awards, three Gold Awards and one Silver Award in Hong Kong Tourism Board's Best of the Best Culinary Awards between 2014 and 2016

- Steamed Kale Dumplings with Beetroot/ 羽衣甘蓝素粿 (HKD 58)
- Double Boiled Honey Locust Fruit Soup with Matsutake and assorted Fungus/ 绿萼红梅鸳鸯菌 (HKD 188)
- Steamed and sauteed Egg with Crab Meat, Sea Urchin & Mini Gold Fish Dumplings/ 玉麟鱼跃逐金波 (HKD 518)
- Poached Garoupa Fillet in Sze Chuan Style/ 川式酸辣鱼 (HKD 198)
- Braised Rice with Crab Meat and Spring Onion/ 香葱蟹肉烩饭 (HKD 108/ person)
- Supreme Red Bean Soup/ 25年陈年红豆沙 (HKD 98)

Prices are subject to Service Charge and prevailing Government Tax
Address: 2nd Floor of The Excelsior Hong Kong, 281, Gloucester Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong.
Business Hours: 12 pm to 2:30 pm on Mondays to Saturdays), 10:30 am to 3 pm on Sundays and Public Holidays; Dinner is served daily from 6 pm to 10:30 pm.
Contact Number: (852) 2837 6790

More information to be shared out real soon!