關於 climate impact exchange ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

塑化、鋼鐵業的大麻煩！歐美開徵「碳稅」箭在弦上　台灣還有哪些沒準備好？（08/09/2021 今周刊）

歐盟與美國在近期釋放出將課徵碳稅的計畫，歐盟甚至提出全球第一個「碳邊境稅」計畫，尤其是對低環保標準國家的水泥、鋼鐵、鋁等產品課徵碳稅，一旦通過此法案，開徵碳稅將從2026年起分階段實施；此外，美國國會也正在研究推動對高碳排進口產品開徵碳稅的可能性，以實現減少溫室氣體排放的目標。

以出口貿易為主的台灣製造業可謂壓力山大！尤其是塑化、鋼鐵，甚至是資通訊產業強烈意識到，在整個製造生產環節，必須大幅降低他們的排碳指數，提高乾淨能源的使用，必要時必須投資於新的碳權交易作為避險工具。簡言之，降低碳排對於台灣的一級製造業而言，將攸關企業的國際競爭力及未來的行業發展。

隨著全球碳中和壓力和公司內部對ESG的日益關注，企業或機構投資人正在轉向進入碳排放交易市場。在歐洲，碳權交易基金市場是過去一年表現最好的商品市場之一，僅次於木材。歐洲碳權價格在過去一年中漲了數倍，並創下歷史新高。下圖是國際知名KraneShares全球碳權ETF價格走勢。

既然世界各國已經陸續訂出碳中和的達標時間表，那麼完整的碳權交易市場框架，建構企業對於碳權供給與需求的平台，將可以促進整個碳權市場的交易效率以及價格透明度，最終達到碳中和的目標。

完整交易市場框架　有助於企業碳權買賣

國際碳權交易的合約規格，基本上分為兩種（Carbon Credit）類型，一是自願減排（VER），在非規範或自願市場中交換的碳抵減；二是經認證的減排（CER），通過監管框架創建的排放單位（或信用額度）。基於此兩大類碳權規格，所謂完整的碳權交易市場框架，必須包含三個層次的交易市場。

1、除碳（或碳抵消）現貨市場（Carbon Offset Spot Market Place）：主要目的是解決產業的碳權供需買賣、碳權國際認證問題及協助企業找到各種潔淨能源、技術資源等等。

2、碳衍生品交易市場（Carbon Derivative Exchange）：主要目的是碳權價格發現及投資機構（或企業）的避險需求。

3、數字化的綠色金融交易所（Digital Green Finance Exchange）：主要目的是容易進行跨國碳權買賣、加速碳權市場發行及交易效率、降低交易成本。

第一層是市場除碳（或碳抵消）現貨市場，例如北歐的Puro.Earth、新加坡今年5月剛成立的Climate Impact X（簡稱CIX）交易所，以及上海環境能源交易所，這三家交易所都屬於碳權現貨交易市場。首先我們來介紹Puro.Earth。

Puro.earth是世界上第一個提供工業除碳工具的市場，這些工具可通過開放的線上平台進行驗證和交易。該平台已經為一些世界領先的公司提供除碳服務，包括微軟和SEB（瑞典北歐斯安銀行）等等。

今年6月，美國那斯達克併購了這個除碳交易平台。那斯達克與Puro.earth的合作，將使全球企業能夠進入一個獨特的除碳市場，並使Puro.earth能夠通過那斯達克網路和技術平台，創建一個全球化、透明和經過認證的除碳現貨市場。

Puro.earth擁有嚴格的碳權驗證流程和驗證除碳方法的可信度，那斯達克將與 Puro.earth合作，通過建立一個由產業、學術界、買方和供應商代表組成的外部諮詢委員會，進一步加強對綠能與新除碳技術方法的檢驗。Puro.earth是世界上第一個專注於除碳的B2B市場。

至於Climate Impact X是一家由星展銀行、新加坡交易所、渣打銀行和淡馬錫聯合成立的碳權交易市場。Climate Impact X主要包含兩項服務功能，一是提供企業投資自然保育計畫；二是提供企業交易大規模高品質碳權的交易場所，該交易平台主要服務對象是跨國公司和機構投資人。

今年5月，新加坡金融管理局局長孟文能（Ravi Menon）在媒體表示，CIX有望解決東南亞「碳權交易市場分散」、「市場流動性低且碳權品質堪慮」的問題。

國家級碳權交易平台上路　中國進一步實現碳中和

第三家是近期開始交易標準化碳權合約的上海環境能源交易所。2021年7月7日，中國國務院常務會議審議決定7月擇機啟動中國碳排放權交易的標準交易合約。最後，中國國家級碳權交易平台於7月16日正式開市。

上海環境能源交易所在其官網上發文表示，根據生態環境部相關規定，碳排放權交易機構負責組織開展全國碳排放權集中統一交易。全國碳排放權交易機構成立前，由上海環境能源交易所承擔全國碳排放權交易系統帳戶開立和運行維護等具體工作。

中國為實現碳達峰、碳中和目標又邁出實質一步，此次選擇發電行業作為碳市場的優先實施行業，後續石化、化工、建材、鋼鐵、有色、造紙、航空等高排放行業亦將陸續跟進。

第二層市場是碳衍生品交易市場，例如那斯達克商品交易所（Commodities Traded on Nasdaq），這是那斯達克在北歐的單一金融能源市場。在2010年11月1日之前，它被稱為「北方池」（Nord Pool）。

「北方池」是歐盟最大的電力衍生品交易所，也是歐盟排放限額（EUAs）和全球認證減排（CER）交易的第二大交易所，這個交易所提供各類能源的衍生品交易，例如天然氣、潔淨綠能等等，主要提供企業及機構進行期貨、選擇權避險買賣。

第三層市場是數字化綠色金融交易所，例如持有新加坡合規交易所牌照的Cyberdyne Tech Exchange (CTX)。CTX是獲得新加坡金融管理局批准的牌照並受其管制的數位資產及綠色金融交易所。該交易所成立於2018年，為合格的資產所有者和機構投資人，提供全方位服務基礎設施，包括資產型及綠色金融產品通證的初次發行、二級交易、結算和托管。

總部位於新加坡的CTX交易所，其目標是成為全球綠色金融中心，以及成為第一家為發行商和投資者提供碳足跡揭露的交易所。就在5月份，CTX獲得了新加坡金融管理局批准的資本市場服務牌照，及認可市場運營商牌照。鏈聞媒體曾報導，CTX即將推出的資產支持代幣交易所，預計開啓其專有的碳中和代幣（CNTs）跨境交易。

世界主要先進工業生產大國，陸續訂出碳中和的具體實現目標及時間表，台灣在加速邁向碳中和的過程，必須考慮完善整體碳權交易市場框架，一次到位、具體佈署。產業、金融機構、碳資產管理公司、諮詢機構、主管機關、碳權監測機構共同合作，才能有效協助企業面對未來減碳的挑戰，以及達到碳中和甚至零排碳的目標！

完整內容請見：
https://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/183012/post/202108090001

♡

【2020 #國際氣候金融論壇 登場🌞】

由 #魔法部 與 #台灣綜合研究院 共同舉辦的
2020 國際氣候金融論壇
將在本月18到19號登場
#德🇩🇪 #法🇫🇷 #日🇯🇵 #澳🇦🇺 等國家的駐台高階官員
專家學者、企業及NGO代表
以實體會議搭配即時視訊連線方式
針對氣候金融相關議題交換意見
並期待能激盪出 #新綠色經濟政策
共同為 #後疫情時代 復甦經濟投入心力 ❤️

或許有人會問 🤔
氣候變遷與金融有關嗎? (單郎有啊!!!
其實對抗氣候變遷除了節能減碳
透過 #金融機制 將節能減碳概念
融入 #國家氣候行動
並投入資金幫助 #低度開發國家 #開發中國家
是對抗或降低氣候變遷影響
最直接且具效率的方式
而且目前已成為國際社會共識了喔!

我國已經在今年發布 『綠色金融行動方案2.0』 ♻️
希望透過金融機制
來引導企業和投資人重視環境議題
以達成我國減碳及永續發展目標
展現 #TaiwanCanHelp 的國際參與精神
同時為明年推動參與 #COP26 準備 💪🏻

有興趣的捧友們~
現在報名 👉🏻https://reurl.cc/7oNgmQ
論壇網頁 👉🏻https://reurl.cc/N6gk9x

#綠色金融行動方案
行政院環境保護署
金融監督管理委員會
German Institute Taipei 德國在台協會
日本台灣交流協會
澳洲駐台辦事處 Australian Office in Taipei
Bureau Français de Taipei - 法國在台協會

The 2020 International Climate Finance Forum, co-organized by MOFA and the Taiwan Research Institute, is set to take place from November 18-19. Officials, experts and business and NGO representatives from countries including #Germany, #France, #Japan and #Australia will take part either in person or virtually, in view of the continuing #COVID19 pandemic, to exchange views on #ClimateFinance in the hope of creating green economic policies to reinvigorate the economy in the #PostCovidEra.

If you’re thinking “What has #ClimateChange got to do with finance?," what you might not know is that as well as reducing energy consumption and carbon use, there is now a global consensus that climate finance mechanisms like capital injections can help least-developed and developing countries resist or reduce the impact of climate change.

This year, #Taiwan announced the Green Finance Action Plan 2.0. The government is working to reform the financial market and strengthen transparency in order to encourage investors and enterprises to meet the sustainable development goals, while keeping pace with the international community.
Register: https://reurl.cc/7oNgmQ
Agenda: https://reurl.cc/N6gk9x

#SDG7 #SDG8 #SDG13

New Renaissance can reform global nations peacefully and digitally

Your esteemed institution will dominate think tank industry with my 4 plans that surely will attract more donation and create New Renaissance to reform China, North Korea and global nations peacefully and create $30 trillion dollars new revenue annual. 4 plans and the new management science will speed global development with prosperity, peace and health for new civilization.

I would like to introduce new management science and technology before the 4 plans that everyone will have equal opportunity to contribute in community and play a role in decision making with direct democracy in order to regulate perceived disequilibrium in human civilization. New management science of direct democracy will not put cat and fish together that is the only way we can keep financial discipline and transparency. Direct democracy is not campaign in every 4 years. It is new life in ICT century. The new management system can sell itself due to the benefit is huge that will create New Renaissance for peace, health and prosperity.

We are so blessed and so lucky to live in ICT era that systematically reform is a matter of finger tips. Human thought and information can transfer so fast and so massive that can perform direct democracy easily with ICT platform. It can start with housing and facility management industry that global residents in housing communities can perform direct democracy to form a global trend of new politics and new management science. We can create equal opportunity in different agendas with ICT platform that will liberate global productivity and lift efficiency to create new revenue $30 trillion dollars in New Renaissance.

Most communities, cities and nations will enjoy the new infrastructure of cloud conference in ICT platform for new management system that can stop human ordeals in politics, finance, education, ecology and economy. New generation will live in prosperity, peace and health with new management science. China reformed in 1980’s with global synergy platform to lift economy tremendously. New Renaissance with new management science will reform global nations in economy, education, politics, ecology and other different agendas that we can cross barrier of time and space to explore new worlds. If we adopt the new management system of direct democracy, we shall live peacefully in New Renaissance that people will not snipe at police any more.

Your institution can lead global think tanks, communities, governments, and enterprises in New Renaissance. It not only will reform management system but also will increase 40% productivity globally that equal to lift $30 trillion dollars revenue annual plus to save resources wasted in mismanagement. Direct democracy is green management for global sustainable development.

ICT sponsors will donate $30 million dollars to the institution annual that can promote New Renaissance and create $3 trillion dollars revenue annual for ICT industry. ICT can fabricate new platform of cloud conference for direct democracy that can apply in housing and facility management industry globally before it can lift to city level, national level and UN level eventually.

A housing community is a small nation. Nation will change when communities change. Residents in housing communities will enjoy surfing new management system to solve unrest and create pleasant environment. New Renaissance will start in housing communities and lift to higher levels accordingly. It will be a project that sells itself and build 200 ICT platforms globally. Each platform will be at the size of Facebook.

Since we can trade stocks directly in NASDAQ, why can’t we use civil power directly in cloud government and cloud conference? Initially we can operate both cloud conference and reality conference synchronously like Dow Jones operating both cloud trading and floor trading. NASDAQ has never operated floor trading since establishment. Literally politics is like the stock exchange. We can trade without brokers in stock exchange as well as in politics.

Everyone has access to information that information can spread massively and quickly without limit of time and space. Global development is the task of how to apply with synergy ICT platform for human activities especially for the public affairs that can lift efficiency, productivity and revenue with new management system to achieve prosperity, peace and health globally.

I am glad to learn we pursue the same goal and we might choose the same approach when we find polluted air in China and India can spread to Japan, America and Europe at the speed of hundreds miles per hour along jet stream in 6 miles height. Particles in polluted air can damage human health as well as catalyze extreme weather globally. We can benefit or hurt consequently with all events happening on the Earth.

What if African will pollute air and water seriously like China and India have done? How soon the Earth will become uninhabitable? Our knowledge and experience convince us the global is a holistic life body. Development should prevent from damaging the holistic life body. We had to protect the holistic life body by all means with new ethics and new code of conduct for sustainable development. The best way to achieve the goal is to operate new management system on ICT platform globally that all people can contribute and play a role in decision making. Everyone can watch, report and maintain the health of the holistic life body in every corner of the Earth without limit of time and space.

New management system and ICT platforms rely on consistent electric power supply. We need to develop green energy as electric power industry is major factor of pollution and global warming. Most energy in nuclear power plant has been applied to heat up sea water and vaporize into the sky that can rise up temperature seriously. Green energy and green management undoubtedly are strong pillars to support sustainable development for the holistic life body.

With continuous high growth rate, Africa has become new engine to pull global economy. Walmart is landing in Lagos. Major manufacturing facilities moved to Africa like Japan Panasonic. Chinese companies have operated in Nigeria since 1980’s. I met chiefs of CCECC in 1982 when they started water bore hole contracts in Lagos and looked for railroads contracts.

Plan 1 is to construct river flow power plants combining irrigation canals in Nigeria with water flushing out of existing hydro generators to rotate river mills for additional 30,000 MW that equals to 20 nuclear power plants. It can irrigate farms for 30 million tons rice annual to improve food shortage and inconsistent power supply not mentioning to create huge employment. Plan 1 is a project of one stone for many birds.

A river generator can be installed in every 7 meters along irrigation canal with minimum water flow at 5 tons per second. 1 KM canal with slight slope at 0.3% can install 140 units of river flow generators at 15 KVA through 150 KVA each depending on water flow. 1 KM canal can equip 2 MW through 20 MW that 1,000 KM canal can install 2,000 MW through 20,000 MW.

In 1920’s Japanese engineer Yoichi Hatta built Wusanto Reservoir in Taiwan with irrigation canal 7,400 Km for rice farm of 145,000 hectares that could reap 3 times annual. Land, water and good weather are available in Nigeria that can develop farms of millions hectares with irrigation canals and river power plants. One hectare farm will produce rice 18 tons for 3 reaps annual.

Plan 1 can change Nigeria and Africa and benefit the global ecologically. USA and China compete in Nigeria and Africa very hard. China promoted railroads construction with loan at $6 billion dollars. IMF offered direct loan to governors at $3.2 billion dollars. I heard GE tried to involve in the railroads construction. Japan plans to invest $30 billion dollars in Africa. Employment, sufficient food and consistent power supply can support Nigeria to lead Africa nations to join the New Renaissance for global peace and sustainable development.

Dangote is an aggressive entrepreneur who might join us for Plan 1. He ranks 25 richest people and is nephew of my friend, Alh. Abdul Dantata. When I was in Nigeria, Abdul gave me his driver Alh. Uba who used to buy ice bars for young Aliko Dangote. Dongote cement can benefit since Plan 1 will need huge cement for river power plants and irrigation canal.

Dangote will donate generously if we can initiate Plan 1 with him and Nigeria president Buhari who is lack of convincing economy policy that a hot pot of food on fire becomes popular target of thieves. Buhari can use Nigerian agric bond to attract investors and complete Plan 1 if he can apply leverage properly. Global donors will support green energy industry in Nigeria if Buhari can show his determination. Good plan, advanced management and talent people will create hope and confidence for a nation and the world.

Plan 1 will attract $1 billion dollars donation and create annual revenue $10 trillion dollars in Africa. The core value of Plan 1 is by all means to prevent Africa from pollution and global warming like China and India. Eventually Plan 1 will attract investors to build river flow power plants with 700,000 MW globally that equal to 400 nuclear power plants. Irrigation canal will boom agric and housing communities synchronously that can develop new cities to attract investors and migrants for new economy in Nigeria and Africa.

European nations will collaborate to construct river power plants with irrigation canal for agric in Africa and in the Middle East to improve economy, ecology and peace. It can reduce refugees flooding into Europe like fleeces. Hopefully it will stop casualty drowned in the Mediterranean Sea.

Big waves attract great surfers. Great surfers can't attract big waves. Good leader can see the trend and keep right direction for delicate surf. I can see 4 trends are going to surge into big waves where we can approach for delicate surfs. New Renaissance will surge with ICT that can promote new platforms for communities, governments and public companies globally. The institution will rank as the 1st think tank in the world if leaders can find new trends of big waves and lead all teams to surf delicately.

Plan 2 is to reform China peacefully with 2 tactics that will turn China into a positive power for regional peace as well as free market for global enterprises. China market is still inaccessible to Facebook, media industry and many other sectors who are looking for tickets to China. They might join us if they learn our plan can benefit them hugely. Apple and Google have been tumbling in China from time to time. Donors from ICT industry and different sectors will donate $3 billion dollars for Plan 2 that will create $10 trillion dollars revenue annual.

Plan 2-1 is to reform China peacefully with platform of cloud conference in housing community management with direct democracy. It will support liberal leadership to emerge in China and open gate wider for global enterprises duly. How can we reform China into democracy when there is only one communist party? No matter one party or no party, residents in housing communities can use cloud conference to perform direct democracy that will create internal climate for liberal leadership.

Plan 2-2 is to mobilize people in global nations to carry out judiciary project in local courts and subvert the apex policy of China i.e. to occupy Taiwan. China has been lying that Taiwan is part of China and there is only one China. Most nations have tolerated Chinese lies for some benefit but lies can’t last forever when global people feel it is enough. Lie can’t never become the truth.

There are extreme groups against China in most nations. They can have suits in courts to win the verdict that Taiwan is not part of China and there are two China in the world. There is nothing wrong to have two China since there are two Congo and two Korea in UN. Nigeria is the only nation considers two China and accept Taiwan to register in the name of the Republic of China in Nigeria. The verdict surely will discredit leadership in Beijing and bring stronger impact than the South China Sea Arbitration has done. It will split leadership in Beijing and support emergence of liberal leadership.

Justice of speech is as important as freedom of speech. It is new trend in ICT century that human can solve global conflicts with judiciary power and public opinions instead of wars. Verdict of Plan 2-2 will become huge external power to shake dictatorship in Beijing that can collaborate with internal pressure from direct democracy in housing communities of Plan 2-1. Plan 2 will catalyze emergence of liberal leadership and lead China to join New Renaissance.

Plan 2 will reform China and North Korea with direct democracy and judiciary power peacefully that will attract $3 billion donation and create $10 trillion dollars revenue annual. Taiwan people can donate $1 billion dollars referring to Taiwan people donated $252 million dollars in 2011 for Japan tsunami.