關於 cost of nuclear power plant ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

美國現役核電廠中可能面臨提早關命運或是已經宣布確定要提早除役的核電廠所在地點分佈圖 (11/2018 Union of Concerned Scientists )

眼見為真，自己看清楚，這是美國現役核電廠中，已經確認要在運轉執照有效期限內就提早廢爐除役的反應爐，以及因為核安要求、不敷成本效益、市場競爭態勢轉變、環保顧慮、民眾抗爭等等綜合因素，進而被列為極可能也面臨提早關閉命運的核電廠的分佈位置圖。

特別值得注意的是，在整個美國西部，位於環太平洋火山地震帶通過，斷層遍佈的沿海地區，從華盛頓州、奧瑞岡州，到加州等三州人口最密集的都會區以及政治、經濟重心所在的區域，目前只有加州中部濱海的一座 Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant 仍然在運轉中，但是目前已經由加州政府、電廠經營業者、以及電廠所在地居民三方達成協議，確定要在2025年年終之前將兩座僅存的反應爐依序廢爐除役。

在此之前，整個西海岸地區，還有另一座位於南加州聖地牙哥郡北端的 San Onofre Power Plant 有兩座反應爐也曾經運轉發電，但是在2013年的六月份，San Onofre 的兩座反應爐都應為發生輻射蒸汽外洩的核安事故始終無法有效改善，因而被電廠經營者宣布提前廢爐除役，此後，整個加州就將廢核重心擺在中加州僅存的 Diablo Canyon核電廠之上，到了去年底，經過前述的三方協議，達成加州在2025全面廢核的目標，不僅是如此，實際上是從北邊與加拿大交界的華盛頓州一直到南邊與墨西哥交界的加州，整個美國西岸沿海地區實現廢核的目標。

美國西岸的華盛頓州除了有全球航空製造業巨擘波音公司之外，也是微軟、星巴克咖啡、好市多量販店的大型跨國企業的總部所在地，奧瑞岡州一向是以著重環保意識著稱的一個州，加州除了有全美第二大都會區洛杉磯，此外也是全美前十大都會區中的聖地牙哥、聖荷西（矽谷所在的舊金山灣區）的所在地。

加州更是美國所有五十個州當中，總體經濟產值最高的州。事實上，如果把加州單獨當成一個國家來看待，加州在2018年的全年GDP產值，可以排行全球第五大，甚至超越法國的全國GDP產值，僅次於美國（其他49州的加總）、中國、日本、德國。

事實上，美國加州已經在2018年九月份時正式通過立法，要在2025年時達成全州用電中，再生能源發電的占比必須達到50%，到了2030年，加州預計要達成以再生能源發電滿足全州60%的電力所需，加州將利用提升能源效率、智慧化電網、儲能電站、強化需求端管理等等多面向的配套方案，來搭配再生能源電力，滿足電力需求以及達成溫室效應氣體減排的氣候變遷調適目標。

美國其他49州目前也都有各自的提升再生能源發電占比方案，其中最讓人注目的就是孤懸在太平洋中央的夏威夷州，作為一個海島型獨立電網的夏威夷州已經立法通過，要在2045年達成100%用電來自再生能源發電的法定目標。

原始資料來源：

https://www.ucsusa.org/nucle…/cost-nuclear-power/retirements

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diablo_Canyon_Power_Plant

https://en.wikipedia.org/…/San_Onofre_Nuclear_Generating_St…

https://www.npr.org/…/california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-r…

♡

[政府違法扼殺民主, 讓世界再度看見台灣]
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事情已經鬧上國際, 中選會, 蔡英文政府, 你們還要對年輕生命的犧牲不聞不問嗎?!
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國際知名環保人士支持以核養綠, 聲援黃士修絕食要求政府依法行政
請蔡英文政府讓人民能公投決定自己想要的能源政策, 而不是政府黑箱決定執行非核家園, 結果只是讓台灣成為排碳家園, 空污家園, 漲價家園
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https://www.facebook.com/michael.shellenberger1/posts/10155378934741895
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Taiwanese Government Sparks Hunger Strike After Rejecting Signatures For Pro-Nuclear Referendum

This is urgent — please share!
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The Taiwanese government is being accused of violating election law after rejecting more than 24,000 signatures gathered by the former president and environmentalists seeking a popular vote on nuclear energy this November.

“I am not asking people to support nuclear power,” said a Shih-Hsiu Huang, 31, the co-founder of Nuclear Myth-Busters, who began a hunger strike in front of the government Central Election Commission (CEC) last Thursday after it rejected the signatures. “I am asking the Taiwanese government to let the people choose.”

In August, Taiwan’s former president, Ma Ying-jeou, endorsed the referendum and joined pro-nuclear environmentalists in the streets of Taipei to gather signatures, drawing new support for the initiative and triggering widespread media coverage.

"Opposing nuclear energy is now an outdated trend," Ma said. "What has become a trend is how to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide to tackle global warming."

The referendum on nuclear power could still qualify for the ballot. Organizers say they had delivered 315,000 signatures on September 6 — more than the 282,000 that the law required.

But the activists say that their odds declined when the government rejected an additional 24,000 signatures that they attempted to deliver on September 13.

“This is malfeasance,” said Tsung-Kuang Yeh, a professor of nuclear engineering at National Tsing Hua University. “First, they kept moving up the deadline — from September 14 to September 10 and then to September 6. Then, they rejected our signatures on September 13.”

Organizers say they delivered additional signatures to increase their chance of qualifying and were rejected on a technicality.

In a statement, the government commission said, “There is very little flexibility in each stage. To follow this stage-by-stage procedure, it is therefore not possible for the CEC to accept a second submittal.”

But Huang says a representative of the government told him by phone, which he video-recorded, on September 12, that she would accept the group’s additional signatures, and even told him which door in the building to enter in order to meet her.

“Twenty-four hours later the CEC changed its mind and slammed the door on us,” said Professor Yeh.

Huang said their signature-gathering benefited from widespread opposition to the current anti-nuclear government. With an approval rating of just 33% , President Tsai Ing-wen saw her popularity decline when half of all households suffered electricity outages last summer due, in part, to the nuclear phase-out.

The rejection of signatures wasn’t the first time Taiwan’s government took actions which the pro-nuclear activists say were designed to thwart their efforts.

Taiwanese law requires that petitioners have at least six months to gather signatures after delivering an initial 2,000 signatures in order to gain permission for the larger signature-gathering effort.

Though they delivered the initial signatures in March, the government only allowed signature-gathering to begin in July.

Solar & wind provide less than 5% of Taiwan’s electricity despite years of large government subsidies.EP

Nuclear power in Taiwan derives its support from environmentalists concerned about land use and climate change and from those concerned about the island-nation’s heavy dependence on energy imports. Taiwan imports 97% of its energy from abroad.

Solar and wind combined provide less than five percent of Taiwan’s electricity last year despite years of heavy government subsidies, while nuclear energy provided 13 percent — and would have provided 23% had Taiwan been operating all of its reactors.

Earlier this year the Tsai government approved a new coal plant, despite recent reports documenting 1,000 premature deaths annually from air pollution from Taiwanese coal plants.

Last October, the climate scientist James Hansen and dozens of other leading environmental scientists and scholars urged President Tsai (致蔡英文總統公開信中文翻譯) to return to nuclear. “Taiwan would need to build 617 solar farms the size of its largest proposed solar farm at a cost of $71 billion just to replace its nuclear reactors.”

Tuesday marks the 125th hour mark of the fast, and Yeh said Huang is becoming fatigued from lack of food. Another pro-nuclear leader, Yen-Peng Liao, said he would continue the fast if Huang is hospitalized.

“This hunger strike is not for myself and not for the public referendum,” said Huang, “it is for the democracy and the order of law in Taiwan.”

Electricity users are set to see a NT$5 (US$ 0.17) rise for every kilowatt-hour they consume in the future, given the averaged-out cost of building the fourth nuclear power plant and a government program to increase the use of green energy, Minister of Economic Affairs Minister Shen Jong-chin (沈榮津) said Monday.

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Other videos:
How Would You Escape North Korea? (The 7 Choices): https://youtu.be/6A0ZOkMDLw0
10 Things You Didn’t Know About FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR DISASTER: https://youtu.be/HpOG4WFKBZQ

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10 THINGS YOU DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT THE 2011 JAPANESE TSUNAMI & TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE
(TOHOKU DISASTER) 東北地方太平洋沖地震 (March 11th)

The most powerful earthquake ever recorded to have hit Japan. A 9.0 magnitude. This of course triggered a massive tsunami that wrecked the north eastern coastline.

Japan was simply not as prepared as they thought they were for such a disaster. If that wasn’t bad enough, there was a Level 7 nuclear emergency at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant comparable to Chernobyl.

1) Every 800 to 1100 Years

From analysing the Holocene sequence in the Sendai area, it’s known that sometime between 1000 BC and 500 BC, a massive tsunami-generating earthquake hit the area.

Then in 1 AD, it hit again.

Over 800 years later, The Sanriku Earthquake and Tsunami of 869, devastated the same area in and around Sendai.

That’s 3 events of similar type and magnitude in the same region all in the last 3000 years. This indicates a recurrence interval of 800 to 1100 years. We were due another one...

2) Antarctic Ice

Seismic waves increased the flow of the Whillans Ice Stream in Antarctica, which is essentially a moving ice river. Sea waves, having traveled 13,000 km broke icebergs the size of Manhattan off the Sulzberger Ice Shelf.

3) Planetary Changes

The Earth’s axis shifted by 10 to 25 cm, which changed the tilt of the planet and the length of a day-. That’s right; the redistribution of Earth’s mass shortened our day by almost two microseconds.

4) Costliest Natural Disaster

The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, $15 billion
The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks, $20.7 billion
Hurricane Katrina in 2005, $45 billion
The 2008 Sichuan Earthquake in China, $148 billion

The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan? Over $300 billion

5) Gaman

In Japan, immediately following the earthquake, there was a notable lack of disorder.

People remained calm despite having every right to freak out. They formed orderly lines outside supermarkets even though they were desperate for food. This act of civility is due to what the Japanese call, Gaman.

Gaman means to do one’s best in times of distress, to maintain self control and discipline. There is a national desire to see civility prevail, no matter the circumstances, even when one catastrophe piles onto another.

6) Yakuza Crime Syndicate

Members of the Yakuza, Japan’s organised crime syndicate, helped enforce order on the streets.

7) North Korean Assist

North Korea donated a $100,000 US to the Japanese Red Cross Society, and the late former leader Kim Jong-Il himself sent half a million dollars to Korean residents in Japan caught up in the disaster.

8) Celebrity Aid

All around the world, many celebrities privately donated to the relief effort, including Hikaru Utada, Gackt, AKB48, Girls’ Generation, Jackie Chan, Clint Eastwood, Sandra Bullock, Gwen Stefani, Shakira, Black Eyed Peas, My Chemical Romance, and Lady Gaga.

9) Ghost Passengers

Police have received hundreds of reports from people who have apparently seen ghosts in tsunami-devastated towns. Taxi drivers in particular have reported picking up ghost passengers.

10) Vindicated Mayor

Wamura became the mayor of Fudai, and in 1972, he started construction on a 15.5 meter floodgate. The total cost was 3.56 billion yen. Many residents as well as the village council felt a floodgate of that size was unnecessary. It was reckless spending from a foolish mayor.

The Tohoku tsunami destroying towns along the north eastern coast. Fudai, however, was spared. Wamura’s floodgate had prevented much of the water from coming in. He had saved the town that had doubted him.

Today, Kotaku Wamura is remembered as a hero, the saviour of Fudai.

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