關於 definitive host ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

［時事英文］疫情再爆發、進口鮭魚急下架

Sounds a bit fishy?

*fishy 一可指魚腥味的、魚味的，也指可疑的、虛假的。

https://bit.ly/2YBtRDi

EDIT: 看來這一篇很受歡迎，需要錄音檔的同學請留言「This story smells fishy! 」。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

《FTV》報導：

After four days of new COVID-19 cases emerging in China's capital, Beijing Municipal government has announced lockdown measures for dozens of urban communities. On Sunday, 36 new cases were diagnosed in the city, as well as three more in Hebei, linked to visits to Beijing. The center of the latest outbreak is a wet market, where it's believed contaminated fish may have been part of the chain of transmission.

1. new COVID-19 cases 新一波新冠肺炎
2. emerge (v.) 出現，浮現；露出
3. lockdown measures 封鎖措施
4. urban communities 都市社區
5. be diagnosed 被診斷出
6. a wet market 生鮮市場
7. contaminated fish 被汙染的魚貨
8. the chain of transmission 傳播鏈

北京連續4天爆出新的新冠肺炎本土病例，北京市政府已對數十個都市社區宣布進行封鎖措施。14日再添36人確診，河北也有3例本土病例，都是北京患者的密切接觸者。新的疫情原爆點是一個生鮮市場，據信被汙染的魚貨可能是傳播鏈的一部分。

★★★★★★★

Beijing’s municipal government has locked down 11 high-risk communities surrounding the market at the center of the outbreak, barring outsiders from entry. In another area of the city, confirmed COVID cases have been linked to Yuquandong Market. On Monday, 10 communities surrounding Yuquandong were told to adopt lockdown-like measures.

9. lock down (v.) ; lockdown (n.) 封鎖、封閉
10. the center of the outbreak 疫情原爆點
11. bar someone from entry 禁止某人進入
12. confirmed cases 確診案例
13. be linked to 與…相連結 (此指相關、有接觸)
14. adopt measures 採取措施

北京市政府也決定封閉疫情原爆點市場周邊的11個高風險社區，日前已經禁止外部人員進入。另一區的玉泉東市場也因為發現多起病例，周邊10個社區，15號也被要求採取封閉式管理。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Yang Peng，expert from Beijing Center for Disease Control, said that “through whole genome sequencing, we know this virus strain comes from Europe.”

Beijing residents have been alarmed by media reports claiming coronavirus particles were found on a board used to chop salmon in the market at the center of the new outbreak. But Taiwanese infectious disease expert Huang Li-min黃立民 says salmon is probably not a potential COVID-19 host. Humans are the likely source of the contagion.

15. genome sequencing 基因組測序
16. virus strain 病毒類型、品種
17. be alarmed by 受某事物驚嚇（或困擾）
18. media reports 媒體報導
19. coronavirus particle 新冠病毒微粒
20. a potential host 潛在宿主
21. a likely source 可能來源
22. contagion 接觸傳染

北京疾控中心專家楊鵬表示: “這個病毒經過全基因組測序，是從歐洲方向來的這樣一個病毒。”

北京當地居民因媒體的報道引發恐慌，報導宣稱新發地市場，專切鮭魚的砧板上被驗出新冠病毒。不過台灣傳染病專家黃立民表示，鮭魚可能並不是武漢肺炎的潛在宿主，感染源來自人的可能性較高。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Dr. Huang Li-min
Infectious Diseases Society of Taiwan

People in the market were infected and they have contaminated the foodstuffs. The transmission is probably a mixture of contaminated food and human-to-human transmission. They need to work out where that salmon was sold to. It won’t have been sold to just one market. The distributors should go out and check if the salmon sold to the other places is also contaminated. What’s more likely though is that someone came into the market with the virus. There’s no evidence at the moment about whether fish can be infected or not. It’s pointing toward probably not. But before we have further evidence, I can’t make a definitive statement.

Huang thinks you probably can’t catch COVID-19 from fish, especially because they’re cold-blooded. But with research on the virus still in its infancy, few doctors dare say for sure how it behaves.

23. a mixture of 混合體*
24. human-to-human transmission 人傳人
25. it is more likely that… …是更有可能的
26. point toward 指向、傾向
27. further evidence 進一步的證據
28. a definitive statement 最終斷言
29. be in its infancy 在初期，在早期
30. dare to say 敢說

*To some, a "mixture" implies a more thorough blending than "combination," where the different things are brought together but still retain some of their original identity.

台大兒童感染科主任黃立民

“市場裡面有人被感染，其實汙染到食材，整個傳播一部分可能來自食材、一部分來自人跟人的接觸。要區辨看那批鮭魚賣到幾個地方去，因為鮭魚不會只賣一個市場，應該有中盤下來，看其他地方的鮭魚有沒有問題。比較可能的是，有感染者進入市場。魚會不會被感染，目前沒有證據，傾向於認為不會，不過沒有更進一步證據前，不敢講得百分百。”

黃主任目前傾向新冠肺炎無法魚傳人，尤其魚類是變溫動物，人類是恒溫動物，病毒很難穿行在不同溫度的動物中。但關於新冠病毒的研究仍在初期，很少有人能斷言病毒如何運作。

完整報導: https://bit.ly/3d9NgR9

圖片來源: https://bit.ly/3d8lO6i

★★★★★★★★★★★★

May everyone involved quickly find the source for the sake of people everywhere.

願所有與此疫情相關的人都能快點找到源頭，以確保所有人的安全。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

更多「 fishy」報導:

https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1191462.shtml

https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-06-14/Off-the-shelves-in-Beijing-is-salmon-guilty-of-spreading-coronavirus--Rj33sh4b8Q/index.html

https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200615003329-260405?chdtv

https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/coronavirus-outbreak-china-who-1.5612838

https://englishnews.ftv.com.tw/Read.aspx?sno=179D07F49EB2993AAEEA2CE06AE4ECF2

★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
時事英文講義：https://bit.ly/2XmRYXc
　
時事英文大全：http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
　
如何使用「時事英文」：https://bit.ly/3a9rr38

#SmellsFishy

★★★★★★★★★★★★

填問卷拿我們的【新聞英文-Marketing & Influencers 補充包】
https://bit.ly/2YJPZvb

We’re proud to partner with Chronicle Books in celebrating Jim Marshall: Show Me the Picture, the definitive collection of Jim Marshall Photography LLC’s legendary work. Click the link below to pre-order a copy and register for the Leica Store San Francisco’s 8/22 book launch event—including a live band, cocktails, and a display of Jim's photography and Leica cameras! http://bit.ly/JimMarshallEvent

#LeicaCameraUSA

《Corpse Party Book of Shadows》and《Corpse Party Blood Drive》are coming to PC, and the previously Japan-only《Corpse Party Sweet Sachiko’s Hysteric Birthday Bash》will be localized for PC alongside the upcoming《Corpse Party 2 Dead Patient》, publisher XSEED Games announced.

The PC version of《Corpse Party Book of Shadows》will launch on October 29, followed by《Corpse Party 2 Dead Patient》and《Corpse Party Sweet Sachiko’s Hysteric Birthday Bash》this winter, and《Corpse Party Blood Drive》shortly after. 《Corpse Party 2 Dead Patient》was previously planned for release this fall.

Here is an overview of each game：
《Corpse Party Book of Shadows》
Originally released for PSP in Japan in September 2001, followed by North America and Europe in January 2013. An iOS version was released in Japan December 2013.

《Corpse Party Book of Shadows》serves as the follow-up to 2011’s critically acclaimed, cult hit horror title, Corpse Party. A horrifying blend of adventure gameplay and visual-novel style presentation,《Corpse Party Book of Shadows》tells a series of short stories that help develop many of the characters introduced in the first game and even explores some hypothetical scenarios, answering those “What if they survived?” questions. The game was developed and published by 5pb in Japan, with supervision and input from original《Corpse Praty》developer Team GrisGris.

In《Corpse Party Book of Shadows》, players will be given an opportunity to change the fates of the game’s characters – for better, or, in classic Corpse Party fashion, for worse. Despite the apparent benefit of knowing the first game’s events, players should not expect to have all the answers, and at times will find themselves asking if the destiny of these unfortunate souls can truly be altered. Once again, “wrong ends” lurk around nearly every corner, amplified by binaural 3D audio effects when headphones are used and the chilling original Japanese voice track.

Gameplay in《Corpse Party Book of Shadows》takes players on a more personal tour of Heavenly Host, with a point-and-click, adventure-style first-person perspective. As the terror level rises for individual characters, the unique “darkening” system will slowly distort the game’s visuals and alter the students’ decision-making abilities. “Wrong ends”, while just as horrific, come with fewer consequences this time around, as players can save anywhere and fast-forward through events they’ve already seen in order to expedite the process of achieving each scenario’s true ending.

《Corpse Party Blood Drive》
Originally released for PS Vita in Japan in July 2014, followed by North America and Europe in October 2015. An iOS and Android version was released in North America and Japan in February 2017.

The final installment of the supernatural story that began with《Corpse Party》and continued in《Corpse Party Book of Shadows》,《Corpse Party Blood Drive》 ups the ante by allowing players to explore Heavenly Host Elementary in full 3D for the first time, with all of its formerly 2D environments meticulously recreated and greatly expanded. New gameplay systems provide more exciting interactions for players experiencing the gruesome finale to this tale of an inescapable, otherworldly school populated by vengeful spirits, including a dynamic lighting system aided by an in-game flashlight, talismans to protect the player characters from danger, deadly traps to disarm, cabinets to hide in, a stamina system that allows for limited dashing, and much more.

Furthermore, Blood Drive — once again presented with the original Japanese voiceovers for authenticity — features the return of previously offered gameplay elements such as binaural 3D audio for simulated surround sound and the screen-altering “Darkening” system, as well as bonus unlockables such as voice actor interviews, art, music, and more. Boasting 11 huge story chapters and 8 supplemental “Extra Chapters,” Corpse Party: Blood Drive caps off the Heavenly Host storyline in a big way, providing answers and shocking twists in equal measure.

《Corpse Party Sweet Sachiko’s Hysteric Birthday Bash》
Originally released for PSP in Japan in August 2012.

《Corpse Party Sweet Sachiko’s Hysteric Birthday Bash》is a romantic comedy spin-off of the Corpse Party series. In it, series antagonist Sachiko Shinozaki, who ruthlessly murdered countless students and superiors in previous games, throws herself a birthday party. Her guests include her previous victims, who are put through various activities for her amusement.

《Corpse Party 2 Dead Patient》
Originally released for PC in Japan in May 2013, followed by a powered-up version on the new “KENIX Engine NEUES” in October 2017.

【About】
The nightmare has returned five years after the events of Corpse Party: Blood Drive with an average junior high school student, Ayame Itou, suddenly finding her life turned upside down in the most unsettling way possible. Upon waking from a coma strapped to an operating table in a ransacked and seemingly abandoned hospital called “Amare Patriarcha Crucis,” Ayame realizes she’s locked in without any means of escape and with virtually no memories of her past. She is, however, not quite as alone as she first thought. Others occupy the mysterious hospital, but whether they are friend or foe remains to be discovered. Remains to be discovered…

《Corpse Party 2 Dead Patient》takes players on a dark and mysterious journey with Ayame and any other friendly faces she can find. Through the deserted halls of Amare Patriarcha Crucis, the party will solve inventory-based puzzles, collect medical charts of deceased patients, and avoid terrifying zombie-like pursuers in order to find much-needed answers, as well as—hopefully—a way out. Titled《Corpse Party 2 Dead Patient NEUES》in Japan,《Corpse Party 2 Dead Patient》is the definitive version of Dead Patient with updated graphics and additional scenarios.《Corpse Party 2 Dead Patient》exists as a standalone story within the《Corpse Party》series, allowing players to jump in regardless of their experience with past titles.

【Key Features】
■ Brand New Setting, Same Creepy Atmosphere: This time it’s not an otherworldly elementary school, but a quarantined hospital full of bloodthirsty zombies, supernatural monsters, and scornful shades.

■ Unique Cast with Some Familiar Names: Features an all new set of dramatis personae, yet still rewards series fans by tying back into the Heavenly Host arc with a few familiar names.

■ More Interactive Environment than Ever Before: Items can be equipped and used directly on the environment to solve puzzles, or held and used in protagonist Ayame’s hands for a variety of purposes. Ayame can also hide in cabinets to evade foes.

■ Original Indie Team’s Return to PC: The same team responsible for the 2008 Windows PC edition of Corpse Party is back! Features top-down 3D graphics with dynamic lighting, 360° control, emotional Japanese voice-acting, and one of series composer Mao Hamamoto’s moodiest soundtracks to date.

Read more at：
https://gematsu.com/…/corpse-party-book-of-shadows-and-bloo…