Oxford Dictionaries declares ‘climate emergency’ the word of 2019
Oxford Dictionaries has declared “climate emergency” the word of the year for 2019, following a hundred-fold ( ) increase in usage that it says demonstrated a “greater immediacy ( )” in the way we talk about the climate.
Defined as “a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt ( ) climate change and avoid potentially irreversible ( ) environmental damage resulting from it,” Oxford said the words soared ( ) from “relative obscurity ( )” to “one of the most prominent ( ) — and prominently debated — terms of 2019.”
According to the dictionary’s data, usage of “climate emergency” soared 10,796 percent.
Oxford said the choice was reflective ( ) of the rise in climate awareness, with the focus specifically on the language we use to discuss it. The rise of “climate emergency” reflected a conscious ( ) push toward language of immediacy and urgency, the dictionary said.
In May, the Guardian updated its style guide to clarify that “climate emergency” or “global heating” would be favored ( ) over “climate change” or “global warming” (although the original terms are not banned) to better reflect the scientific consensus ( ) that this was “a catastrophe for humanity.”
Hundreds of cities, towns and even countries have also declared “climate emergencies” during 2019 — from Scotland in April and the UK parliament ( ) in May to Canada, France and the city of Sydney in Australia.
“In 2018, climate did not feature ( ) in the top words typically used to modify emergency; instead, the top types of emergencies people wrote about were health, hospital, and family emergencies,” the selection panel ( ) said.
“But with climate emergency, we see something new, an extension ( ) of emergency to the global level.”
And for those protesting that “climate emergency” is two words, as the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s resident ( ) linguist explained in 2017, single words can consist of ( ) two parts.
Such multipart constructions, like “heart attack,” “man-of-war” or the 2017 American Dialect Society word of the year “fake news,” are commonly accepted by linguists as words.
“Climate emergency” beat the words “climate crisis,” “climate action,” “climate denial,” “extinction,” “flight shame,” “global heating” and “plant-based,” which were on the shortlist ( ).
The dictionary’s word of the year is chosen to “reflect the ethos ( ), mood, or preoccupations ( ) of the passing year” and should have “lasting potential as a term of cultural significance.”
“In 2019, climate emergency surpassed ( ) all of those other types of emergency to become the most written about emergency by a huge margin ( ), with over three times the usage frequency of health, the second-ranking word,” Oxford said.
Previous choices for word of the year include “toxic” in 2018 and “youthquake” in 2017.
「氣候緊急狀態」獲選為牛津字典二○一九年度詞彙
牛津字典宣布,二○一九年的年度詞彙為「climate emergency」(氣候緊急狀態),該詞的使用次數較之前增加了一百倍,顯示我們談論氣候時有「更大的急迫性」。
牛津字典將「climate emergency」定義為「需要採取緊急行動來應對的狀況,以減低或阻止氣候變化,避免其可能造成之不可逆轉的環境破壞」,該詞由「相對冷僻」躍升成為「二○一九年最突出及討論度最高的詞彙」。
根據牛津字典的數據,「climate emergency」的使用次數暴增了百分之一萬零七百九十六。
牛津字典表示,選擇該詞不僅是反映氣候意識的抬頭,所著重的更是我們討論它時所用的語言;「climate emergency」一詞的興起,反映了語言朝向立即性和緊迫性的有意識推進。
英國《衛報》在五月更新了格式手冊,說明應優先選擇「climate emergency」或「global heating」(全球熱化)這些詞彙,而非原本的「climate change」(氣候變化)或「global warming」(全球暖化)(雖然這些術語並未禁用),以便更能夠反映科學上的共識──這是「a catastrophe for humanity」(人類的災難)。
在二○一九年,有數百個城市、城鎮甚至國家宣布進入「氣候緊急狀態」──蘇格蘭在四月、英國議會在五月,還有加拿大、法國乃至澳洲的雪梨市。
詞彙評選小組表示:「二○一八年,『climate』一字通常並不用來修飾『emergency』這個字。人們用來修飾『emergency』的字主要是「health」(健康)、「hospital」(醫院)和「family」(家庭)」。
#高雄人 #學習英文 請找 #多益達人林立英文
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#時事英文
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Oxford Dictionaries declares ‘climate emergency’ the word of 2019
Oxford Dictionaries has declared “climate emergency” the word of the year for 2019, following a hundred-fold ( ) increase in usage that it says demonstrated a “greater immediacy ( )” in the way we talk about the climate.
Defined as “a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt ( ) climate change and avoid potentially irreversible ( ) environmental damage resulting from ( ) it,” Oxford said the words soared ( ) from “relative obscurity ( )” to “one of the most prominent ( ) — and prominently debated — terms ( ) of 2019.”
According to the dictionary’s data, usage of “climate emergency” soared 10,796 percent.
Oxford said the choice was reflective of the rise in climate awareness, with the focus specifically on the language we use to discuss it. The rise of “climate emergency” reflected a conscious push toward language of immediacy and urgency, the dictionary said.
In May, the Guardian updated its style guide to clarify that “climate emergency” or “global heating” would be favored ( ) over “climate change” or “global warming” (although the original terms are not banned) to better reflect the scientific consensus ( ) that this was “a catastrophe for humanity.”
Hundreds of cities, towns and even countries have also declared “climate emergencies” during 2019 — from Scotland in April and the UK parliament in May to Canada, France and the city of Sydney in Australia.
“In 2018, climate did not feature in the top words typically used to modify emergency, instead the top types of emergencies people wrote about were health, hospital, and family emergencies,” the selection panel said.
“But with climate emergency, we see something new, an extension of emergency to the global level.”
And for those protesting that “climate emergency” is two words, as the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s resident linguist explained in 2017, single words can consist of two parts.
Such multipart constructions, like “heart attack,” “man-of-war” or the 2017 American Dialect Society word of the year “fake news,” are commonly accepted by linguists as words.
“Climate emergency” beat the words “climate crisis,” “climate action,” “climate denial,” “extinction,” “flight shame,” “global heating” and “plant-based,” which were on the shortlist.
The dictionary’s word of the year is chosen to “reflect the ethos, mood, or preoccupations of the passing year” and should have “lasting potential as a term of cultural significance.”
“In 2019, climate emergency surpassed all of those other types of emergency to become the most written about emergency by a huge margin, with over three times the usage frequency of health, the second-ranking word,” Oxford said.
Previous choices for word of the year include “toxic” in 2018 and “youthquake” in 2017.
牛津字典二○一九年度詞彙:「氣候緊急狀態」
牛津字典宣布,二○一九年的年度詞彙為「climate emergency」(氣候緊急狀態),該詞的使用次數較之前增加了一百倍,顯示我們談論氣候時有「更大的急迫性」。
牛津字典將「climate emergency」定義為「需要採取緊急行動來應對的狀況,以減低或阻止氣候變化,避免其可能造成之不可逆轉的環境破壞」,該詞由「相對冷僻」躍升成為「二○一九年最突出及討論度最高的詞彙」。
根據牛津字典的數據,「climate emergency」的使用次數暴增了百分之一萬零七百九十六。
牛津字典表示,選擇該詞不僅是反映氣候意識的抬頭,所著重的更是我們討論它時所用的語言;「climate emergency」一詞的興起,反映了語言朝向立即性和緊迫性的有意識推進。
英國《衛報》在五月更新了格式手冊,說明應優先選擇「climate emergency」或「global heating」(全球熱化)這些詞彙,而非原本的「climate change」(氣候變化)或「global warming」(全球暖化)(雖然這些術語並未禁用),以便更能夠反映科學上的共識──這是「a catastrophe for humanity」(人類的災難)。
在二○一九年,有數百個城市、城鎮甚至國家宣布進入「氣候緊急狀態」──蘇格蘭在四月、英國議會在五月,還有加拿大、法國乃至澳洲的雪梨市。
詞彙評選小組表示:「二○一八年,『climate』一字通常並不用來修飾『emergency』這個字。人們用來修飾『emergency』的字主要是「health」(健康)、「hospital」(醫院)和「family」(家庭)」。
#高雄人 #學習英文 請找 #多益達人林立英文
#高中英文 #成人英文
#多益家教班 #商用英文
#國立大學外國語文學系講師
#時事英文
feature oxford dictionary 在 謙預 Qianyu.sg Facebook 的精選貼文
[ MY JOURNEY OF MASTERING METAPHYSICS II ]
If you have been thinking of learning Chinese Metaphysics 玄學, I need to be honest with you.
Training to be a competent Metaphysics practitioner is not for the weak-minded, or those in for a quick buck.
Sorry for bursting your bubble of fallacies.
You can choose to specialize in one or a few genres. If you have a very brilliant and dedicated Shifu as your teacher, you are expected to be competent in many areas. And I mean, M-A-N-Y.
When I was about 13 years old, I came up with this game of adding up the numbers in a car plate. So in the many car rides I had with my younger sister, we would be competing to see who got the answer first, of any car that passed us by.
I always have an edge over her, being five years older. It takes me only two seconds or less to get the total sum of four random numbers.
I now think that was Divine Intervention preparing me for my inevitable future.
During my painful training as a Metaphysics practitioner, my mental dexterity was stretched wider than capabilities of the Elastic Girl. The homework was endless. The pressure was forever mounting.
In my bookshelves, I have easily 200 or more books on Metaphysics and Buddhism, mainly from Taiwan and Hong Kong. 90% are read. 70% of them are read more than once. Or even thrice.
Shifu believes that an able practitioner is one who has many real-life experiences, not just from reading books.
For starters, he wanted us to go out there and with whatever knowledge we have at that time, consult people for free and solve their problems. Master that ability to read people as if they are naked, so that they don't need to tell you their Bazi or Chinese names, and you would know their past, present and future.
When you can read a person very well, you can already read their living environments, without being physically there. Hence the saying, 人如其屋,屋如其人.
I now take about 10 seconds to read a person completely inside out. But Shifu does it in a split second. #姜還是老的辣 #oldgingeristhespiciest
My early years of training were very harsh.
When I go for my flight, during those long lull periods, I have to talk to a colleague, be it my junior or senior, about Metaphysics. It usually starts off with me analyzing my colleague's Chinese name and the conversation will flow from there. Love life problems, career choices, children issues, etc. Sure there were many awkward starts, embarrassing pauses but these interactions sure honed my skills and confidence fast.
When we dine at a restaurant, right after the waitress takes our order and leaves Shifu would turn round and ask us, so what is the most distinguishable feature on the waitress' face? What problem is she facing now? What does that mole on her face signify?
Insert *Blank looks all round the table.*
Got mole meh?
One of our most memorable impromptu training comes from cab rides. Taxi drivers are notorious for being opinionated, especially the older ones. Learning how to talk to them about Metaphysics and Buddhism was a nerve-zapping challenge for many of us.
If we shun away, we get scolded by Shifu. And gentle isn't exactly an adjective you would use to describe his chiding.
If we have the courage of a lion, as novices at that time, we fall short in the confidence and knowledge department, and the conversation usually ends with the taxi driver having the final (wrong) say.
Insert *bang head against wall*.
Once, we were at Uniqlo Suntec. Shifu wanted us to go up and advised the mother of a young male teenager, about a particular facial feature he has.
The mother was none other than Pan Lingling. She was at the store together with Rebecca Lim, Belinda Lin, Chew Chor Meng, Chen Han Wei, her husband and her son. Intimidated by their celebritity status, my Dharma Brother shook his head and did not dare to approach them.
I took a deep breath, walked up to the group and said what I should, pretending that I did not know who they were. Turned out that another practitioner had once told Pan Lingling about her son's feature too. #gladItried
It wasn't lead conversion that Shifu wanted us to learn. It was the willingness to help people and the guts to stand by the ancient knowledge of our sages, that Shifu hopes for us to master. A good doctor will never back away from treating a patient, just because the patient is very famous, right?
I used to write many lengthy Bazi reports, using the Bazi of famous people and people around me as case studies. I wrote countless reports analyzing Chinese names of people I know and people I don't know.
None of my reports passed Shifu's scrutiny on the first round. So there were often many, many, many rounds of correction...
I used to spend many late nights poring through the modern Chinese dictionary and the Kang Xi Chinese dictionary, coming up with suitable Chinese names for a fictitious Bazi. I figured it is that kind of nightmare that will wake me up if one day I slip into a coma.
I had to learn to write in traditional Chinese, as the art of 姓名學 Name Analysis is built on the foundation of traditional Chinese characters, not the simplified form that we are writing now.
The first time I wrote a 2-pager in traditional Chinese, it took me four hours.
I have sat in for hundreds and hundreds of Bazi consultations and Feng Shui audits.
Every time Shifu finished a Feng Shui audit or any consultation, we have to tell him what we had learn from the audit and explain why he did what he did. Without looking at our notes. Eloquence, memory power and solution suitability are the key points he is looking for. If any one of us screws up, never mind, just go home and write a report, detailing everything. 😱😱😱
Formulas for Bazi and Feng Shui (Yin House and Yang House) to memorize run as long, if not longer, as the Oxford Dictionary.
What I have shared is probably only 30% of what I had gone through as a Metaphysics apprentice.
Is it easy to learn to be a Chinese Metaphysics practitioner?
That depends on what caliber you aim to be.
To be continued.