新書《資本思維的瘋狂矛盾: 大衛哈維新解馬克思與資本論》(Marx, Capital and the Madness of Economic Reason)翻譯初窺
看蘇正隆先生談翻譯字數計酬的事,想到最近發現的一個極端例子。
最近出版的David Harvey新書中譯《資本思維的瘋狂矛盾》,譯者認真寫了譯序談他的翻譯手法,看到這是位沒聽過的新進譯者,感覺新鮮也充滿期待,於是好奇上網試讀。看了序文約40%內容的英文和中譯,頭一大印象是:行文實在太過累贅。於是難得雞婆算了算字數,發現其中譯字數是英文原文的2.27倍,是罕見的超高比例,難怪讀起來有累贅感,我認為英譯中的中文除以英文字數比例若在1.8--2.05,屬正常範圍,蘇先生所說的1.66倍,應該極為罕見,或許屬於意思從簡或不怕用文言的那種中譯。
如果行文累贅,但翻譯忠實精準,出版社付錢開心,讀者受益,對這種個人風格,我便無從置喙。不過這位譯者更大的問題是:彷彿只是拿原文當參考,重新寫作,內容多有不甚精準和超譯處,小地方如daily變成「無所不在」,再來如incomplete變成「未完成」,對做一件事obsessed變成「對自己的工作深深『著迷』」,intricate arguments變成「嚴謹」,還有where the imposing figure of Hegel dominates backed up by Spinoza, Kant and a host of other thinkers這半句的意思,黑格爾變成「最後的集大成者」,再舉序文第二段最後一整句話為例:
// Add the French socialist thinkers, such as Saint-Simon, Fourier, Proudhon and Cabet into the mix, and the huge canvas upon which Marx sought to construct his oeuvre becomes intimidatingly apparent. // (30字)
原譯:
// 除此之外,構成馬克思理論支柱的還有法國社會主義思想,這個學說的代表有聖西門、傅立葉、普魯東以及卡貝等人。將這些思想流派兜在一起,似乎可以窺見一點馬克思鉅著的端倪了。// (82字 / 30 = 2.73)
單單這句,字數比高達2.73,因為譯者喜歡這樣加添一些文字:
構成馬克思理論支柱的還有……
似乎可以窺見一點……
難怪造成字數比例大大超標。原文intimidatingly apparent翻譯後apparent竟變成意思相反的「窺見一點端倪」。而用了那麼多字,偏偏intimidatingly意思卻不見了,canvas的比喻也沒了。所以說簡直不是在翻譯了。
David Harvey此書序文,英文簡明易懂,翻譯卻過度自由揮灑,變成像在寫作自己的文章,正文的翻譯,能否忠實準確少誤地呈現作者說的話而不加油添醋,讓人不抱太大希望。
此句試改譯:
再加上聖西門、傅立葉、普魯東以及卡貝等法國社會主義思想家,馬克思創作鉅著的畫布規模之宏大,便昭然而可畏。
(52字 / 30 = 1.73)
從這個小例子可見,要達到1.73這樣低的中文字數比例,又不過分減省重要意思(此處省去了無關緊要的sought to),是無法不使用一點文言的,以單字或頂多雙字詞取代很多譯者偏愛的四字語(四字比二字多賺一倍嘛)。完全使用白話文,如果能控制在不超過2.0,已屬難得。
我同意蘇先生的看法,認為翻譯酬勞應該以原文的字數計算,不要變相鼓勵行文風格繁冗的譯文。這位字數2.27倍的譯者(根據40%的序文採樣),按照現行按譯文字數計算的行規估計,酬勞比1.8--2.0倍的簡明譯者多了14%--26%。
——————
6/14 後記
有人認爲我的改譯也值得商榷,提出另一個改譯,在這裡回應。關於畫布和成品的差別,相信別人也有同樣的疑問。
引述:
// 既然說到canvas為比喻,沒可能又用畫布,畫布只是原材料,並非成為作品的油畫,這裡可以用「油畫」,或者用意譯「畫面」。另外,mix的較重要意思沒有了,當然也不得不用多幾個字。
我的譯法:「……馬克思再將聖西門、傳立葉、普魯東以及卡貝等法國社會主義思想家的思想融會在一起,構成了他鉅著的宏大畫面,顯然令人望而生畏。」 //
回應:
這句話,Harvey所讚歎、敬畏的,是馬克思構成鉅著的理論思想基礎(用空白的油畫布作比喻)有多麼廣大、巨大(the huge canvas ... became intimidatingly obvious),obvious是主詞補語,形容主詞canvas,完全沒有說他完成的作品(用油畫、畫作、畫面作比喻)如何,改canvas為「畫面」(painting/picture……,使用任何暗示畫作已經完成的字眼),就誤解了這英文,已非意譯了。
再來,「顯然令人望而生畏」也偏了,這樣寫,「顯然」(obviously)修飾「令人望而生畏」,但原意obvious是說The huge canvas is obvious. (巨大的畫布是顯而易見的 / 畫布顯然巨大),且「顯見畫布巨大」這事,令人生畏(intimidatingly obvious)。
如果堅持不要用「畫布」,或許可用「版面」,這倒還好,版面並未暗示已有成品出現,僅指規模範圍。紐馬克說,如果偏離直譯,最好有語義上的好理由。假如中文無法以畫布大小比喻創作規模,就可能是個好理由,但事實不然。
翻譯必然要基於從原文字義以及語法、句構兩方面來正確理解原意,缺一不可。在這個基礎上,譯者行文風格利落還是繁冗,是他的自由。
6/14 補充:
為免被誤會我因同時提到字數和內容兩件事,便是在暗示這位譯者刻意多寫幾個字以便多賺點譯酬,補充說明:
我認爲這譯者沒有刻意膨脹譯文的動機,他所寫恰是他的風格、是他所以為的翻譯的正當做法,累贅只是碰巧的結果。我前面已說了,字多不是此書翻譯的主要問題。
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過4萬的網紅VŨ TÂM - Lang Thang Vietnam,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Con Dao Islands, Travel Vietnam | Gopro Ủng hộ kênh bằng cách bấm ĐĂNG KÝ nhé các bạn! https://www.facebook.com/vutamvlc Con Dao is an archipelago off...
french socialist 在 周維頤 周圍移 MovingChow Facebook 的最讚貼文
🇻🇳Outside of Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum there writes:
THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM WILL HOLD! GREAT PRESIDENT HO CHI MINH LIVES FOREVER IN OUR CAREER!
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Although many people thinks communism = no freedom, the original ideology wasn't so. On Uncle Ho's mausoleum, there wrote a line translated "Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom". Socialism was an ideal utopia that can help people breaking away form colonial rule, which stripped their freedom away.
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Vietnam takes pride on its very first president - Ho Chi-Minh (aka Uncle Ho). Being the voice for Vietnamese Independence from French colonial rule, he's probably the most important person in contemporary Vietnam history, and is still utterly popular amongst Vietnamese civilians nowadays.
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Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum only opens 3hrs a day, and there are constantly long queues outside awaiting for viewing and paying respect for the late leader's embalmed body.
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I was stupid enough to go on a Sunday morning. Arriving at 8am, probably more than 1000 people, mostly Vietnamese from the whole nation, has already queued around the Mausoleum, waited for over an hour under the fierce sun at 40 degrees Celsius just to get in and walk around the body of their great leader for a brief few seconds.
Sorry Uncle Ho, I left for the museum instead... didn't wanna get a heat stroke :P
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#vietnam #hanoi #hochiminh #museum #mausoleum
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#tflers #travelgram #traveladdict #theglobewanderer #theoutbound #travelogue #traveltheworld #globetrotter #instatravel #instapassport #travelphotography #wonderlust #travelbug #igtravel #travelblogger #hktraveler #traveller #travelsolo #travelersnotebook #seetheworld
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#PEOPLE_INFINITY #humanity_shots_ #yourshotphotographer #streetshots #people
french socialist 在 LG and Friends Facebook 的最佳貼文
สำหรับคนที่เก่งภาษาอังกฤษประมาณนึง ลองไปอ่านสิ่งนี้ พอลได้แชร์ความรู้ทางการเมืองที่น่าสนใจ เก็บไว้เป็นความรู้จ้า
Paul’s English oddities: systems of government
Given the political turmoil in Thailand, you might like to brush up on some English terms for different types of government. Some of them you will know already; some are quite obscure. This is not a complete list so, if the one you are looking for is not here, feel free to ask me!
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Part One: Ideas relevant to the political debate in Thailand at the moment.
Democracy: rule by the people, normally via elected representatives.
Absolute monarchy: direct rule by the monarch.
Constitutional monarchy: a system in which the monarch is the head of state but limited by a constitution, normally as part of a democracy.
Autocracy: rule by a single person.
Oligarchy: rule by a small but powerful group, who are often rich.
Plutocracy: rule by the rich.
Kleptocracy: rule by thieves (in other words, rule by a totally corrupt government).
Note: Plutocracy and kleptocracy are quite obscure words; most people don’t know them. But perhaps it’s time they got used more!
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Part Two: Some other systems.
Theocracy: rule by a god or gods (which in practice means rule by religious leaders).
Communism: a system of absolute equality, normally enforced by the state.
A republic: a country with no monarchy.
Anarchism: self-determination with no overall government. Note: The word ‘anarchy’ is also used to describe chaos, but the political idea of anarchy is not the same thing!
Capitalism: an economic system based on private ownership and the pursuit of personal or corporate profit.
Socialism: a political and economic system based on shared ownership and the pursuit of collective benefit.
Social Democracy: the gradual, gentle introduction of socialist values through democratic processes.
Eco-socialism: a form of socialism that links social issues to environmental issues.
Liberalism: belief in liberty and equality, with state intervention kept fairly minimal.
Libertarianism: belief that liberty is the most important thing and that the state should be kept to an absolute minimum.
Fascism: extreme authoritarianism and nationalism, often linked to a belief in racial superiority and generally imposed by violence.
Totalitarianism: complete subjugation of the people by the state. Communism and Fascism have historically tended to be totalitarian.
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Part Three: Right, Left and Centre!
Right-wing: a general belief in hierarchy and competition. Fascism is an extreme form of right-wing thought. Capitalism is also right-wing.
Left-wing: a general belief in equality and cooperation. Communism is an extreme form left-wing thought. Social Democracy is a non-extreme form.
Centrist: neither right-wing nor left-wing. Liberalism is an example of centrism.
Note: Some people find the right-left axis useful to describe politics; others find it too simplistic.
Interesting fact: The terms left-wing and right-wing were first used during the French Revolution, and originally referred to the seating arrangements of the French government.
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If there’s anything you don’t understand, please ask me!
french socialist 在 VŨ TÂM - Lang Thang Vietnam Youtube 的最讚貼文
Con Dao Islands, Travel Vietnam | Gopro
Ủng hộ kênh bằng cách bấm ĐĂNG KÝ nhé các bạn!
https://www.facebook.com/vutamvlc
Con Dao is an archipelago off the southern coast of Viet Nam and a suburb of Ba Ria-Vung Tau province. Con Dao is 97 nautical miles from Vung Tau by sea. The closest to Con Dao is Vinh Hai Commune, Soc Trang Province, 40 nautical miles away.
Con Dao or Con Son is also used for the name of the largest island in the archipelago. History of Vietnam before the twentieth century is often referred to Con Son Island is Kunlun or Kun Non. Old names in English and French are Poulo Condor.
In 1977, the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam decided the official name Con Dao. Con Dao is also a district-level administrative unit of Ba Ria-Vung Tau province.
http://stam.com.vn

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