關於 gender characteristics ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

「所有人類都應當受到尊重及有尊嚴的對待，無論他們是誰或愛的是誰，都應當能夠過著毫無恐懼的生活。在世界各地及美國，男女同性戀者、雙性戀者、跨性別者、酷兒及雙性人 (LGBTQI+) 勇於爭取法律之下的平等保護、免受暴力的自由，以及對於其基本人權的認同。美國站在為這群人奮鬥的第一線，為人權大聲疾呼，並堅守我們最珍視的價值觀。美國政策應當致力於終止基於性取向、性別認同、性別表達或性別特徵的暴力和歧視，並以美國自身典範的力量為出發點，促進全球LGBTQI+族群的人權。」— 美國總統拜登關於促進全球LGBTQI+族群人權的備忘錄

備忘錄全文請參考：https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/04/memorandum-advancing-the-human-rights-of-lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgender-queer-and-intersex-persons-around-the-world/

“All human beings should be treated with respect and dignity and should be able to live without fear no matter who they are or whom they love. Around the globe, including here at home, brave lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) activists are fighting for equal protection under the law, freedom from violence, and recognition of their fundamental human rights. The United States belongs at the forefront of this struggle — speaking out and standing strong for our most dearly held values. It shall be the policy of the United States to pursue an end to violence and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics, and to lead by the power of our example in the cause of advancing the human rights of LGBTQI+ persons around the world.” —— President Biden’s Memorandum on Advancing the Human Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex Persons Around the World

Read the full text here: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/04/memorandum-advancing-the-human-rights-of-lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgender-queer-and-intersex-persons-around-the-world/

兒童早期長時間在綠自然戶外環境活動，對其腦結構發展有顯著的幫助，而幼稚園與小學期間多從事運動，在其小學與青少年階段的腦部工作記憶表現功能顯著高於運動量過低者。也有研究指出每天戶外活動2小時，光線進入眼球時會促進視網膜分泌多巴胺（Dopamine），這種神經傳導物質會抑制眼球的眼軸變長機制，因而避免或降低近視產生。
而下篇研究也發現在綠色戶外環境活動能顯著降地過動症症狀。
A Potential Natural Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence From a National Study. October 2004, American Journal of Public Health 94(9):1580-6
Abstract
Objectives. We examined the impact of relatively “green” or natural settings on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms across diverse subpopulations of children.
Methods. Parents nationwide rated the aftereffects of 49 common after-school and weekend activities on children’s symptoms. Aftereffects were compared for activities conducted in green outdoor settings versus those conducted in both built outdoor and indoor settings.
Results. In this national, nonprobability sample, green outdoor activities reduced symptoms significantly more than did activities conducted in other settings, even when activities were matched across settings. Findings were consistent across age, gender, and income groups; community types; geographic regions; and diagnoses.
Conclusions. Green outdoor settings appear to reduce ADHD symptoms in children across a wide range of individual, residential, and case characteristics.

Why does domestic violence happen?

• All About Control

There are varying theories about what makes batterers use abuse with those closest to them. One view is that batterers are hardened criminals who commit their crimes in a conscious, calculated manner to achieve the dominance they believe men are entitled to. Others believe abuse is the product of deep psychological and developmental scars, which are not gender-specific.

Experts have reached a consensus on several common characteristics among batterers—they are controlling, manipulative, often see themselves as victims and believe that men have a pre-ordained right to be in charge of all aspects of a relationship.

One study found that in many cases acts of domestic violence are mate retention behaviors, that is, actions taken by one partner to try to preserve and maintain their relationship with the other partner.

• Mate Retention Behaviors

For some abusers, violence is a tool to keep their intimate partner from leaving the relationship or keeping them from being unfaithful, even if it means physically forcing them to stay.

One batterer who has now gone through treatment, says "the beatings, the verbal abuse, and the intimidation were all about control. It was like having a new toy," he said. "I had the buttons and I could make her do whatever I wanted. I was trying to intimidate her. I wanted to control her for the simple reason that I knew I could do it. It made me feel powerful."

• The Abuse Cycle

According to the Women's Issues and Social Empowerment (WISE) of Australia, the issues of power and control are essential to an understanding of Domestic Violence. "Domestic Abuse occurs in relationships where conflict is the continuous result of power inequality between the partners and one partner is afraid of and harmed by the other," they say.

Although it can vary from case to case, and doesn't take into account other forms of domestic abuse, WISE uses the "Cycle of Violence" as a model for understanding violent behavior. A simplified version of the cycle is online, but briefly, the phases are:

Build-Up Phase - The tension builds.
Stand-Over Phase - Verbal attacks increase.
Explosion Phase - A violent outburst occurs.
Remorse Phase - You shouldn't have pushed me, it was your fault!
Pursuit Phase - It will never happen again, I promise.
Honeymoon Phase - See, we don't have any problems!
This cycle concerns actual physical abuse. It does not take into account other forms of domestic abuse that are used to control, such as sexual abuse, verbal abuse, psychological and emotional abuse, spiritual abuse, economic abuse, and social abuse.

(Why Domestic Abuse Happens
It's All About Control
By Buddy T)

https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2019/11/05/doctor-allegedly-assaulted-girlfriend-after-she-refused-to-have-sex-causing-facial-fractures

『ウガンダ大使館前「反同性愛法」反対抗議』
"Protest against the Anti-Homosexuality Law: Ugandan Embassy in Tokyo"

2014年6月26日（木）、東京都渋谷区のウガンダ大使館前で行われた、ウガンダの「反同性愛法」反対抗議の映像です。
A protest took place on June 26th on the Embassy of Uganda in Japan against the Anti-Homosexuality Law in Uganda.

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ウガンダ大使館宛 抗議文
Letter to Her Excellency Ambassador Betty Grace Akech -- Okullo,

大使さま
Your Excellency,

私たちは今日、ウガンダのムセヴェニ大統領によって法制化された反同性愛法のヘイトに対して抗議するため、ここに立っています。グローバルコミュニティの市民による世界的な抗議は、同性愛者を終身刑に処し、同性愛者を報告しなかった者を7年ものあいだ収監する同法が、まったく受け入れ難いものであることを明らかにしました。私たちは、市民の仲間として、ウガンダの人々と東京に住んでいることを心から喜んでおり、だからこそ、この非人間的な法制への抗議を続けなければならないのです。
We stand here today in protest against the Anti-Gay Hate Law enacted by the President Mseveni of Uganda. The protests worldwide by the citizens of global community have made clear that the law which sentences homosexual persons to life-in-prison and puts anyone who fails to report them in jail for 7 years is utterly inacceptable. It is precisely because we rejoice in having Ugandans among us in the citizenry of Tokyo that we must continue to protest this inhumane legislation.

ウガンダの外務大臣であるサム・クテサ氏が国連総会議長に任命された最近の出来事は、人間社会の基本原則の侵害を拒否する私たちの意思をいささかも減じるものではありません。この基本原則とは、ジェンダー、性的志向、人種、身体的能力、あるいは他の属性に関わらず、すべての人が有する尊厳に対する平等な尊重にほかなりません。これらの属性は、何人も変えることが出来ず、変えさせられるべきでもないものです。
The recent appointment of Mr. Sam Kutesa, the foreign minister of Uganda, to the president of the United Nations's General Assembly will in no way diminish our refusal to accept violation of the basic principles of humanity, which is respect for the equal dignity of all persons regardless of gender, sexual orientations, race, physical capacities and any other characteristics that a person cannot and should not be forced to change.

大使さまは、反同性愛法によってムセヴェニ大統領とサム・クテサ外務大臣が引き起こした世界的な憤りが、東京でも同様に強いことを、彼らに伝えてくださらなければなりません。そして、この法律が撤回されるまで、私たちの抗議が止むことも、私たちがウガンダの同性愛者の窮状を無視することもないという事実を、伝えてくださらなければなりません。
Your Excellency Ms. Ambassador, you must tell President Mseveni and Foreign Minister Sam Kutesa that the global outrage they have caused by the Anti-Gay Law is no less strong in Tokyo, and that our protest will not cease nor will we ignore the plight of gay people in Uganda until the law is repealed.

レインボープロテスターズ・ジャパン
Rainbow Protesters Japan

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撮影・編集：秋山理央（Video by Rio Akiyama）
機材：SONY HDR-PJ790V

秋山理央
http://twitter.com/RIO_AKIYAMA
http://rfourth.jp/demo/shushi.html