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2016-03-07 19:02:18 有 68 人按讚

Yesterday at New Creation Church in Singapore, we watched a recording of Pastor Joseph Prince's recent TBN Grace 2016 Israel Tour Sermon at Tzemach Beach by the Sea of Galilee in Israel. ✝😇
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The message really unveils the love of God and helps to root us in God's grace! ❤️🙌
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Read the Detailed Sermon Notes of this Message Here ===>
http://miltongoh.net/blog/tbngrace2016pastorjosephprincesermon
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1) Like this page Pastor Joseph Prince Sermon Notes compiled on http://miltongoh.net :D
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Milton Goh Blog and Sermon Notes

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Hi Dear Page Viewers/Likers, This page is not an official New Creation Church (NCC) or Pastor Joseph Prince page. These sermon notes are not affiliated with NCC or Pastor Prince. These sermon notes are compiled by me, and I'm just a loyal and regular attendee of the church's Sunday services, and I feel led to take detailed personal sermon notes of Pastor Prince's anointed messages to share them with the world, which desperately needs the true word of God and the original gospel of grace. I feel blessed to be able to attend Pastor Joseph Prince's services in person, and would like to help everyone who isn't able to attend in person, to get hold of the messages as soon as it is preached! Help to ensure that I have the time freedom to continue to post even more high-quality sermon notes MORE FREQUENTLY, and get to download ALL my sermon notes in e-Book format HERE ===> https://www.patreon.com/Miltongohblog God Bless You, Milton Goh

By God’s Grace, this page extends the reach of Pastor Joseph Prince sermon notes and fresh-written daily devotionals about Jesus and His finished work at the cross. The goal is to shine as the light of the world every day, sowing seeds for salvation.

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By Milton Goh Blog and Sermon Notes

2016-02-28 15:40:38 有 99 人按讚

Today at New Creation Church in Singapore, Guest Speaker Pastor Charles Nieman taught us not to despise our small beginnings, and encouraged us to let Jesus be the Alpha and the Omega in our lives!

It is truly a powerful message: Take care of the small things and be faithful in them, and you will rule over much.

Please Like, Share and Comment on the blog post if you were blessed by these sermon notes!

Like this Facebook page to stay updated with all future sermon notes posts!

Read the Detailed Sermon Notes of this Message Here ===>
http://www.miltongoh.net/miltons-blog/pastorcharlesniemansmallbeginnings

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Share this post and help to spread the grace revolution, and stand a chance to be one of the 3 blessed winners of a PDF version E-book of all my 2014 compiled sermon notes - it's like getting my personal notebook itself!

Winners will be notified in a future post, and will be requested to give their email addresses so that they can receive the Ebook by email.

Qualifying shares for this giveaway will end on 4 March 2016 at 12am (SGT)! May the Lord bless you!

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By 方志恒 Brian Fong

2015-07-23 10:45:59 有 31 人按讚

港式雙首長制@香港革新論

//要突破困局，我們需要重新思考「民主自治」的意義—我們所追求的民主政制，必須產生一個全面代表香港人的政治首長，以最大程度地讓香港人按自治原則，自行管理香港事務。如果這種「民主自治」的定義，可以得到大多數香港人接受，那麼實踐「民主自治」的具體方法，除了全面開放的行政長官普選外，也存在探討其他「民主自治」想像的可能性。

由行政長官及政務司司長分別擔任「地區首長」及「政府首長」的角色，分權共治，以推行「港式雙首長制」。在「港式雙首長制」下，政務司司長須獲普選的立法會支持才能上台，將成為全面代表香港人的「政府首長」，政府施政亦需要以民意為依歸，「民主自治」將會得到落實；而行政長官作為「特區首長」，將不再直接負責政府日常事務，無論行政長官是按8.31人大決定的「有限制普選」產生或其他獲香港及北京共同認可的方式普選產生，行政長官都應定位為「超然領袖」（Non-partisan leader），專責平衡一國兩制、調和港陸關係—「港式雙首長制」將是香港在現行憲制地位下，能夠實現最大程度「民主自治」的政制方案。//

【#香港革新論文章】
港式雙首長制── 拉闊民主自治想像的政制方案

／房吉祥(《香港革新論》共同作者)
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【編按：政治學者方志恒與二十多位年輕人合著新書《香港革新論》，探討後政改時代的香港前途。本文為該書其中一篇主題文章。】

在一個與港視劇集《選戰》平行的時空……
建制派代表、振民黨主席宋漫山，在各種種票疑雲下，以千多票的極少數差距，壓倒代表民自黨的葉晴，勝出2022年行政長官選舉。但宋漫山當選後，先後爆出連串醜聞，再加上要應付由「王主任」交託的各種政治任務，宋漫山被港人視為北京傀儡，上台僅僅兩年已經民望崩盤。2024年立法會首次全面普選，建制派大敗，由葉晴領導的民自黨橫掃多區，成為立法會最大黨派，行政立法全面對抗一觸即發。有見及此，宋漫山與葉晴達成權力分配協議，由宋漫山向北京政府提名葉晴出任政務司司長，並將日常行政權力移交政務司司長及其籌組的執政內閣，實行「港式雙首長制」，為香港政治揭開的新一頁。

1997年主權移交以來，香港市民要求民主普選的呼聲一直有增無減，接連出現多次全港性的政治運動。然而，香港政制發展的步伐，卻一直無法回應巿民訴求，令社會一直陷於政制發展的爭拗當中。

面對政制困局，有人說原因在於泛民主派叫價太高，有人說是北京要高壓收權、不肯兌現承諾，也有人說是港陸之間欠缺互信，令協調讓步變得不可能1。這些論點也許有其理據，但都沒有切中政改的核心問題—「單一首長、雙重負責」的政制矛盾。

【單一首長、雙重負責的政制矛盾】

主權移交後，按《基本法》的憲制安排，香港的管治權力集中在行政機關，即行政長官一人身上。行政長官兼任「特區首長」及「政府首長」兩個角色，集各種政治權力於一身，形成「單一首長」的政治制度。

《基本法》一方面將行政權力集中於行政長官，另一方面亦規定行政長官需要同時向中央政府及香港特別行政區負責（Dual accountability）2。然而，主權移交以來的政治實踐顯示，香港市民與北京領導人之間，在價值觀、政治認知及制度安排上，實有難以調和的差異，行政長官夾在「一國」及「兩制」之間，北京領導人的期望及700萬香港人的訴求，成為了歷任行政長官無法跨越的政治鴻溝3。這種「單一首長、雙重負責」的制度，正是造成主權移交以來的三任行政長官，都被港人視為北京傀儡，而無法取信於香港社會的原因。

事實上，「單一首長、雙重負責」的制度，亦是令香港政制發展陷入矛盾的根源4。

在北京領導人眼中，香港擁有廣泛的自治權力—行政管理權、立法權、獨立司法、獨立財政、獨立貨幣、獨立關稅，以至對外事務權力等。行政長官行使這些權力時，如果偏離北京的治國方針，便有可能會衝擊共產黨政權。北京更害怕一旦開放香港政權，「反中亂港」勢力會奪取香港管治權，令香港演變成反共基地。故此行政長官一職必須由「愛國愛港」人士出任。當然，北京理論上握有對行政長官的「實質任命權」，大可以拒絕任命並非「愛國愛港」的當選者，但奉行維穩至上的北京領導人，自然不會考慮這種可能引發憲制危機的做法—這正是北京將政改視作「政權保衛戰」，並堅持8.31人大決定中，由提名委員篩選行政長官候選人的原因。

然而，這種對行政長官普選的維穩安排，與香港的民主訴求有根本衝突。香港市民普遍希望以「普及而平等的方式」選舉行政長官，從而產生一個全面代表香港人的政府，真正落實港人的自治權利。這種民主訴求，不是要確保民主派有候選人「出閘」，而是要保障除了選民外，不會有其他力量可以操控選舉結果5。

這就是香港與北京在政制發展上的核心矛盾。當港陸雙方都把目光完全集中在行政長官一個職位上，而雙方對行政長官的期望卻是背道而馳，又怎可能得出一個合乎兩者要求的政制安排？

要突破困局，我們需要重新思考「民主自治」的意義—我們所追求的民主政制，必須產生一個全面代表香港人的政治首長，以最大程度地讓香港人按自治原則，自行管理香港事務。如果這種「民主自治」的定義，可以得到大多數香港人接受，那麼實踐「民主自治」的具體方法，除了全面開放的行政長官普選外，也存在探討其他「民主自治」想像的可能性。

香港，依目前憲制地位，是中國的特別行政區，實行一國兩制、港人治港、高度自治。假如此一憲制地位在未來不會改變，香港要實踐「民主自治」的可行方法，是將行政長官一職高度集中的行政權力，分拆為「特區首長」及「政府首長」兩個獨立角色，實行「雙首長制」（Dual leadership system）6，以突破現時「單一首長、雙重負責」所帶來的政制矛盾。

【雙首長制的海外案例】

「雙首長制」常與「半總統制」（Semi-presidentialism）或「混合制」（Mixed system）等詞混用，指的是兼有「總統制」（Presidential system）與「議會制」（Parliamentary system）特點，由兩個行政首長分權共治的憲政制度。

按研究「半總統制」的權威、法國政治學者Duverger的定義，「半總統制」是指國家有一個由獨立普選所產生、並有相當行政權力（Considerable powers）的總統，同時又有一個以總理為首、需要依賴國會支持才能執政的內閣政府，二者共同執政、分享行政權力7。「雙首長制」則是另一法國學者Blondel由「半總統制」所引伸的概念。Blondel認為，除「半總統制」外，由君主掌握實權，而另設首相執政的「二元君主制」（Dual monarchies），如不丹、約旦等國，以及共產國家中黨領袖（主席或總書記）及政府領袖（總理）由不同人士出任的「共產主義體制」（Communist system），均由兩個行政首長共同執政，或按不同原則分擔政務，可與「半總統制」歸納為同一類別。

坊間一般以為分割國家行政權力，會容易帶來政治不穩定，但Duverger及Blondel的研究均指出，「雙首長制」或「半總統制」，因其「二元共治」的特色，在特定政治形勢下，例如社會因為階層、種族、宗教或者政治意見陷於內部分裂，可避免「單一首長」無法代表不同勢力的問題，反而有助促進政治穩定。

以法國為例，第四共和時期（1946年至1958年）採用議會制，但因為國會多黨林立，組閣時難以折衝協調，內閣時常更替，12年期間就出現24個內閣，更多次出現無政府狀態。故1958年的新憲法強化總統權力，由總統向其選民負責，總理則向國會負責，共享行政權力。在第五共和憲政運作中，總統有廣泛權力，包括：1）按國會選舉結果任免總理，並按總理建議任免內閣部長；2）主理國防與外交、任命高級軍官、批准國際條約；3）主持國務會議、與各項政策之制定與討論；4）任免主要官員；5）批核或覆議法案；6）任命憲法委員會委員（類似最高憲法或行政法院）；提請釋法；7）召開臨時國會；8）將重大議案提交公民複決等。而總理則在政府日常運作上起主導角色，與總統共享行政權力，包括副署所有總統簽署之法令、提議任免閣員、支配行政機構及軍隊、提議公民複決及釋法、召開臨時國會等。新制度強化了法國行政機關的運作，令內閣倒台的情況大大減少。

法國「半總統制」最大的特色，在於其「換軌」（Alternation）體制。當國會與總統職位由同一個政黨掌握時，權力便集中在總統之手，政府以「類總統制」運作；但當國會與總統由不同的政黨控制時，日常施政則由總理主導，政府運作便轉換為「類議會制」的「共治」（Cohabitation）局面。基於「換軌」特色，有不少學者認為法國是總統制與內閣制之間轉換的體制，多於一個獨立的體制8。但實際上，當總統與國會由同一個政黨控制時，總統本人的執政權力實際上來自其執政黨領袖的地位，而非總統職位，總理及內閣依然要向國會負責，運作與「總統制」仍有甚多差別；而當總統與國會由不同政黨控制時，總統仍具一定的行政權力，非「議會制」的虛位元首可比9。此外，法國憲法第23條亦規定，國會議員不得兼任內閣閣員，議員必須於接受內閣任命一個月內辭職，但其席位則由選舉時所提出的代理人出任，不需進行補選。這種機制促使行政與立法加強溝通、分享權力及協商執政，但同時又保持兩者的獨立性，值得長期面對行政立法衝突的香港借鑑。

除法國外，芬蘭在2000年採納新憲法之前，也是「雙首長制」的典範。按1917年獨立後的憲制，芬蘭有一位獨立普選產生的總統10，以及由總統任命的總理及內閣。總理及內閣負責政府的日常運作，而總統則在外交、國防、立法及人事任命享有實權。在程序上，芬蘭締結條約、宣戰等需國會同意，但面對前蘇聯的軍事威脅，在實際運作中，芬蘭總統在國防外交有極大決策權。芬蘭在冷戰期間，得以置身於大國衝突之外，實有賴數任總統善於外交，一方面與蘇聯維持良好關係，另一方面與西方國家保持經貿聯繫。而「雙首長制」正是芬蘭總統可彈性處理外交問題，不用受困於內政或內部親西方勢力限制的主因。

芬蘭總統亦和國會共享立法權，可否決國會通過的法案，亦可提出新法案，或提案修改、解釋或廢止現有法律，並在有需要時解散國會。此外，在制度上，總統需要根據國會選舉結果任命總理及部長，但如沒有政黨佔優勢，總統可以主導內閣的組成，或任命由公務員組成的看守內閣，穩定政治11。在其他公職上，芬蘭總統有相當大的任命權，如最高法院、行政法院及上訴法院的法官，高級公務員，以及公立大學的校長等。

隨著蘇聯解體、冷戰結束及芬蘭95年加入歐洲聯盟，芬蘭總統在國防外交角色不再吃重，再加上歐盟政策多由總理領導，芬蘭在2000年通過新憲法，削弱總統角色，轉變為「議會制」國家12。芬蘭的經驗顯示，「雙首長制」容許「國家元首」及「政府首長」分工合作，分別處理對外及對內事務，有助應付特殊的政治形勢。

除了國家層面的制度外，「雙首長制」亦廣泛應用於世界各地的自治地區。英國現有海外領土（British overseas territories），如直布羅陀（Gibraltar）、百慕達（Bermuda）和福克蘭群島（Falkland Islands）等，大多由一位英國委任的總督負責外交、國防及治安事務，而日常管治則由直選或議會委任的總理、行政長官或首席部長負責13。

二戰之後，世界上採用「雙首長制」的國家不多，主要有法國、芬蘭、奧地利、葡萄牙及愛爾蘭等歐洲國家。但隨著第三波民主化的浪潮，有台灣學者統計，直至2010年，全球已有五十多個國家採用「雙首長制」（見表一），印證「雙首長制」適用於經歷政治轉型的地區，對穩定政治發展有幫助。「雙首長制」的這些特性，正正可以解決香港由「單一首長、雙重負責」所引起的政制矛盾。

表一：世界上採用「半總統制」的民主及非民主國家（2010年）14
西歐東歐前蘇聯地區亞洲非洲美洲
民主國家奧地利（Austria）
芬蘭（Finland）
法國（France）
冰島（Iceland）
愛爾蘭（Irland）
葡萄牙（Portugal）保加利亞（Bulgaria）
克羅地亞（Croatia）
馬其頓（Macedonia）
黑山（Montenegro）
波蘭（Poland）
羅馬尼亞（Romania）
塞爾維亞（Serbia）
斯洛伐克（Slovakia）
斯洛文尼亞（Slovenia）亞美尼亞（Armenia）
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【雙首長制的本地經驗】

事實上，對香港而言，「雙首長制」亦非新鮮事物，港英時代的香港政府，也常以類似的「二元共治」模式運作。按《英皇制誥》及《皇室訓令》，港督擁有香港行政立法的最終權力，但在實際運作上，政策草擬、制定及執行與一般行政事務，都會交由整個公務員體系之首的輔政司（Colonial Secretary）或後來的布政司（Chief Secretary）負責。其中，由布政司主持、各政策科首長參與的「布政司委員會」（Chief Secretary's Committee），則是港英政府日常運作的中樞。「布政司委員會」每星期召開會議，討論重要政府政策，以及事先審議所有提交上行政局的文件，實際上就是港英政府的日常內閣15。當然，由於憲制上權力實屬於港督，布政司的角色及權力，要視乎在任者的能力，以及港督是否強勢施政。

即使在主權移交前夕，這種不成文的「類雙首長制」仍在運作。彭定康在任港督時，主力處理政制改革及對外事務，而香港政府的日常運作，就幾乎全權交由時任布政司的陳方安生負責。有學者形容當時的香港政制情況，彭定康就像一個半總統制下「國家元首」，陳方安生就像一個「半總統制」下的總理或首席部長，而各司局長則彷彿是她的內閣成員16。

由於《基本法》延續了殖民地的管治制度，故這種不成文的「雙首長制」傳統，本來也是特區憲制的一部份。不過董建華上任後，為擺脫公務員系統對其施政的羈絆，毅然推行「高官問責制」，引進政治任命官員，將所有的行政權力收歸行政長官，破壞了港英時代的行政傳統。

【「港式雙首長制」的具體方案】

「雙首長制」或「半總統制」要有效運作，按美國學者Sartori的分析，「國家元首」（總統）與「政府首長」（總理）的分權需達三個標準：第一，總統應獨立於議會之外，但不應有權單獨或直接管治，其執政理念須經由內閣及總理傳達；第二，總理及內閣可由總統委任，但運作需獨立於總統，並對議會負責，總理去留端視乎議會支持；第三，總統及總理之間的權力結構、互動可有一定彈性，但二者均需有自主運作的潛能（Autonomy potential）17。

在此原則下，香港可依據主權移交前的憲政傳統，由行政長官及政務司司長分別擔任「地區首長」及「政府首長」的角色，分權共治，以推行「港式雙首長制」。

• 制度性分權：作為「特區首長」，行政長官可專門負責憲制、地區安全、港陸關係及對外事務等「高級政治」（High politics）事務，並管理監督部門（如審計署、廉政公署及申訴專員公署）。同時通過憲制安排，將行政長官作為「政府首長」的法定權力，向政務司司長作制度性分權，以滿足「雙首長制」的分權標準，由政務司司長主持政府「日常事務」（Day-to-day operation），透過立法會向香港市民負責，以實踐最大程度的「民主自治」。

• 政府組成：行政長官作為「特區首長」，可繼續行使向北京政府提名及建議免任政務司司長的權力，亦應有權按政務司司長的推薦，提名其他的主要官員；但同時亦要建立憲政慣例，行政長官提名的政務司司長，必須透過「信任投票」（Vote of confidence）得到立法會內大多數議員支持，以確保作為「政府首長」政務司司長，能夠全面代表香港的主流民意（這裡的前提是立法會所有議席，都必須全面由普選產生）。政務司司長的人選，可以是立法會議員、政黨黨魁或其他得到議會多數議員支持的人士；如被任命者為立法會議員，則可仿傚法國內閣選任安排，實行由同名單遞補機制，減少補選次數，節省議席出缺帶來的成本。（詳見表二）

• 實際操作：現有由政務司司長及各司局長組成的「政策委員會」，應該擔當日常內閣的角色，主導一般政策制定及政府日常決策，行政會議則演變成協調機構，確認由「政策委員會」作出的政策決定。如立法會改選、對政府重要法案或政務司司長本人要投不信任票，政務司司長及其內閣就得去職，由行政長官提名其他獲立法會大多數支持的人選出任。

在「港式雙首長制」下，政務司司長須獲普選的立法會支持才能上台，將成為全面代表香港人的「政府首長」，政府施政亦需要以民意為依歸，「民主自治」將會得到落實；而行政長官作為「特區首長」，將不再直接負責政府日常事務，無論行政長官是按8.31人大決定的「有限制普選」產生或其他獲香港及北京共同認可的方式普選產生，行政長官都應定位為「超然領袖」（Non-partisan leader），專責平衡一國兩制、調和港陸關係—「港式雙首長制」將是香港在現行憲制地位下，能夠實現最大程度「民主自治」的政制方案。

而要確保「港式雙首長制」有效運作，行政長官及政務司司長必須做到制度性分權，最直接的方法，莫如修改基本法相關條文。但修改基本法的門檻極高，多年來亦隱為港陸政治禁忌，故以修改基本法來推行「港式雙首長制」，相信爭議會極大。更彈性而且可行的方法，是通過修訂本地法例及發佈行政命令，將行政長官現時兼任「政府首長」的主要法定權力，明確轉授予政務司司長，並修改政府人事編制，達到分權共治的效果。（詳見表二）由於修改本地法例及人事編制需向立法會提案，並諮詢市民意見，如獲全面普選產生的立法會通過，亦可視作市民對「港式雙首長制」的認可，足以為憲制共治建立穩固基礎，令行政長官不能任意收回授權或越位行事。

要實現我城的「民主自治」，香港人需要尋求新的想像。「港式雙首長制」，將是拉闊民主自治想像的政制方案。

表二：在本地立法層面上確立「港式雙首長制」的四點建議
1.修改《釋義及通則條例》
修改香港法例第一章《釋義及通則條例》第62條及第63條，有關行政長官及行政長官會同行政會議的轉授權力的部份。加入自動授權的條款，除另有明文保留外，其他法例賦予行政長官的權力將自動轉授予政務司司長，而向「行政長官會同行政會議」（Chief Executive in Council）授予的權力，亦會被轉授予「政務司司長會同政策委員會」（Chief Secretary in Policy Committee）。同時修改其他條款中有衝突的部份，加入保留條文，對「港式雙首長制」下需要由行政長官執行的權力（比如規管審計及廉政事務）予以保留，不作自動轉授。
2.發布行政命令向政務司司長授權
按基本法第四十八條（四），行政長官可決定政府政策和發布行政命令。習慣上，行政長官會通過行政命令，將行政權力授權相關官員執行。故要推行「港式雙首長制」，行政長官亦應發布行政命令，將主要行政權力（包括發布行政命令、訂立附屬法例、發出文告及裁決上訴等）明確授權予政務司司長。
3.修改政府人事編制
由於行政長官不再兼任「政府首長」，職責由政務司司長吸納，行政長官辦公室、政務司司長辦公室以及其他相關單位的人事編制將有需要增減。政府需要就重新調配或增刪常額或編外的首長級職位，向立法會財務委員會及轄下的人事編制提案。
4.修改立法會遞補機制
為方便政務司司長推薦議員組閣，可修改《立法會條例》（第542章）有關立法會辭職遞補的機制。指明如地區直選議員因被委任為政府主要官員，而須按基本法第79條辭職，席位將由選舉時同一候選人名單順位遞補，如名單已盡，無人合資格或願意替補，才需要進行補選，不會由最大餘額得票名單補上。

1 阮紀宏：〈中央與香港關係惡化源於缺乏溝通〉，《亞洲週刊》，2014年8月24日第28卷 33期。
2 基本法第43條：「香港特別行政區行政長官是香港特別行政區的首長，代表香港特別行政區。香港特別行政區行政長官依照本法的規定對中央人民政府和香港特別行政區負責。」
3 Kit Poon, The political future of Hong Kong: democracy within communist China (London ; New York : Routledge, 2008), chapter 3.
4 張炳良：《管治香港的難題：回歸十年反思》（香港：進一步多媒體有限公司，2007年)，頁34。
5 馬嶽：《香港政治發展歷程與核心課題》（香港：香港中文大學香港亞太研究所，2010年），頁113-116。
6 Jean Blondel, Dual Leadership in the Contemporary World, in Arend Lijphart ed., Parliamentary versus Presidential Government (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 162.
7 Maurice Duverger, A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government, European Journal of Political Research, 1980, 8 (2), p. 165.
8 Arend Lijphart. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999); Raymond Aron, Alternation in Government in the Industrialized Countries, Government and Opposition, 1982, 17: 1, p. 3-21.
9 蘇子喬：〈哪一種半總統制？─概念界定爭議的釐清〉，《東吳政治學報》，2011，第二十九卷第四期，頁15。
10 1917年獨立後，芬蘭總統的產生方式是先由全民選出300人組成選舉團（electoral college），再由選舉團從各政黨提名的候選人中選出總統。1994年起，總統改由直選產生。
11 郭秋慶：〈芬蘭半總統制到議會民主的變遷〉，《台灣國際研究季刊》，2009，第5 卷第4 期，頁1-23。
12 同上。
13 Foreign and Commonwealth Office, The Overseas Territories: Security, Success and Sustainability （June 2012 ) , <https://www.gov.uk/…/attachment_d…/file/14929/ot-wp-0612.pdf> retrieved 1 May 2015; The Overseas Territories: Government Organization, Government of Bermuda, <http://www.gov.bm/>，retrieved 1 May 2015; The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008, Falklands Island Government, <http://www.falklands.gov.fk/self-governan…/the-constitution/>, retrieved 1 May 2015; Political development, Gibraltar Government Website <https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/political-development>, retrieved 1 May 2015.
14 蘇子喬，同上，頁32。
15 Miners, Norma. Constitution and administration, in T.L. Tsim and Bernard H.K. Luk (ed.) The Other Hong Kong Report 1989 (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1989), p. 1-28.
16 Ahmed Huque, Grace O. M. Lee, and Anthony Cheung, The Civil Service in Hong Kong: Continuity and Change (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1998), p. 152.
17 Giovanni Sartori, Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives and Outcomes (New York: New York University Press, 1994), p.135-137.

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#香港革新論 #香港政治 #行政長官 #政府司司長 #港式雙首長制 #新書 #書展 #政改 #本土派 #本土 #香港人 #身份認同 #方志恒 #王慧麟 #田方澤 #何俊霆 #何偉倫 #吳凱宇 #李耀基 #周日東 #房吉祥 #易汶健 #林立志 #施家潤 #柯衍健 #袁彌昌 #區諾軒 #陳智傑 #黃冠能 #楊庭輝 #雷浩昌 #鄺健銘 #鄺英豪

Tags: grace to grace pdf 香港革新論文章香港革新論香港政治行政長官政府司司長港式雙首長制新書書展政改本土派本土香港人身份認同方志恒王慧麟田方澤何俊霆何偉倫吳凱宇李耀基周日東房吉祥易汶健林立志施家潤柯衍健袁彌昌區諾軒陳智傑黃冠能楊庭輝雷浩昌鄺健銘鄺英豪

方志恒 Brian Fong

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A comparative political scientist based in Hong Kong 植根於香港的比較政治學者

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There is no other source of. Grace in the Bible. Scripture describes it this way, “Grace of God”,. “Grace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ”, ...

#34. God's Astounding Grace Study Guide - Chapel Library!

Grace is central to biblical Christianity. The gospel of Christ is the gospel of the grace of God (Act 20:24). Grace is what distinguishes the faith of the ...

#35. SAVED BY GRACE; - Bunyan Ministries —

And above all, he clearly. Page 2. THE WORKS OF JOHN BUNYAN. 2 shows that salvation by grace is the most sin- killing doctrine in the world, as well as the most.

#36. The Covenant of Grace - Monergism |

The Covenant of Grace by Charles Hodge. Table of Contents. Part I: The Plan of Salvation is a Covenant. Part II: Different Views of the Nature of this ...

#37. The Gospel of Grace - The Well at Ashland University

1.4 JESUS' GRACE IS OUR RIGHT STANDING WITH GOD. 1.5 GRACE PREACHING HAS GREAT HISTORICAL ROOTS. 1.6 SALVATION BY GRACE IS THE FULL PACKAGE OF LIFE NOW.

#38. Amazing Grace

If through the offence of one many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, which is by one man, Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many.

#39. Trauma +Grace

Trauma and Grace—Beginnings. 3. 2. 9/11's Emmaus: Gracing the Disordered. Theological Imagination. 23. 3. Soul Anatomy: The Healing Acts of Calvin's Psalms.

#40. THE LIFE OF GRACE

God comes to our help with his grace. Grace is a supernatural gift from God given to us through Jesus Christ. It is called super.

#41. God the Father always thinks grace. Whether He is dealing ...

With Jesus Christ as the “chief cornerstone”, we develop the “foundation” of the doctrine of grace, from the “apostles and prophets” by studying the Bible ...

#42. 1 The Saving Grace of God (Grace Works) Titus 2:11-14 For ...

For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation for all people, 12 training us to renounce ungodliness and worldly passions, ...

#43. Grace for Grace - Christiandiet

The order of salvation, therefore, is first, God gives us the law, and then He sends the Lord Jesus as grace to the world. When a physician examines a patient, ...

#44. GRACE.pdf

GOD'S GRACE comes to us through faith in Jesus as Savior and Lord. • “For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ. Jesus ...

#45. Grace and Truth: Toward Christlike Relationships with Muslims

God's grace available to any person through repentance and faith in Jesus' death and resurrection. We seek to obey the whole will of God, ...

#46. A Lineage of Grace | Francine Rivers

A lineage of grace / Francine Rivers. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-8423-5632-9 (sc : alk. paper) 1. Women in the Bible—Fiction. 2. Christian fiction, American.

#47. When Touched by Jesus' Grace Song Lyrics (PDF Download)

When Touched by Jesus' Grace Song Lyrics (PDF Download) ... This song can be used in preparation for Communion, or for other confessional elements of worship.

#48. ( PDF ) All of Grace - Livros Grátis

grace did much more abound." Romans 5:20. CONTENTS. What Are We At? God Justifieth The Ungodly. "It Is God That Justifieth". Just and the Justifier.

#49. The Grace and Truth Paradox by Randy Alcorn excerpt

#50. Grace Alone | Perrow Church

#51. grace.download.pdf - BibleTalk.tv

The Apostles taught that grace motivated God to save man through Jesus Christ. For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever ...

#52. Session 1: - Freedom In Christ Ministries

THE GRACE COURSE. 28. Session 1: Free! FOCUS VERSE: 1 Samuel 16:7b: “For the Lord sees not as man sees: man looks on the outward appearance, but the.

#53. Preaching Romans Proclaiming Gods Saving Grace Pdf

Preaching Romans Proclaiming Gods Saving Grace Pdf As recognized, adventure as capably as experience approximately lesson, amusement, as well as harmony can ...

#54. What We Believe - Grace Gospel Church

Grace Gospel Church is a member of the Associated Gospel Churches. AGC Statement of Faith. AGC-Statement-of-Faith-2013.pdf ...

#55. Understanding Human Beings in the Light of Grace - CORE

Grace : the Possibility and Promise of Theology- ... God, sin, the cross, forgiveness, new life in Christ, and grace. We also.

#56. John Flavel, The Method of Grace in the Gospel Redemption

method of grace in the interpretation thereof by Jesus Christ. The acceptation God has given the former part, signified by the desires.

#57. The Grace Of Yielding 4040 Initial Questions

The Grace Of Yielding. 4040. Initial Questions. What are two things we are not to yield to? What is the scriptural mark of strength concerning our dealing ...

#58. THE GRACE AWAKENING Study One

By receiving and responding to grace through Jesus, God's Spirit can change your attitude ... https://insightforliving.swncdn.com/pdf/retail/series/What_If_.

#59. Perspectives on Grace - Affirmation & Critique

In this article I intend to review in basic fashion the major doctrines of grace from the three great faith traditions of the Christian church—Catholic, ...

#60. Grace To Grace - Hillsong Worship Lyrics and Chords

Free chords, lyrics, videos and other song resources for "Grace To Grace - Hillsong Worship" by Hillsong Worship.

#61. Free Downloads - Grace Gospel Press

However, you are free to download, duplicate, and distribute the PDF files of all literature on this site, provided that Grace Gospel Press ...

#62. LESSONS - Grace Free Lutheran Church

2nd Presentation 10/17/21. Singing, Confession of Sin and Absolution. View Lesson Using the. Button Above. Discussion on singing.pdf ...

#63. Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, by John Bunyan

I thank God upon every remembrance of you; and rejoice, even while I stick between the teeth of the lion in the wilderness, that the grace and mercy, and ...

#64. God's Amazing Grace.pdf - Centro White

With the publication of this book, God's Amazing Grace, we now have ten Ellen. G. White devotional volumes. The fact that a worldwide church would publish ...

#65. 1 Costly Grace - Augsburg Fortress

Cheap grace means grace as doctrine, as principle, as system. It means forgiveness of sins as a general truth; it means God's love as merely a Christian idea of ...

#66. Law and Grace

Memory Text:“ 'I do not set aside the grace of God; for if righteous- ness comes through the law, then Christ died in vain' ” (Galatians.

#67. Hillsong Worship "Grace to Grace" Sheet Music in F Major

Print and download Grace to Grace sheet music by Hillsong Worship. ... Your high-resolution PDF file will be ready to download in the original published key.

#68. “He Received . . . Grace for Grace” (D&C 93:12)

Jesus Christ, the Son of God, advanced and progressed “grace for grace” until He reached a fulness. After stating these truths, the Lord then proclaimed, ...

#69. The Concept of Grace in Christian Thought

the Mormon position as a denial that grace has any role in salvation: "Mormons deny grace, except as a way of saying that Jesus' atoning.

#70. Stars like Grace - GIA Publications

Stars like Grace | 50 More Hymn Texts by Adam M. L. Tice , Printed Music. Informed and inspired by such seasoned ... PDF for $19.95. Copies ADD PDF TO CART.

#71. Costly Grace versus Cheap Grace: From My Perspective

' It is grace without the constant knowledge and hope of life and death, and the resurrection of Jesus Christ.” While I find Bonhoeffer's theology of cheap ...

#72. An Attitude Of Grace - Door Of Life Church

An Attitude Of Grace. The scripture states (Ephesians 2:8-9) that we are saved by grace through faith. ... An Attitude Of Grace (PDF file).

#73. Grace and Hope in Christ - Anglican Communion

Such a theology is deeply rooted in the enduring experience of Christian worship and devotion. 5. God's grace calls for and enables human ...

#74. WHY GRACE CHANGES EVERYTHING by Chuck Smith Have ...

This is the second aspect of the gospel of grace. First, all of your sins have been taken care of, washed, and forgiven because of your faith in Jesus Christ.

#75. Amazing Grace

was brought under its lasting power. Thus started another life not understanding, but certainly enjoying, the amazing grace of Christ the Lord. John Newton, as ...

#76. Men of Grace & Granite

Grace Immanuel Bible Church ... 35 http://www.wmcarey.edu/carey/enquiry/anenquiry.pdf; Smith, Life, 23 explains: “This Enquiry has a ...

#77. The Paradox of the New Testament Concept of Unmerited ...

Tushima Divine Grace and Conditional Forgiveness in Matthew ... teaches that what unites man with God is, from God's side, his grace.”1.

#78. GOSPEL GRACE CHURCH COVENANT

Having been brought by the grace of God to repent and believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and having been baptized by immersion upon our profession of faith ...

#79. Walk in Grace and Holiness

Grace is based on God's sacrifice. 3Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord. Jesus Christ, 4who gave himself for our sins to ...

#80. What is grace through Christian's point of view ... - NZQA

Where in the Bible does God demonstrate grace? ... In the Christian theology, grace is said to be “The love and mercy given to us by God.

#81. Grace - PDF pattern - Brenda Riddle Designs

Grace - PDF pattern. $10. Grace. The man-made definition starts with the elegance & beauty of movement, which I have always loved about the process ...

#82. Grace - The Power Of The Gospel E-book (pdf)

Grace – The Power Of The Gospel E-book (pdf) ... It's not what you do, but what Christ did. Never again worry if you are meeting... Grace ...

#83. Self Study Bible Course Pdf ? - funcard.com.tw

The Grace of Yielding Derek Prince 2016-04-27 If God asked you, as He did with Abraham, to sacrifice your “pride and.

#84. The Glories of Divine Grace

supernatural glories of grace, not so much by learning and science, as by the light of Divine grace and the docility of an ardent faith. This was.

#85. Never Too Far Gone for Grace (1 Timothy 1:12-17)

The grace of our Lord was poured out on me abundantly along with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus." We're walking on sacred ground here. This is ...

#86. Grace - PDF pattern - Thimble Blossoms

Grace - PDF pattern. Regular price $9.95 Sale. Default Title. Add to cart. 72” x 72” quilt. Materials Needed: * 13 fat quarters * 1.5 yards sashing fabric

#87. Grow-in-grace.pdf - New Hope International Church

2 Peter 3:18 But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus. Christ. To him be glory both now and forever! Amen. Peter in writing to ...

#88. Mozart's Grace - Project MUSE

In Mozart's Grace, Scott Burnham probes a treasury of passages from many different genres of Mozart's music, ... Download PDF Download; Save.

#89. The Grace of Giving | Lausanne Movement

GRACE OF. GIVING. THE GIFT OF ACCOUNTABILITY. INCLUDES. JOHN STOTT & CHRIS WRIGHT. FOREWORD BY FEMI B ADELEYE. Page 2. Foreword.

#90. Evidence of Grace Verse Schedule 2021-2022

Evidence of Grace Verse Schedule 2021-2022. Together We Move. Theme Night Date. Section. Material & Verse(s) Covered. September 12 Start Zone The Gospel ...

#91. The Body's Grace - the Anglican Church of Canada

The Body's Grace. By Rowan Williams. To ask, "Why does sex matter?" sounds a rather futile way of beginning an address in these circumstances.

#92. Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners by John Bunyan

Religious people · Download PDF · Buy it on Amazon Listen via Audible FREE Audible ...

#93. TALK #12 SANCTIFYING GRACE - New-Ark Area Emmaus

Sanctifying grace is the work of the Holy Spirit perfecting in us what God has done for us through Jesus Christ. Our participation in this relationship with ...

#94. God's Grace - West Broadway Baptist Church

God's Grace comes to us through faith in Jesus as Savior and Lord. “For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ. Jesus our ...

#95. The Covenant of Faith - Grace College

Grace College and Grace Theological Seminary. Affirming biblical truth and God's grace. The Covenant of Faith at Grace College and Seminary is expressed in ...

#96. prayerbook.pdf - Grace Church STL

Prayer is the key that unlocks all the storehouses of. God's infinite grace and power. All that God is, and all that God has, is at the disposal of prayer.

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