預測未來?Google 用 AI 模型做到「近乎即時」的天氣預報
作者 愛范兒 | 發布日期 2020 年 01 月 17 日 8:15
對人類來說,時間一直是最大的敵人,超越時間一直是人類的夢想,「預測未來」就是人類想超越時間的方式之一。
天氣預報就是生活中最常見的「預測未來」,但就像剛才說的,預測天氣同樣也是非常困難的事。現在看來,AI 或許是能大大增強天氣預報功能性的工具。
Google 最近在官方部落格分享新的研究,聲稱 Google 做到「近乎即時」的天氣預報。
不過這項工作還處於早期階段,目前也尚未整合到任何商業系統,但早期研究結果還是顯示有很大的希望。這篇並未經過專家評論的論文表示,Google 研究人員描述了如何透過僅花數分鐘計算,以 1 公里範圍提前 6 小時達到準確的降雨預測。
數分鐘的計算時間比起目前有巨大的提升,按照現有技術可能需要數小時計算才能生成預測,儘管用了更長時間生成更複雜的數據。
研究人員表示,快速預測有極大的實際意義,這將有效適應氣候變化,特別是極端天氣狀況下,快速預測會是非常重要的工具。短期預測對避免某些危機有很高的重要性,合適運用就能有效避免生命和財產損失。
Google 的預測最大優勢就是速度,然而這樣的速度是怎麼來的?研究人員比較了自家預測與目前兩種主流預測法:光流法(透過觀察雲的現象運動)及模擬法(創建物理天氣系統模擬)。
這些傳統方法面臨的問題在於計算量極龐大,尤其模擬法需要計算大量物理效果。像美國聯邦機構為天氣預報的模擬,每天需要處理不同氣象站多達 100TB 的數據量,且要花費數小時用昂貴的超級電腦模擬。按照一次計算 6 小時,一天頂多也只能計算 3~4 次。
相比 Google 的方法只需數分鐘,因為不是嘗試複雜的天氣建模,而是計算預測簡單的雷達數據。研究人員使用美國國家海洋和大氣管理局(NOAA)2017~2019 年在美國附近收集的歷史雷達數據來訓練 AI 模型。
研究人員表示,他們的方法與使用相同數據的現有 3 種方法一樣好,甚至還更好,但是該 AI 模型在預測 6 小時以上的遠期預測時,表現就不如人意了。目前看來這是機器學習在天氣預報的最佳選擇:快速短期預測,而較長時間的預測交給功能更強大的模型,像 NOAA 可做 10 天的天氣預報。
雖說目前還沒有看到 AI 在天氣預報的實際應用,但已有很多公司在工作,包括 IBM 和孟山都(Monsanto)等大眾熟悉的公司。就像 Google 研究人員所說,隨著人類和氣候相互影響更深,這種預測技術未來會越來越重要。
資料來源:https://technews.tw/2020/01/17/google-using-machine-learning-to-nowcast-precipitation-in-high-resolution/
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What is Deepfake?
Deepfakes rely on a branch of AI called Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). It requires two machine learning ( ) networks that teach each other with an ongoing ( ) feedback loop ( ). The first one takes real content and alters ( ) it. Then, the second machine learning network, known as the discriminator ( ), tests the authenticity ( ) of the changes.
GANs are still in the early stages, but people expect numerous potential commercial applications ( ). For example, some can convert ( ) a single image into different poses ( ). Others can suggest outfits ( ) similar to what a celebrity wears in a photo or turn a low-quality picture into a high-resolution snapshot ( ).
But, outside of those helpful uses, deepfakes could have sinister ( ) purposes. Consider the blowback ( ) if a criminal creates a deepfake video of something that would hurt someone’s reputation ( ) — for instance, a deepfake video of a politician "admitting" to illegal activities, like accepting a bribe ( ).
「深度偽造」是什麼?
「深度偽造」依賴人工智慧(AI)的分支「生成對抗網路」(GAN)。「生成對抗網路」責成兩個機器學習網路,透過不斷生成的回饋迴路互相學習。第一個「機器學習」網路變造真實的內容。然後,第二個機器學習網路「資料辨識器」,對這些更動進行鑑識。
「生成對抗網路」仍處於初步發展階段,但人們預期它在商業應用上擁有巨大潛力。例如,它可以將單張影像變換成不同的姿勢。它們可以找出名人在照片中所穿的類似服裝,或將低畫質的照片轉換為高解析度的快照。
然而,除了正向的應用之外,也會有居心不良的「深度偽造」。倘若罪犯創造出一部妨害他人名聲的深度偽造影片,例如讓一名政治人物「承認」接受賄賂等違法行為的一部深偽影片,所造成的衝擊將難以衡量。
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臉書發布3d場景重建數據集
I am excited to share work from my team at Facebook Reality Labs: the Replica Dataset - a high quality dataset of 18 3D reconstruction that has clean dense geometry, high resolution and high dynamic range textures, glass and mirror surface information, and semantic class and instance segmentation. See https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.05797 for more details. You can download Replica v1 now via https://github.com/facebookresearch/Replica-Dataset
This was a joint effort with FAIR and their awesome AI Habitat Simulator (https://aihabitat.org/). Here are two blog posts describing how Replica and AI Habtiat fit together to train the next generation of AI agents and assistants:
https://tech.fb.com/facebook-reality-labs-replica-simulati…/
https://ai.facebook.com/…/open-sourcing-ai-habitat-an-simul…
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So, one of the common and frequently asked questions on the channel is actually a non “tech-related” question, where people asked: What is my Fitness Routine?
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