【早期郊野公園規劃:禁止「破壞邊洲」觀景台】
政府主導嘅「周遊六角」山徑設計比賽結果近日出爐,「破邊洲觀景台」嘅設計概念非常震撼,但都不及對香港地質公園嘅景觀保育(landscape conservation)嘅潛在衝擊大。呢啲係自然景觀上突出嘅龐然人造巨物,象徵住以往郊野公園設施嘅低調、不經不覺融入自然嘅設計概念已逝,取而代之嘅係一個又一個吸引人流、有意無意地提供視覺震撼嘅「打卡熱點」。
回顧1970-80年代郊野公園初期規劃文件,呢類具視覺侵略性(visually intrusive)嘅設施,根本唔可以係破邊洲旁邊出現。何況今日破邊洲一帶已貴為世界地質公園(Global GeoPark),若果持續搞呢啲打卡設施帶來景觀破壞,會否為動搖其地質公園地位屬未知之數。
▌破邊洲規劃:禁止視覺災難康樂設施
本土研究社早前透過《公開資料守則》,獲得一份西貢郊野公園嘅「發展限制圖則」(Development Control Plan)【註1】,發現破邊洲附近嘅花山一帶,即係現在「破壞邊洲」觀景台所在嘅位置,係屬於「發展限制第二區」(Development Control Zone Category II),該區特別註明其發展限制:除了「低視覺影響康樂設施」外,一概不准任何發展(No development except certain low visual impact recreational facilities)。
毋庸置疑,現在「周遊六角」各得獎作品均有頗高嘅視覺衝擊,未知漁護署喺比賽前有否告知各參賽隊伍該區原有嘅政策限制。若無,作為始作俑者嘅政府,係咪應該交代呢啲保護景觀嘅守則係咪已經無人理。
▌當年「發展限制第二區」有多嚴格?
有關郊野公園內發展限制(Development Control)政策嘅公開資料極少,咁「發展限制第二區」執行上係有多嚴格?可考據嘅案例不多,暫時唯一可考嘅係1970年代末期由前港督麥理浩「揭發」嘅西貢郊野公園內嘅視覺污染事件。
事發地點同樣喺西貢、所在位置亦是「發展限制第二區」,最後該小型違規發展亦須拆除,可見郊野公園初期對於景觀維護極為重視。
參考一份解密政府歷史檔案【註2】,1978年,麥理浩巡視西貢黃石碼頭時發現近深灣岸邊(即高流灣附近海灣)有一經營魚排嘅漁民所搭建未經申請嘅小型建築物,要求立即跟進。
當年漁農署調查後,對照發展限制圖則所在區域(同樣係「發展限制第二區」),認為即使那只是一個小小的避風處(Shelter),但已經造成視覺污染(polluting visually),而且直接與郊野公園及其引人入勝嘅環境衝突(conflicting with the adjacent Country Park and the generally attractive surrounding environment)、亦同長遠附近嘅康樂規劃不協調,最後需要整個建構物拆卸。可見在當年謹慎嘅規劃下,一座小小嘅建構物係自然環境中都不被接受,亦有將郊野公園長遠規劃嘅視野放入每項小型發展嘅考慮當中。
▌「發展限制圖則」被丢入垃圾桶?
「破壞邊洲」觀景台所帶來嘅視覺衝擊明顯比當年西貢岸邊嘅小小建構物更大,為公眾觀賞地質奇觀而興建龐然人造巨物,倒過頭來破壞景觀,整件事極為諷刺。不少郊野公園用家、關心呢啲自然遺產嘅朋友對「破壞邊洲」觀景台劣評如潮。
值得注意嘅係,呢個觀景台設計比賽之所以能夠出現,係咪代表「發展限制圖則」已經畀漁護署丢入垃圾桶?咁現時郊野公園內嘅發展限制係如何執行?如果無晒呢啲內部準則,日後一項項駭人聽聞嘅 #搞郊旅遊 設施,將會不斷湧現。
#搞乜郊野
#破邊洲
#打卡熱點
【註1】Development Control Plan, Sai Kung Country Parks
透過《公開資料守則獲得》,確實訂立年份不詳,大約是1970-80年代。
《發展限制圖則》將每個郊野公園分為六區
第一區: 不准任何形式發展
(Category I: No development allowed );
第二區:不准任何低視覺影響康樂設施以外的發展
(Category II: No development except certain low visual impact recreational facilities);
第三區:准許發展分散發展小型非形式化公眾康樂設施
(Category III: Development would be restricted to small scale dispersed facilities serving or
enhancing informal public recreation);
第四區:准許分散發展大型非形式化公眾康樂設施
(Category IV: Development of dispersed large scale informal public recreation facilities may be acceptable in certain locations);
第五區:任何形式並符合鄉郊環境的康樂設施(Category V: Any recreational development compatible with a rural setting Category VI);
第六區:任何形式並符合鄉郊環境的發展
(Any development compatible with a rural setting)
郊野公園絕大部分範圍均屬於第一區至第四區,第五區、第六區多位於郊野公園邊界外。
【註2】香港歷史檔案館館藏 HKRS1708-1-3 CONSERVATION OF NATURE – CONTROLS OF DEVELOPMENT INSIDE SAI KUNG COUNTRY PARKS – INCLUDING MARICULTURE AT SHAM WAN LONG HARBOUR
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low impact development 在 IELTS Nguyễn Huyền Facebook 的最佳解答
MỘT SỐ CỤM TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA CHỦ ĐỀ TOURISM (DU LỊCH)
▪️to travel abroad = to travel to a foreign country = to travel to other countries: du lịch nước ngoài
▪️space travel = travelling to other planets = travelling to the universe: du lịch vào không gian
▪️popular tourist destinations = famous tourist attractions: điểm đến du lịch nổi tiếng
international tourism = international travel: du lịch quốc tế
▪️tourists from overseas = international tourists = foreign tourists: khách du lịch quốc tế
▪️to travel alone = to travel on your own: đi du lịch một mình
▪️local residents = local people: người dân địa phương
▪️remote areas = isolated places = distant regions: những khu vực xa xôi, hẻo lánh
historical sites = historic landmarks = historic buildings: các địa danh lịch sử
▪️stunning scenery = spectacular natural landscapes: cảnh thiên nhiên tuyệt đẹp
▪️… bring a range of benefits for X = X benefit(s) a great deal from …: mang lại lợi ích cho X/ X hưởng lợi nhiều từ…
▪️to give X a chance to explore the world = X is/are given the opportunity to explore different cultures and traditions = X have a chance to explore different parts of the world: cho X cơ hội khám phá thế giới/ X được trao cơ hội khám phá các nền văn hóa và truyền thống khác nhau/ X có cơ hội khám phá các khu vực khác nhau trên thế giới
▪️to open our minds = to broaden our horizons: mở rộng tầm nhìn
▪️to meet new people = to make friends with other travellers: làm quen với nhiều người
▪️to gain a deeper insight into other cultures … = to have a deeper understanding of other cultures: có cái nhìn sâu sắc hơn về các nền văn hóa khác
▪️the growth in the tourist industry = the development of tourism: sự phát triển của ngành du lịch
▪️to be very important to any country’s economic growth = to play an essential role in any nation’s economic development = to help boost economic growth: quan trọng cho sự phát triển kinh tế của bất kỳ quốc gia nào
▪️low-cost airline = cheap air travel = budget airline: hãng hàng không giá rẻ/ đi du lịch giá rẻ
▪️tourist facilities = restaurants, theme parks, water parks,…: cơ sở vật chất du lịch/ khách sạn, công viên giải trí, công viên nước
▪️to have a negative effect on the environment = to have an adverse impact on the environment = to cause environmental damage = to lead to air pollution/ water contamination/…: có ảnh hưởng tiêu cực lên môi trường/ gây sự tàn phá môi trường/ dẫn tới ô nhiễm không khí, nước
▪️to threaten wildlife = to pose a threat to wildlife: đe dọa động vật hoang dã
https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/paraphrasing-chu-de-tourism/
#paraphrase #ieltsnguyenhuyen