關於 mortar military ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

早安！
分享一篇不錯的演講給大家看看！

【中英雙語展示 ‧ 許國榮 Alex Hui 翻譯】
Ugandan President’s address to his nation. One of the best Covid-19 speeches till now, from anyone anywhere in this world.
以下是烏干達總統對他國民的致詞。 迄今為止，從來自世界各地對於有關Covid-19的演詞來說，被公認最佳演詞之一。
Uganda President KAGUTA MUSEVENI warns against people misbehaving during this COVID-19 period, "God has a lot of work, He has the whole world to look after. He cannot just be here in Uganda looking after idiots".
烏干達總統卡古塔·穆塞韋尼（KAGUTA MUSEVENI）告誡人們不要在COVID-19時期表現不佳，「上帝有很多工作需要做，整個世界都需要祂去照顧。他不能只是在烏干達這裡照顧你們這一班白痴。」
"In a war situation, nobody asks anyone to stay indoors. You stay indoors by choice. In fact, if you have a basement, you hide there for as long as hostilities persist.
在戰爭情況下，沒有人要求任何人呆在室內。你會選擇留在室內。實際上，如果你有地下室，只要戰火持續下去，你都會一直呆在那裡。
During a war, you don't insist on your freedom. You willingly give it up in exchange for survival.
在戰爭中，您不會堅持自己的自由。 您願意放棄它以換取生存。
During a war, you don't complain of hunger. You bear hunger and pray that you live to eat again.
在戰爭中，您不會抱怨飢餓。你會忍受飢餓，並祈求天父你能夠生存，有機會再次吃飯。
During a war, you don't argue about opening your business. You close your shop (if you have the time), and run for your life. You pray to outlive the war so that you can return to your business (that's if it has not been looted or destroyed by mortar fire).
在戰爭中，你不會為商店營業而爭論。你會趕快及時關閉門戶，你會為自己的活命而禱告；並且祈求這場戰爭早日過去，以便你可以重拾若果僥倖尚存的家園。
During a war, you are thankful to God for seeing another day in the land of the living.
在戰爭中，你會感恩上帝可以存活在有生命的地上，親眼看到新的一天。
During a war, you don't worry about your children not going to school. You pray that the government does not forcefully enlist them as soldiers to be trained in the school premises now turned military depot.
在戰爭中，你不會擔心孩子不上學。 你會禱告祈求政府不要強迫他們當兵，而這些士兵要在現已變成軍用倉庫的學校場地接受軍訓。
The world is currently in a state of war. A war without guns and bullets. A war without human soldiers. A war without borders. A war without cease-fire agreements. A war without a war room. A war without sacred zones.
世界目前正處於戰爭狀態：一場沒有槍支和子彈的戰爭；沒有人類士兵的戰爭；一場毫無國界的戰爭；沒有停火協議的戰爭；沒有作戰室的戰爭；沒有神聖地帶的戰爭。
The army in this war is without mercy. It is without any milk of human kindness. It is indiscriminate - it has no respect for children, women, or places of worship. This army is not interested in spoils of war. It has no intention of regime change. It is not concerned about the rich mineral resources underneath the earth. It is not even interested in religious, ethnic or ideological hegemony. Its ambition has nothing to do with racial superiority. It is an invisible, fleetfooted, and ruthlessly effective army.
這場戰爭中的軍隊毫不留情：它沒有任何人性。它是不分青紅皂白，它不會尊重兒童、婦女、或崇拜場所。 這支軍隊對戰利品毫不感興趣。毫無意願去改變政權，毫不關心地底下的豐富礦產資源。 它甚至對宗教，種族或意識形態霸權都不感興趣。 它的野心與種族優勢無關。它是一支看不見的，腳步輕盈，殘酷無情的軍隊。

Its only agenda is a harvest of death. It is only satiated after turning the world into one big death field. Its capacity to achieve its aim is not in doubt. Without ground, amphibious and aeriel machines, it has bases in almost every country of the world. Its movement is not governed by any war convention or protocol. In short, it is a law unto itself. It is Coronavirus. Also known as COVID-19 (because it announced its destructive presence and intention in the year of our Lord 2019).
它唯一的議程是去收穫死亡。 只有在把整個世界變成橫屍遍野的大屠場之後，它才會滿足。 它實現其目標的能力是毋庸置疑的。 這支軍隊並沒有陸戰、兩棲、或空戰設備，但它的基地卻幾乎遍布世界每一角落。 它的移動並不受任何戰爭公約或協議的約束。 簡而言之，這是一支橫行無忌的軍隊。 它是冠狀病毒。 也被稱為COVID-19（因為它是在主後2019年宣布了破壞性存在和意圖）。
Thankfully, this army has a weakness and it can be defeated. It only requires our collective action, discipline and forbearance. COVID-19 cannot survive social and physical distancing. It only thrives when you confront it. It loves to be confronted. It capitulates in the face of collective social and physical distancing. It bows before good personal hygiene. It is helpless when you take your destiny in your own hands by keeping them sanitized as often as possible.
不過，值得慶幸的好訊息是：這支軍隊都有弱點，它可以被擊敗。 只需要我們的集體行動，紀律和寬容。 COVID-19無法倖免於社交和軀體上的隔離。 它只有在你刻意面對它時才能蓬勃發展；牠喜歡被迎面對抗。 但面對集體性的社交和身軀上的距離，它投降了。它在保持良好個人衛生之前先鞠躬退役。 當你通過盡可能地掌握自己的命運，清潔雙手時，它更是無奈。
This is not a time to cry about bread and butter like spoilt children. After all, the Holy book tells us that man shall not live by bread alone. Let's obey and follow the instructions of the authorities. Let's flatten the COVID-19 curve. Let's exercise patience. Let's be our brothers' keeper. In no time, we shall regain our freedom, enterprise and socializing."
現今並不是哭泣之時，像被寵壞的孩童那樣，哭泣暫時肚飢的時候。 畢竟，聖經告訴我們，「人活著不是單靠食物」《馬太福音4:4》。 讓我們服從並遵循當局的指示。 讓我們展平COVID-19的曲線。 讓我們保持耐心。 讓我們成為兄弟互相的守護。 我們恢復自由、進取和社會交往，指日可待。
In the midst of EMERGENCY, we practice urgency of service and the urgency of love for others. God bless us all.
在緊急狀態中，好讓我們操練迫切性的互相服務，和迫切性的互相關懷。但願慈愛的天父上帝憐憫祝福各位。

The best and most intelligent public speech ever made during Covid-19.
以上是「新冠病毒」疫情中，被公認為曾經發表過的明智公開演講。

#防疫人人有責

以色列艾比特系統公司(Elbet System) 開發「鐵刺」(Iron Sting)迫擊砲雷射與GPS定位系統，加強120公厘迫砲攻擊準確度

Iron Sting is an Israeli 120mm laser and Guided Mortar Munition (GMM) manufactured by Elbit Systems Land.
Read more https://wp.me/p3avY4-65u

這款大家應該都很熟，原為二戰運輸機C-47原，在1960年代越戰期間，改裝成空中砲艇「AC-47」，代號「幽靈」(Spooky)，綽號被稱「噴火神龍」(Puff, the Magic Dragon，出自1963年發表的美國流行歌曲〈魔法龍帕夫〉)

美軍在C-47的兩個窗開口上，以及所有左側的貨艙門上安裝3挺M134機槍(Minigun)，其主要功能是為地面部隊實行近距空中支援，可以提供綿密的火網支援，有效火力覆蓋約為一個平均直徑47.5公尺的微橢圓面，由於在越南戰場上得到實戰驗證，獲得駐越美軍的尊敬與仰賴，這也是美軍首個空中砲艇的始祖

#VietnamReviited
The Douglas AC-47 Spooky (also nicknamed "Puff, the Magic Dragon") was the first in a series of gunships developed by the United States Air Force during the Vietnam War. It was designed to provide more firepower than light and medium ground-attack aircraft in certain situations when ground forces called for close air support.
In August 1964, years of fixed-wing gunship experimentation reached a new peak with Project Tailchaser under the direction of Capt. John C. Simons. This test involved the conversion of a single Convair C-131B to be capable of firing a single GAU-2/A Minigun at a downward angle out of the left side of the aircraft. Even crude grease pencil crosshairs were quickly discovered to enable a pilot flying in a pylon turn to hit a stationary area target with relative accuracy and ease. The Armament Development and Test Center tested the craft at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, but lack of funding soon suspended the tests. In 1964, Capt. Ron W. Terry returned from temporary duty in Vietnam as part of an Air Force Systems Command team reviewing all aspects of air operations in counter-insurgency warfare, where he had noted the usefulness of C-47s and C-123s orbiting as flare ships during night attacks on fortified hamlets. He received permission to conduct a live-fire test using the C-131 and revived the side-firing gunship program.

By October, Capt. Terry's team under Project Gunship provided a C-47D, which was converted to a similar standard as the Project Tailchaser aircraft and armed with three miniguns, which were initially mounted on locally fabricated mounts—essentially strapped gun pods intended for fixed-wing aircraft (SUU-11/A) onto a mount allowing them to be fired remotely out the port side. Captain Terry and a testing team arrived at Bien Hoa Air Base, South Vietnam, on 2 December 1964, with equipment needed to modify two C-47s. The first test aircraft (43-48579, a C-47B-5-DK mail courier converted to C-47D standard by removal of its superchargers) was ready by 11 December, the second by 15 December, and both were allocated to the 1st Air Commando Squadron for combat testing. The newly dubbed "FC-47" often operated under the radio call sign "Puff". Its primary mission involved protecting villages, hamlets, and personnel from mass attacks by VC guerrilla units.

Puff's first significant success occurred on the night of 23–24 December 1964. An FC-47 arrived over the Special Forces outpost at Tranh Yend in the Mekong Delta just 37 minutes after an air support request, fired 4,500 rounds of ammunition, and broke the Viet Cong attack. The FC-47 was then called to support a second outpost at Trung Hung, about 20 miles (32 km) away. The aircraft again blunted the VC attack and forced a retreat. Between 15 and 26 December, all the FC-47's 16 combat sorties were successful. On 8 February 1965, an FC-47 flying over the Bong Son area of Vietnam’s Central Highlands demonstrated its capabilities in the process of blunting a Viet Cong offensive. For over four hours, it fired 20,500 rounds into a Viet Cong hilltop position, killing an estimated 300 Viet Cong troops.

The early gunship trials were so successful, the second aircraft was returned to the United States early in 1965 to provide crew training. In July 1965, Headquarters USAF ordered TAC to establish an AC-47 squadron. By November 1965, a total of five aircraft were operating with the 4th Air Commando Squadron, activated in August as the first operational unit, and by the end of 1965, a total of 26 had been converted. Training Detachment 8, 1st Air Commando Wing, was subsequently established at Forbes AFB, Kansas. In Operation Big Shoot, the 4th ACS in Vietnam grew to 20 AC-47s (16 aircraft plus four reserves for attrition).

The 4th ACS deployed to Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Vietnam, on 14 November 1965. Now using the call sign "Spooky", each of its three 7.62 mm miniguns could selectively fire either 50 or 100 rounds per second. It can be seen in action here. Cruising in an overhead left-hand orbit at 120 knots air speed at an altitude of 3,000 feet (910 m), the gunship could put a bullet or glowing red tracer (every fifth round) bullet into every square yard of a football field-sized target in potentially less than 10 seconds. And, as long as its 45-flare and 24,000-round basic load of ammunition held out, it could do this intermittently while loitering over the target for hours.
In May 1966, the squadron moved north to Nha Trang Air Base to join the newly activated 14th Air Commando Wing. The 3rd Air Commando Squadron was activated at Nha Trang on 5 April 1968 as a second AC-47 squadron, with both squadrons redesignated as Special Operations Squadrons on 1 August 1968. Flights of both squadrons were stationed at bases throughout South Vietnam, and one flight of the 4th SOS served at Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base with the 432nd Tactical Reconnaissance Wing. The superb work of the two AC-47 squadrons, each with 16 AC-47s flown by aircrews younger than the aircraft they flew, was undoubtedly a key contributor to the award of the Presidential Unit Citation to the 14th Air Commando Wing in June 1968.
One of the most publicized battles of the Vietnam War was the siege of Khe Sanh in early 1968, known as "Operation Niagara". More than 24,000 tactical and 2700 B-52 strikes dropped 110,000 tons of ordnance in attacks that averaged over 300 sorties per day. During the two and a half months of combat in that tiny area, fighters were in the air day and night. At night, AC-47 gunships kept up a constant chatter of fire against enemy troops. During darkness, AC-47 gunships provided illumination against enemy troops.

The AC-47D gunship should not be confused with a small number of C-47s which were fitted with electronic equipment in the 1950s. Prior to 1962, these aircraft were designated AC-47D. When a new designation system was adopted in 1962, these became EC-47Ds. The original gunships had been designated FC-47D by the United States Air Force, but with protests from fighter pilots, this designation was changed to AC-47D during 1965. Of the 53 aircraft converted to AC-47 configuration, 41 served in Vietnam and 19 were lost to all causes, 12 in combat. Combat reports indicate that no village or hamlet under Spooky Squadron protection was ever lost, and a plethora of reports from civilians and military personnel were made about AC-47s coming to the rescue and saving their lives.

As the United States began Project Gunship II and Project Gunship III, many of the remaining AC-47Ds were transferred to the Vietnam Air Force, the Royal Lao Air Force, and to Cambodia's Khmer Air Force, after Prince Norodom Sihanouk was deposed in a coup by General Lon Nol.

A1C John L. Levitow, an AC-47 loadmaster with the 3rd SOS, received the Medal of Honor for saving his aircraft, Spooky 71, from destruction on 24 February 1969 during a fire support mission at Long Binh. The aircraft was struck by an 82-mm mortar round that inflicted 3,500 shrapnel holes, wounding Levitow 40 times, but he used his body to jettison an armed magnesium flare, which ignited shortly after Levitow ejected it from the aircraft, allowing the AC-47 to return to base. #Phoenix

参考文献＆参照サイト
オールカラー最新軍用銃事典　並木書房
https://amzn.to/3fbsCCb

世界の銃 最強ランキング　学研パブリッシング
https://amzn.to/35nrGGp

コンバット・バイブル―アメリカ陸軍教本完全図解マニュアル　日本出版社
https://amzn.to/2z1A2Y6

イギリス陸軍の小隊火器の見直し
https://news.militaryblog.jp/e754792.html

イギリス陸軍 L86A2 LSWなど3種類の支援火器の廃止を正式に決定
https://news.militaryblog.jp/web/British-Army-officially-decided-to/retire-L110A3-M6-60mm-Mortar-L86A2-LSW.html

イギリス軍が装備重量削減を狙ってL110 5.56mm軽機関銃を廃止
https://news.militaryblog.jp/web/UK-decided-to-end/L110-556-LMG-for-weight-reduction.html

Talk:FN Minimi
http://www.imfdb.org/wiki/Talk:FN_Minimi

Why were early machine guns such as the FN MINIMI magazine fed and why aren't they magazine fed anymore?
https://www.quora.com/Why-were-early-machine-guns-such-as-the-FN-MINIMI-magazine-fed-and-why-arent-they-magazine-fed-anymore

ミニミ軽機関銃
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8B%E3%83%9F%E8%BB%BD%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2%E9%8A%83

FN Minimi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN_Minimi

M249 light machine gun
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M249_light_machine_gun

Mk 48 machine gun
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mk_48_machine_gun

ＦＮミニミ　ＳＡＷ　Ｍ２４９
http://gun45.d.dooo.jp/minimi.htm

SA80 assault rifle
http://defencehorizon.blogspot.com/2016/08/sa80-rifle-system.html

FN® M249 SAW
https://fnamerica.com/products/machine-guns/fn-m249-saw/?referrer=military

M27リンク
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/M27%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF

L86A2
http://www.imfdb.org/wiki/L86A2#L86A2

FN Minimi
http://www.imfdb.org/wiki/FN_Minimi

AR-10
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/AR-10

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