關於 pain theory ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【電療在做什麼？】
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「電療有效嗎？」、「我在家都自己電」
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在診所裡坐著一排排病患，身上貼著不同大小的電極片，貼著的部位有種刺麻感，這就常見的電療，包括低週波治療器、經皮神經電刺激器、干擾波等，其主要功能為止痛。
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多數人提到，電療做了好一陣子都沒有改善，因為單純電療是用來「短暫舒緩疼痛」，是一種「輔助性」治療。
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電療的效果源自「門閥控制理論」（Gate control theory），用最簡單的話來說，大腦一次只能接受一種『感覺』傳遞到大腦，痛覺、觸覺、溫度覺、震動覺，都是不同類型的感覺。因此，當一個部位在疼痛時（痛覺），給予身體另一種感覺（電刺激），原先的痛覺就會被新的感覺（電刺激的刺麻）覆蓋掉。其他例子包括：受傷後的「呼呼」、被蚊子叮時抓癢、冰敷等。
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對於短時間緩解疼痛，電療會是一個好方法，但若長時間沒有好轉或疼痛依然存在，則建議配合其他主要治療。
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其他文章、圖片：https://jackchen.sport.blog/
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#electrotherapy #TENS #IFC #pain #rehabilitation #gatecontroltheory #exercise #training #sportsinjury #physicaltherapy #physiotherapist #電療 #低周波 #經皮神經電刺激 #干擾波 #疼痛 #復健 #門閥控制理論 #運動 #訓練 #運動傷害 #物理治療 #物理治療師 #肌力與體能訓練師 #陳曉謙

Around this time last year, I wrote a reflection. 2019 was a tough year for me— but in many ways, it prepared me to face 2020. As this year comes to a close, I echo the same sentiments.

In the midst of broken roads, missed trajectories, and the incessant fear of the unknown, some things remained unchanged. The strength we gathered, the values that remained intact, the relationships and loyalties that survived, and the dreams that never seem to fade— these are what we will carry into 2021.

If anything, 2020 was a litmus test. This year did not change people; It simply revealed who we are. Someone told me that if you could face yourself in the mirror and know you did all you can, with good in your heart, then you can already be proud.

Stay proud of yourself. You do not need to “try” to be positive. Close your eyes, and embrace all that has been good and bad. You might be surprised that you are so much better than what you perceive yourself to be.

***
2019:

“Many people have reached out to me and asked, how am I being positive with all the challenges this year has brought?

I have a little theory. Call it a coping mechanism, if you will.

My belief is that pain is a shared human experience. No one is exempt from it. Those who go through disappointments and failures are presented with an equal opportunity to rise above them.

Not all of us can succeed in every instance, BUT in the times we DO, we allow ourselves to be living proof for someone who thinks they will not make it through...

So in times of discouragement, I look to people whose strength was formed by struggle. I remind myself that what I truly admire about them is the pain they overcame, and the triumph that represents. It is not about the outcome, but rather about the journey that brought them there.

So I tell myself to walk every peak and every valley— the great, the mediocre, the terrible. It is these times that form who we are, and give us the right to one day tell someone: “You will get through. I am proof that you can.”

****
Last photo of the series taken by @jadapoonphotography . Make up @gabbie.makeup
#jadapoonphotography #breathe #challenges #criselconsunji #keepgoing #2021 #reflections

【踮起腳尖痛，腳踝也會有夾擠問題？】

(這次文章內容稍長，若懶得看文字內容可直接觀看影片)

大家應該對於肩夾擠、髖夾擠這兩個名詞不陌生，但你有聽過腳踝夾擠嗎？夾擠指的是我們的骨頭過度擠壓到周遭的軟組織，可能是肌腱、韌帶或是滑液膜等等，造成疼痛或角度受限。夾擠是一個症候群，並非一個特定的病症，夾擠症候群底這個名詞底下，可能夾到的組織不同，造成的原因歧異度也非常大，造成評估上其實並不是那麼容易。腳踝夾擠雖然沒有像肩夾擠一樣有被正式分類成不同的夾擠類型，但仍能根據症狀呈現的方式跟解剖構造簡單分為前夾擠跟後夾擠，若還要再細分還會分前內側、前外側夾擠，以及後內側、後外側夾擠。

前側夾擠的症狀主要出現在腳踝背屈末端角度的時候，脛距關節 (Tibiotalar joint) 前側的組織受到擠壓。腳踝前側的有不少脂肪、滑囊組織，正常情況，這些組織會在腳踝背屈15度過後受到擠壓，但如果在遠端脛骨前側或是距骨頸有增生的骨頭的話，便可能限縮前側的空間，讓組織提早受到壓迫。如果長期在這角度下活動，就可能進一步造成慢性的發炎，或是造成關節囊韌帶的增生。除此之外，如果腳踝曾經扭過傷，造成韌帶或皺襞增厚的話，也是可能造成前側夾擠的原因之一。

雖然這些解剖構造上的變化已有多篇文章有所描述。但造成這些組織增生的原因卻仍不是很清楚。因為運動員有比較高的比例有這樣的問題，有些學者認為前側夾擠可能是因為頻繁地做出大角度的背屈，或是因為運動過程中受到的外力，讓前側軟骨邊緣反覆受到衝擊所造成。也有些學者認為，踝關節的不穩定，造成關節有不正常的微小滑動，也是一個可能造成骨質增生、或是軟組織受到夾擠的的原因。另外在比較早期的文章，一開始學者認為前側的骨質增生可能是來自於頻繁地蹠屈，牽拉到關節囊，進而造成關節處的增生，只是這樣的假設被後來的研究給推翻了。

因為前側夾擠症狀大多是在腳踝背屈的末端角度下出現，上樓梯、跑步、走上坡、爬梯還有深蹲是幾個比較容易會加劇前側疼痛的活動。若未接受妥善治療，在症狀後期可能會因為組織的增生或疼痛，造成更進一步的活動度受限、夾擠和周圍組織的傷害，再回頭限制關節活動度與功能，形成惡性循環。

後側夾擠的症狀主要出現在腳踝蹠屈到末端角度的時候，脛距關節與距跟關節後側的組織受到擠壓。後側夾擠常出現在需要頻繁把腳踝往下壓的人身上，像是芭蕾舞者、需要頻繁跳躍的運動員等等。與前側夾擠雷同，後側夾擠可能是骨質或是軟組織的夾擠，或是兩者同時存在。距骨後外側 (trigonal process) 的骨質增生是比較常被認為導致後側夾擠的原因。除此之外，頻繁的將腳板大幅度的往下踩，可能會導致後側關節囊、後下脛腓韌帶、三角韌帶的後側韌帶發炎，產生疤痕組織，進而造成組織增厚。另外我們的屈足拇長肌的肌腱經過距骨後側的內、外骨突中間的凹槽，也很容易因為過度使用，或是周遭骨質的增生，造成肌腱病變，像是肌腱或腱鞘炎的問題。

與前側夾擠的疼痛大多較為淺層、可觸摸的到相反，後側夾擠的症狀通常較為模糊，比較難有一個特定的單點疼痛，而且位置較深，通常落在阿基里斯腱底下。這也讓後側夾擠不容易和阿基里斯腱或是腓骨長肌的問題做區分。因為症狀出現在腳踝往下踩的時候，走下坡、下樓梯或是穿鞋跟較高的鞋子是幾個容易誘發症狀出現的活動。芭蕾舞者之所以比較容易出現這樣的症狀，被認為是因為需要頻繁的做出踮腳站，承重在前足的關係。

雖然影像檢查出來的骨質、軟組織的病變被認為是可能導致腳踝夾擠的原因之一，但實際上研究還是有提到，我們仍然不能光靠這些影像結果證據就判斷踝關節是否夾擠。影像檢查與我們的症狀表現之間的相關程度有限，仍需要結合其他理學檢查做綜合判斷才行。針對踝關節夾擠的介入，目前比較常見的作法仍是先採取保守治療，若在急性疼痛期，需要先避免會造成疼痛的動作，有必要的話也會使用消炎藥來控制疼痛。在非急性期，甚至是已經是慢性問題的個案，我們則需要著重在踝關節穩定、本體感覺的訓練上，畢竟前面有提到，踝關節不穩、扭傷都是可能造成夾擠的原因之一。與其他肌肉骨骼問題一樣，即使解剖構造上的異常也會被認為是造成踝關節夾擠的原因，但大多數的個案都能在不開刀的情況下有很好的進步。若有類似的狀況，一樣記得先找醫療人員的協助，避免症狀隨著時間越變越嚴重。底下的影片 (6:52) 將跟大家分享幾個簡單的踝關節穩定與本體感覺的訓練。

Impingement syndrome is a common musculoskeletal problem in shoulder and hip joints. But have you ever heard of ankle impingement? Impingement syndrome refers to abnormal contact of bony structures or soft tissue, e.g., tendon, ligament, synovial tissue, resulting in pain and restriction. Through different causes of impingement syndrome, it includes different medical signs or symptoms. Therefore, causes of impingement syndrome differ from person to person, making it more difficult to make a right diagnosis. Although ankle impingement is not officially classified into different types like shoulder impingement, researchers still sort it into anterior and posterior impingement according to anatomical structures are involved. More specifically, it can be classified into anteriomedial, anteriolateral, posteriomedial and posteriolateral impingement.

Symptoms of anterior ankle impingement are generally induced by compression of anterior margin of tibiotalar joint in terminal dorsiflexion. There are adipose and synovial tissues in the anterior joint space. Normally, these tissues are compressed after 15 degree of dorsiflexion in healthy individuals. However, if there is osteophyte at anterior distal tibia or talus neck, it will take up the space and limit ankle movement, causing early compression. This will result in chronic inflammation, synovitis, and capsuloligamentous hypertrophy. Apart from this, ankle sprain, thickened anterior tibiofibular ligament and synovial plica are also possible causative factors.

Even though structural pathologies are well described in much research, their exact etiologies are still less understood. Research showed that athletes are tend to affected by anterior impingement, and it led to hypothesis that pathologies are caused by repetitive impact injury to anterior chondral margin from hyper-dorsiflexion or direct impact during sports. Chronic ankle instability has also been hypothesized to be the causative factor of anterior impingement, because abnormal repetitive micromotion may develop bony and soft tissue lesions. In addition, early research hypothesized anterior osteophyte is caused by traction to the anterior capsule during repetitive plantar flexion, but this theory was disproved by later anatomic studies.

Anterior impingement symptom typically presents as anterior ankle pain during terminal dorsiflexion. Climbing stairs, running, walking up hills, ascending ladders and deep squat are common aggravating activities. If anterior impingement doesn’t get treated well, in the later stage, joint mobility may be further restricted due to mechanical block or pain, resulting in vicious circle.

Posterior ankle impingement symptom typically occurs in terminal plantarflexion, due to compression of tissues posterior to the tibiotalar and talocalcaneal joint. Posterior impingement tend to occur in athletes who need to plantarflex frequently, like ballet dancers, etc. Similarly, posterior impingement can result from compression of bony or soft tissue in isolation or in combination. Trigonal process of posterior talus is the most common cause of posterior impingement. Besides this, repetitive hyper-plantarflexion may cause posterior capsule, inferior tibiofibular ligament, and posterior fiber of deltoid ligament inflammation, scarring, and thickening. Lastly, tendinitis and tenosynovitis are easily found in flexor hallucis longus tendon, running between the medial and lateral posterior process of the talus. This probably results from overuse or irritation from surrounding abnormal bony tissue. The tissues mentioned above are all possible causative factors to the posterior ankle impingement.

In contrast to patients with anterior impingement pain that are accessible to palpation, posterior impingement pain is less specific, deep to the Achilles tendon. This makes it difficult to differentiate from Achilles tendon or peroneal tendon pathology. Since posterior impingement symptom is usually irritated by repetitive plantarflexion, walking downstairs, downhill running, and wearing high-heeled shoes are some common exacerbated activities to posterior impingement syndrome. Ballet dancers are commonly affected by posterior impingement syndrome due to weight bearing on forefoot in plantarflexion position over and over again.

Though osseous or soft tissues abnormality in radiography is seen to be one of the causes of ankle impingement, it doesn’t mean that we can simply blame patient’s symptom on these structural pathology. In fact, there is a limited correlation between medical image findings and our symptom. We should integrate patient’s history, physical examination, imaging studies, etc., for accurate diagnosis. Conservative treatment remains first option to manage ankle impingement. In acute stage, patient should avoid from doing provocative activities. If it is necessary, NSAIDs can be used for pain management. In chronic stage, clinicians should focus on ankle stability and proprioception training because ankle instability and sprain are both causative factors of ankle impingement. Just like other musculoskeletal disease, even though structural abnormality is thought to be a possible cause of ankle impingement, most ankle impingement cases still respond well to conservative treatment. If you have any similar medical problem, please find medical professions for help. The video below will show you some simple ways to train our ankle stability and proprioception.

參考資料：
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27608626/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00247-019-04459-5
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5065672/

#腳踝夾擠 #踝關節不穩 #腳踝扭傷 #本體感覺訓練 #物理治療 #ankleimingement #ankleinstability #anklesprain #proprioception #physiotherapy #hunterptworkout

SIMON JAP 3rd ALBUM
『ART OF PAIN』(2020/07/29)
各社音楽配信はこちらから
https://linkco.re/nzmacvQA

メンバーが着用してるギアの購入はこちらから
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「ART OF PAIN」歌詞
※〈Hook〉
傷み覚え怒り留めて
闇恐れず光求めて
歩み止めず希望届けて
情熱燃える 魂が吼えてる×2

〈SIMON JAP〉
これは痛みが無ければ生まれないアート
痛みを知らなきゃ掴めないハート
まるで赤ん坊が誕生
する時の様に与える感動

産声上げた我が子を抱き
涙流して喜ぶ親達
苦しみ乗り越えたその先に
笑って待っててくれる友やファミリーに

会いに行こうぜ みんなそれぞれの挑戦
潜り抜け辿り着いたぜここへ
時にゃ投げ出したい時もあった
独り答え探した檻の中

過ぎた歳月が教えてくれた
大切な人どれだけ愛せるか？
こんなんじゃ足りねぇぜドMじゃねぇが
新たな痛み求めるチャレンジャー

※Repeat

〈GUCHI〉
欲に溺れ我を失った
女も離れて孤独になった
1人 現実と向き合った
死にたくなったがそれも無理だった

親の存在が救いだった
友の励ましで奮い立った
歯をくいしばった 苦しかった
日々も風は優しく拭い去った

Life is not a Game (No Fate)
怠けてちゃ叶わねぇ (当然)
あの頃のままだぜ (OK?)
俺たちならばやれる 行こうぜ

No Pain No Gain 正真正銘
胸に刻んだ証と魂
No pain No gain 諦めず挑戦
一生涯 続くHip Hop Life

※Repeat

〈Felipe〉
この痛み俺は忘れねぇ
そのうち記憶は擦れてく
人生の闇に破れねぇ為　
光を集めてやっつけてくだけ

信念貫く墨の数も
増やすならその分持てよ覚悟　
側から見たらただのBad Boy
勘違いすんなよこれはアート

後悔すんなら端からやってねぇ
無傷でここには立てねぇ
夢なら一つだけ叶った
世界に一つだけの身体　

だがまだまだだ満足はしてねぇ
あの日味わった感触は消えねぇ
ただのカッコ付けでもなんもねぇ
全てがリアルな本音

※Repeat

〈麻猿〉
時代は変わるが確かな友に
俺等は俺等 痛みと共に
進んでく 同じ絆を背負い
DOPEな信念が俺等のtheory

大丈夫 道を見つける
諦めねぇ奴 誰よりも強え
病に倒れたアイツの意志も
何気なく過ごす日常の日々も

BEATに合わせつむぎ合うワード
苦しみ超え創り出すART
誰かが言ったやり直しきかない
想いが強けれりゃ気持ちは引かない

描く理想遠くあっても
追いつくからさそこで待ってろ
傷だらけでも辞めない挑戦
内に秘めた 覚めない黒煙

※Repeat

〈Tomokuni〉
相手と同じ立場になり
やっと分かった人の痛み
それと同時に悲しみと怒り
散々迷惑ばっかかけた皆に

少しずつ俺も大人になり
少なくなった苛立ち
徐々に様になってきた社会の形
当たり前に涙を流し

大抵しなくなったぜバカに
いつも感謝してるぜ母に
今はまだまだ目立たない
けど俺はもうこの手汚さない

自分にそう言い聞かして
スキルアップして良い詩書いて
俺のような奴らに聴かせて
共に行こうぜ新しい未来へ

※Repeat

〈GRACE〉
この世に残す痛みのアート
苦労乗り越え強くなるハート
仲間のお陰でここまで来た
ストリートで磨いてきた牙

俺がGRACEレペゼンJ.ACE
どんな時だって負けねぇぜってぇ
Crazyなやつとブチかますまじで
スーパースターになるこの街で

痛みも感じねぇシットは響かねぇ
クソに引く言葉の引き金
真の仲間と今日も戦う
覚悟決めぜってぇやってやる

SIMONグチにMr.G THUG
麻猿にFelipe,Tomokuni Asq
暗闇の先に希望溢れる
痛みの数だけ優しくなれる

※Repeat

着用してた
キャップはこちら
https://warugakigear.thebase.in/items/23344138

Tシャツはこちら
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SIMON JAP - ART OF PAIN Feat. Warugaki☆G @warugakigear（GUCHI @gandgproject ,Felipe @felipe__wg ,麻猿 @masaru0915 ,Tomokuni @tomokuni.asq ,GRACE @mr.g_thug ）
Lyrics by SIMON JAP,GUCHI,Felipe,麻猿,Tomokuni,GRACEProduced by GUCHI @G&G StudioArranged and Mixed by Fourd Nkay @fourdnkay Mastered by Hiroshi Shiota @shiota_hiroshi @Tokyo Recording
Vocals Recorded by Touma @ODORI STUDIODesign by N.S.P DesignWorks @nsp32design Photography by cherry chill will @cherrychillwill
Executive Produced by SIMON JAP

Special Thanks
 Mr.Brothers( @mr.brothers_cutclub @kenshi098 @mariokart_barber @koki0718 @tawara90 @taira_01.11 @shoma_sugimura @mr.taxi13 @daichan_1124 @knnya_042 ）
彫よしさん @horiyoshi_3
参代目彫よし 総領 @souryou
Boo aka フルスイン　@boo_a.k.a._fullswing
Yoji Yashima @yojiyashima
GOMESS @gomessjapan
のぶゴリラ @nobu_gorilla
太尊 @1982tyson
ハサウェイ譲治 @george_james_hathaway
VENOM @venom_chiba
手裏剣 @rhimesshuriken
常陸 飛雄馬 @h.hyuma0216
TARGET-SHIBUYA- @targetshibuya
Dyki @dykinman
NAKANISHI YU @yu.biker
渡邊 雄斗 @yuto_watanabe_
彫しの @notattoo_nolife_tattoostudio

J.ACE LAVEL @jacelavel_official
Warugaki☆Gear @warugakigear

#simonjap #jacelavel #artofpain

SIMON JAP（サイモンジャップ）
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SIMON JAP Feat.GRACE - 生き様（prod.Fourd Nkay)
https://youtu.be/qu0Kib7qxsg

SIMON JAP - 今Cali（produced by DJ YUTAKA）
https://youtu.be/pY4fGzhic9w

SIMON JAP - くそったれFor Life Remix feat.GADORO, 漢 a.k.a. GAMI（Pro dj honda）
https://youtu.be/aVjnTPZj5rk

SIMON JAP - 居場所
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGG_a...

SIMON JAP - TOKYO BOY Feat.Zeebra（Pro Fourd Nkay ）Official Music Video