關於 percentage of sales revenue ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

A Christmas Story 一個聖誕節的故事

There is much good in the world. Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays!

世上仍有許多美好的事物。聖誕快樂！

★★★★★★★★★★★★

About a week ago, I saw a family receiving help from a charity. The volunteer gave them secondhand clothes and a pair of shoes to a little girl. Her father thanked the volunteer while the little girl looked so happy and jumped around in her new shoes. It deeply touched me. How fortunate I am to live in the comfort of my home without needing to worry about food or clothes on these cold winter days. It also reminded me of my childhood.

大概一個星期前，我看到某戶人家獲得慈善機構的協助。志工提供他們二手衣物，並將一雙鞋子送給了一位小女孩。小女孩的父親看見自己的女兒洋溢著幸福的笑容，連忙向志工道謝，一旁的小女孩則穿起鞋子手舞足蹈。這樣的畫面，深深觸動了我。現在的我無疑是幸運的，無須挨餓受凍，卻不禁使我想起自己的童年。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

When I was younger, my family was also disadvantaged, and I relied on government aid just to be able to eat at times. I still remember wearing secondhand clothes that don't fit and gluing my shoes together because the sole would detach whenever I ran too fast. Now, I have my own educational platform, live a comfortable life, and have a tiny bit of influence. I can and must do much more to help.

年幼時，我生長在相對弱勢的家庭，須仰賴政府補助，才能享用學校的營養午餐。我記得自己穿著完全不合身的二手衣褲，必須用強力膠把鞋子黏好，以防我跑動時鞋底又脫落。如今，我有了自己的教育平臺，生活無虞而有餘裕，也累積了些許影響力。我想，自己必須做的更多。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

I began researching possible ways to contribute to needy children, who honestly do not need English learning more than they need food in their bellies and a coat on their shoulders.

由於聖誕節將近，我開始找尋可能的途徑，來幫助那些有需要的孩子。他們需要的不是學習英語的資源，而是能夠裹腹的食物與得以禦寒的衣物。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Taiwan has a comparatively low poverty rate, partly due to government efforts and its definition of poverty as being low-income. However, what of those not listed in the government tax records? What about those without a roof over their heads? Even when a family is making what is considered the poverty line—anywhere from 170 to 350 USD per month depending on the area—they still suffer from the lack of resources. Think of how much you are currently earning. Would a family of four or five be able to survive on that if they did not have housing?

臺灣的貧困比例相對較低，部分原因在於政府的努力，另一方面則因「貧困」的定義－－低收入。但是，那些政府未登記在案亦未申報所得稅者，以及無住房供給的人，又該如何是好？即便一個家庭的所得在貧窮線以上（視地區而定，每月所得約介於１7０至３５０美元之間），仍缺乏足夠的資源。想想我們現有的所得，如果一家四口無住房供給，他們是否能夠以此為生？

★★★★★★★★★★★★

I came across a charity program and was inspired by the following (now defunct) charity fundraiser.

我偶然發現了一個慈善計劃，並受到這個慈善募款活動（現已結束）的啟發：http://bit.ly/2WByk8q

We are five international exchange students at NTU who feel welcomed to Taiwan with open arms. In the spirit of the generosity and warmth of the Taiwanese people, we would like to give back by partnering with Andrew Charity Association to provide children in the Taipei area with Christmas gifts in addition to their monthly food boxes delivered by Andrew Charity Association.

我們五位是到臺大交換的國際生。來臺交換期間，承蒙臺灣人熱情的招待，讓離鄉甚遠的我們備感溫暖。因此，我們想與臺灣本土的慈善團體「安得烈食物銀行」合作，於歲末時以「寒冬送暖」的方式，為臺北地區的弱勢兒童送上聖誕小禮、食物箱與新年祝福，讓這份溫暖傳遞給社會中更多的人。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

因此，我立刻搜尋了安得烈慈善協會:

The food boxes from Andrew Food Bank are what these children look forward to the most every month. With the Christmas holidays coming up very soon, we hope to give them another reason to smile in addition to their boxes of food…something small but enough to surprise them and let them know that someone out there cares about them.

安得烈的食物箱是孩子們每個月最期待收到的禮物，聖誕節即將到來，在這個溫馨的節日，我們希望能夠幫助這群孩子的食物箱需用費用之外，同時另外預備適合孩子的聖誕禮物，如文具、保溫瓶等，一份額外的小驚喜，讓他們感受到愛和關懷，也是為他們打氣加油，鼓勵他們在困境中不灰心，帶著希望和勇氣迎接２０２０年。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

I contacted Andrew Food Bank asked them the procedure for donation. I then researched the organization before thinking about what I could do to help.

我聯絡了安得烈食物銀行，詢問了捐贈的相關程序。我研究了並且認同機構的服務宗旨，並思考著如何提供協助。

★★★★★★★★★★★

Of course, I could start crowdfunding like the original fundraiser, but with Christmas so close, that would take far too long. I needed funding immediately, and then a Christmas miracle happened.

當然，我可以仿效原先的慈善活動開始募資，但聖誕節將至，這會花太多時間。我需募得資金，以實現聖誕奇蹟。

★★★★★★★★★★★

That night, out of nowhere, I saw a picture of a sponge scrubber exceeding my new book in sales, so I thought it would be humorous to post the picture with a link to the book. That very night, we sold about 600 books! Now I have the funding needed to purchase about 150 gifts! I only make a percentage of the total revenue, so I decided to donate double of all my proceeds from the sale to purchase gifts in addition to the food boxes for these disadvantaged children. It's my small way of saying Merry Christmas to you and giving a little warmth to the needy.

當天晚上，我猛然看見一塊菜瓜布的銷量，在博客來網上超過我出版的新書，當下感到莫名的搞笑，就將之截圖下來，在粉絲專頁中發布貼文，並附上新書的連結。不知為何，當晚我們竟奇蹟般地售出近６００本書！現在，我已募得足夠的資金，得以購買１５０份禮物。由於我只能獲得銷售總額的一小部分，因此我將盡綿薄之力，以我個人銷售所得的兩倍為捐款金額，用於購買這些弱勢孩童的禮物，為有需要的人傳遞些許溫暖，並以此向支持我的朋友們獻上聖誕節的祝福。

★★★★★★★★★★★

The most basic principle of education is caring for those around you and letting them know you care, whether they are your family, friends, or total strangers.

教育最基本的準則是關懷身邊的人，並讓他們知道你在乎他們，無論他們是你的家人、朋友，抑或是素未謀面的人。

★★★★★★★★★★★

I am not asking you to donate. Instead, let us just remember this principle of caring. Bring a little warmth into other people's lives. There are many who need your help, and we're all capable of giving so much love and care.

我並非在請求各位捐贈，而是我們都該記得這個有愛的冬天，以及這樣的生活原則。當我們行有餘力之時，不要忘了為身邊的人伸出援手，把愛傳出去。

There is much good in the world. Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays!

世上仍有許多美好的事物。聖誕快樂！

★★★★★★★★★★★

安得烈慈善協會: http://www.chaca.org.tw/

Eric’s English Lounge 宗旨與目標: https://bit.ly/2BaENzJ

★★★★★★★★★★★

資料來源:
https://www.gvm.com.tw/article/72938
https://borgenproject.org/poverty-in-taiwan/
https://www.brain.com.tw/news/articlecontent?ID=45670
https://www.chaca.org.tw/happinessangel/foodbank.aspx
https://www.dodoker.com/index.php?r=project%2Fview&id=367

［時事英文］彩券是一種窮人稅 (a tax on the poor)？
　
最近看到多家媒體報導鼓勵大家支持「公益」彩券，就聯想到之前看過的一些彩券報導。雖然每個國家的彩券發行的法律、收益的分紅和管理規範都不盡相同，還是可以參考以下美國多家知名報社關於美國彩券的社論。根據西方的經驗，購買彩券的人大多是低收入戶，他們將微薄的收入用來買「公益」彩券，窮人的錢成為彩券的主要財源，因此，公益彩券反而像變相的「窮人稅」。彩券是否如迷幻藥般，使部分窮人更窮？值得大家深思。
　
從社會與心理層面看臺灣「樂透瘋」公聽會：https://bit.ly/30W6mpJ

★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
The lottery is a particularly awful example of political corruption. Here government is raising revenue by selling the Powerball dream of wealth without work. Studies in a number of states have shown that lottery ticket sales are concentrated in poor communities, that poor people spend a larger portion of their income on tickets and that the poor are more likely to view the lottery as an investment.
　
1. political corruption 政治腐敗
2. raise revenue 提高收入
3. Powerball 威力球（美國境內發行的彩券）
4. dream of wealth 財富的夢想
5. more likely to 更傾向於
　
彩券是政治腐敗的一個特別可怕的例子。政府藉由兜售威力球一夜致富的夢來增加國家的稅收。許多州的研究表明，彩券的銷售集中在貧困社區，窮人將多數收入花在彩券上，而窮人更傾向於將彩券視為一種投資。
　
——《華盛頓郵報》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Lotteries are regressive taxes on poor people, in that a ticket costs relatively more for a poor person than a rich person, and punitive taxes on the poor and uneducated people who are the most avid buyers. The people who can least afford it are throwing away on average 47 cents on the dollar every time they buy a ticket. And the government, which relies increasingly on the lottery for funding, goes out of its way to tell them it is a good idea.
　
6. relatively more 相對更多
7. most avid buyers 最狂熱的買家
8. go out of one’s way（特別是為其他人）非常努力地做
9. punitive taxes 懲罰性賦稅
　
彩券是對窮人的累退稅，也是對那些醉心於購買且未受過教育的窮人之懲罰性賦稅。因為與富人相比，買彩券所付出的成本對窮人而言相對較高。那些負擔得起彩券的人，平均每次要花４７美分購買彩券。政府愈來愈依賴彩券來籌措資金，並竭盡全力告訴他們這是個好主意。
　
——《商業內幕》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
What if I told you there was a $70 billion tax that the poor pay the most. You'd probably say that isn't very fair. But that's exactly what the lottery is: an almost 12-figure tax on the desperation of the least fortunate. To put that in perspective, that's $300 worth of lottery tickets for every adult every year. Researchers have found that the bottom third of households buy more than half of all tickets. So that means households making less than $28,000 a year are dishing out $450 a year on lotteries.
　
10. a 12-figure tax 一個１２位數的稅
11. the least fortunate 最不幸的
12. worth of… 值得⋯
13. dish out 祭出；拿出
14. What if...? 如果（尤指糟糕的情況出現）會怎麼樣？
　
如果我告訴你，在７００億美元的稅收中窮人付出的最多，你會怎麼想？你可能會說這不太公平。但這就是彩券：對最不幸者的絕望徵收近１２位數的稅。從這個角度來看，那對每位成年人來說是每年價值３００美元的彩券。研究人員發現，最底層的三分之一家庭所購買的彩票超過總數的一半。這意味著年收入不足兩萬八千美元的家庭，每年要花４５０美元來買彩券。
　
——《華盛頓郵報》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Historical data implies that when the economy goes bad, lottery revenues go up, because "when people are feeling desperate, they are more likely to stop by the gas station and buy five lottery tickets, hoping they get a big windfall.”
　
15. historical data 歷史數據
16. feel desperate 感到絕望
17. get a big windfall 獲得巨額、意外的收穫
　
歷史數據表明，每當經濟不景氣，彩券收入會增加，因為「每當人們感到絕望，他們更有可能在加油站前停下來，買五張彩券，並希望自己能獲得巨額的財富。」
　
——《ＡＢＣ新聞》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
In 2008, during the height of the recession, at least 22 of the 42 states with lotteries — including New York, New Jersey and Connecticut — set sales records.
　
18. height of the recession 經濟衰退的高點
19. set sales record 創下銷售記錄
　
２００８年，時值經濟衰退的谷底，在４２個有賣彩券的州中，至少有２２個州——包括紐約州、紐澤西州和康乃狄克州——創下銷售記錄。
　
——《紐約時報》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Lotteries are sometimes criticized as a "de facto tax on the poor," according to Matheson. "The poor spend a much higher percentage of their overall income on lotteries than the rich, and they can afford it less," he said. John Spry, a finance professor at the University of St. Thomas in Minnesota, has also studied the economic disparity among people who play instant scratch-off games. About three out of four instant game tickets sold in Minnesota are purchased by people with below-average incomes, according to Spry. He also cites research that shows that in South Carolina, 60% of instant lottery tickets were purchased by people with very low incomes.
　
20. a de facto tax on the poor 一種對窮人的實質賦稅
21. overall income 總收入
22. economic disparity 經濟差異；經濟失衡（國際法名詞）
23. below-average incomes 低於平均水準的所得
　
按馬特森所言，彩券有時被批評為「對窮人的實質賦稅」。他說：「窮人在彩券上的花費占總收入的比例遠比富人高出許多，而他們所能負擔的也更少。」明尼蘇達州聖湯瑪斯大學的財金系教授約翰・斯普里也研究了玩即時刮刮樂的人之間的經濟差異。根據斯普里的說法，在明尼蘇達州售出的四張即時刮刮樂中，約有三張是由收入低於平均水準的人購買。他還引用了一項研究，該研究表明，在南卡羅來納有６０％的即時彩券是被收入很低的人買走。
　
——《ＣＮＮ》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Think on this a moment. In a place where government has utterly failed to provide adequate education and public services, government is using advertising to exploit the desperation of poor people in order to raise revenue that funds other people’s public services. This is often called a “regressive” form of taxation. The word does not adequately capture the cruelty and crookedness of selling a lie to vulnerable people in order to bilk them. Offering the chance of one in a 100 million is the equivalent of a lie. Lotteries depend on the deceptive encouragement of mythical thinking and fantasies of escape.
　
24. utterly fail to 徹底地失敗
25. fail to provide 無法提供
26. adequate education and public services 充分的教育與公共服務
27. exploit the desperation of poor people 利用窮人的絕望
28. fund public services 資助公共服務
29. a regressive form of taxation 一種累退的賦稅形式
30. sell a lie 兜售一個謊言
31. vulnerable people 弱勢群體
32. mythical thinking 不切實際的想像
33. fantasy of escape 逃避的幻想
　
試想一下，在政府完全無法提供足夠的教育與公共服務的地方，為了提高國家稅收以資助他人的公共服務，政府正運用廣告來利用窮人的絕望。這通常被稱作「累退」的賦稅形式。這個詞並未充分體現出，政府為了欺騙弱勢群體，向他們兜售謊言此一殘酷與奸詐。提供億分之一的機會即形同說謊。彩券所仰賴的是不切實際與逃避現實的幻想，帶有欺騙性的鼓勵。
　
——《華盛頓郵報》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Some policymakers argue that the moral cost of lotteries is low. After all, the games are voluntary. And perhaps the money collected by the state is better off going to schools than to booze and cigarettes and whatever else. In an age of rising income inequality, it’s pernicious that states rely on monetizing the desperate hope of its poorest residents. State lotteries take from the poor to spare the rich, all while marching under the banner of voluntary entertainment. Banning lotto games will not make our poorest communities suddenly rich. But these neighborhoods have lost enough lotteries in life even before they touch a penny to the scratch-off ticket.
　
34. moral cost 道德成本
35. be better off 境況更好；經濟狀況較先前（或多數人）好
36. rising income inequality日益加劇的所得不均
37. take from the poor to spare the rich 劫貧濟富
38. under the banner of 以⋯⋯的名義；在⋯⋯的旗幟下
39. voluntary entertainment 自願性娛樂
40. a scratch-off ticket 一張刮刮樂
　
有些制定政策的人認為，彩券的道德成本很低。畢竟，那些都是自願的博弈。而且，由州政府收取資金並將之用於各級學校，也許比用在喝酒、抽菸或其他東西上都來得好。在一個所得不均日益加劇的時代，各州將貧困居民僅存的希望貨幣化，無疑是有害的。國家彩券劫貧濟富，以自願性娛樂的名義推進。禁止博彩遊戲並不會讓我們最貧窮的社區突然變得富有。但這些社區甚至連刮刮樂的一毛錢都沒贏過，卻已眼睜睜輸掉數量可觀的彩券。
　
——《大西洋》
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
今政府開辦之彩券販售，雖係有法令依據的合法行為，其販售權力也優先給予殘障弱勢者，每年所獲盈餘也多用在公益事業或挹注部分運動項目，不可謂沒有功勞。但整體而論；彩券是藉公益之名，慷民眾之慨以補政府的不足，彩券盈餘所挹注的公益項目，都是政府原本就應照顧的族群，不應等待民眾簽注的盈餘才來做這些事。
　
——立法院第8屆第2會期第2次會議紀錄

https://bit.ly/2EkkktK
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
國內運動彩券之評析: https://www.npf.org.tw/3/5099

圖片出處: https://bit.ly/2P11l9L
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
參考資料：
　
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/refusing-t0-cheat-the-poor/2015/07/09/78154b9a-2670-11e5-aae2-6c4f59b050aa_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.55b

https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/refusing-t0-cheat-the-poor/2015/07/09/78154b9a-2670-11e5-aae2-6c4f59b050aa_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.55bf29a1f446

https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/05/lotteries-americas-70-billion-shame/392870/

http://www.businessinsider.com/lottery-is-a-tax-on-the-poor-2012-4

http://money.cnn.com/2016/01/12/news/companies/powerball-lottery-games-poor/index.html

https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/05/lotteries-americas-70-billion-shame/392870/

[時事英文] Lottery, a Tax on the Poor? 彩券是一種窮人稅?

最近看到多家媒體報導鼓勵大家支持「公益」彩券和運彩，就聯想到之前看過的一些彩券的報導。雖然每個國家的彩券發行的法律、收益的分紅和管理規範都不盡相同，還是可以參考以下美國多家知名報社關於美國彩券的社論和關鍵英文詞彙，希望可以提供同學關於此議題的另一個觀點。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

1. political corruption 政治腐敗
2. raise revenue 提高收入
3. Powerball 強力球，是美國境內發行的彩票
4. dream of wealth 財富的夢想
5. more likely to 更傾向於

The lottery is a particularly awful example of political corruption. Here government is raising revenue by selling the Powerball dream of wealth without work. Studies in a number of states have shown that lottery ticket sales are concentrated in poor communities, that poor people spend a larger portion of their income on tickets and that the poor are more likely to view the lottery as an investment.

-The Washington Post

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6. relatively more 相對更多
7. most avid buyers 最狂熱的買家
8. go out of one’s way 特地
9. punitive taxes 懲罰性的徵稅

Lotteries are (1) regressive taxes on poor people, in that a ticket costs relatively more for a poor person than a rich person, and (2) punitive taxes on the poor and uneducated people who are the most avid buyers. The people who can least afford it are throwing away on average 47 cents on the dollar every time they buy a ticket. And the government, which relies increasingly on the lottery for funding, goes out of its way to tell them it is a good idea.

-BusinessInsider

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10. a 12-figure tax 一個12位數的稅
11. the least fortunate 最不幸的
12. worth of… 值得...
13. dish out 祭出，拿出
14. What if...? 如果（尤指糟糕的情況出現）會怎麼樣?

What if I told you there was a $70 billion tax that the poor pay the most. You'd probably say that isn't very fair. But that's exactly what the lottery is: an almost 12-figure tax on the desperation of the least fortunate. To put that in perspective, that's $300 worth of lottery tickets for every adult every year. Researchers have found that the bottom third of households buy more than half of all tickets. So that means households making less than $28,000 a year are dishing out $450 a year on lotteries.

-The Washington Post

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15. historical data 歷史數據
16. feel desperate 感到絕望
17. get a big windfall 獲得巨額、意外的收穫

Historical data implies that when the economy goes bad, lottery revenues go up, because "when people are feeling desperate, they are more likely to stop by the gas station and buy five lottery tickets, hoping they get a big windfall."

-ABC News

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18. height of the recession 經濟衰退的高點
19. set sales record 創下銷售記錄

In 2008, during the height of the recession, at least 22 of the 42 states with lotteries — including New York, New Jersey and Connecticut — set sales records.

-The New York Times

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20. a de facto tax on the poor 實際上是一種對窮人徵收的稅
21. overall income 總收入
22. economic disparity 經濟差距
23. below-average incomes 收入低於平均水平

Lotteries are sometimes criticized as a "de facto tax on the poor," according to Matheson. "The poor spend a much higher percentage of their overall income on lotteries than the rich, and they can afford it less," he said.

John Spry, a finance professor at the University of St. Thomas in Minnesota, has also studied the economic disparity among people who play instant scratch-off games. About three out of four instant game tickets sold in Minnesota are purchased by people with below-average incomes, according to Spry. He also cites research that shows that in South Carolina, 60% of instant lottery tickets were purchased by people with very low incomes.

-CNN

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24. utterly fail 完全失敗
25. fail to provide 無能提供
26. adequate education and public services 適當的教育和公共服務
27. exploit the desperation of poor people 利用窮人的絕望
28. fund public services 資助公共服務
29. a regressive form of taxation 一種累退的稅收形式
30. sell a lie 賣一個謊言
31. vulnerable people 弱勢群體
32. mythical thinking 神話思維; wishful thinking 如意算盤；癡心妄想
33. fantasy of escape 逃避的幻想

Think on this a moment. In a place where government has utterly failed to provide adequate education and public services, government is using advertising to exploit the desperation of poor people in order to raise revenue that funds other people’s public services. This is often called a “regressive” form of taxation. The word does not adequately capture the cruelty and crookedness of selling a lie to vulnerable people in order to bilk them. Offering the chance of one in a 100 million is the equivalent of a lie. Lotteries depend on the deceptive encouragement of mythical thinking and fantasies of escape.

-The Washington Post

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34. moral cost 道德成本
35. better off 更好的
36. rising income inequality 成長的收入不平等
37. take from the poor to spare the rich 劫貧濟富
38. under the banner of 以……名義（進行某項工作）
39. voluntary entertainment 自願娛樂
40. a scratch-off ticket 一張用刮的彩票

Some policymakers argue that the moral cost of lotteries is low. After all, the games are voluntary. And perhaps the money collected by the state is better off going to schools than to booze and cigarettes and whatever else.

In an age of rising income inequality, it’s pernicious that states rely on monetizing the desperate hope of its poorest residents. State lotteries take from the poor to spare the rich, all while marching under the banner of voluntary entertainment. Banning lotto games will not make our poorest communities suddenly rich. But these neighborhoods have lost enough lotteries in life even before they touch a penny to the scratch-off ticket.

-The Atlantic

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“政府發行公益彩券，在行政上有法令依據，是合法的行為，其販售權力也優先給予殘障弱勢者，每年所獲盈餘也多用在公益事業或挹注部分運動項目，不可謂沒有功勞。但彩券基本上就是一種賭博的行為，明知中獎機率極低，但每個購買彩券的民眾總期待自己是那千萬分之一的幸運兒，事實上，絕大多數人都只是又一次發現自己只是與獎無緣的失望者，而最大的贏家就是政府。

就整體而論，彩券的發行有諸多缺失。首先，彩券是藉公益之名，慷民眾之慨以補政府的不足，彩券盈餘所挹注的公益項目，都是政府原本就應照顧的族群，不應等待民眾簽注的盈餘才來做這些事。”

-TW Times

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國內運動彩券之評析
https://www.npf.org.tw/3/5099

運動彩券制度規劃之研究 - 教育部體育署
https://www.sa.gov.tw/wSite/public/Data/f1451377029007.pdf

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時事英文新聞 (Breaking News): http://goo.gl/3EnOO6

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Sources: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1BE