關於 persuasive paragraph ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

Q: persuasive paragraph遵理學校 Kenneth Lau 在Facebook 的評價

Kenneths Regular本周 (10/11 Thur起) 教學內容一覽, 等你清楚知道教到邊! S4/5 Phase 3.1: Listening - Listening skills (Listening for the gist) S6: Listening - Extended Tasks (Preparation + Contextualization + Intensive Listening Skills + DSE Sample Papaer analysis) F7: Persuasive Writing (Paragraph development + Language forms + Collocations) kenneth pig 世界後援會

「persuasive paragraph」的推薦目錄：

關於persuasive paragraph 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的精選貼文
關於persuasive paragraph 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的精選貼文
關於persuasive paragraph 在遵理學校 Kenneth Lau Facebook 的最佳貼文

關於persuasive paragraph 在コバにゃんチャンネル Youtube 的精選貼文
關於persuasive paragraph 在大象中醫 Youtube 的最佳解答
關於persuasive paragraph 在大象中醫 Youtube 的最讚貼文

關於persuasive paragraph 在 Persuasive Paragraph Complete Unit Guide with Organizers 的評價

persuasive paragraph 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的精選貼文

By Eric's English Lounge

2017-03-14 20:23:15 有 111 人按讚

[5564學術閱讀技巧: 略讀的五個步驟之二]

第一個步驟: https://goo.gl/YhLG4R

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

第二個步驟: Read the first paragraph for the thesis or main idea.

當同學看完標題，在腦海中建立基本的圖片和預測之後，下一個步驟便是在第一段裡找出論點或主旨 (thesis or main idea) 讓圖片更加清晰。許多同學總是認為，文章論點會落在第一段的最後一句，但在閱讀學測丶雅思與托福文章的時候，會發現理論跟實際是有落差的。在一篇基礎程度的說服性 (persuasive) 或議論性 (argumentative) 的文章裡，論點的確常出現在第一段的最後一句，輔助讀者迅速掌握文章的脈絡。但同學要記住！考試通常會出現各種類型的文章！

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

常見英文作文的類型：

Persuasive 說服性
Argumentative 議論性
Expository 說明性
Narrative 叙述性
Descriptive 描述性
Analytical 分析性
Cause and Effect 因果關係
Comparison and Contrast 比較與對比

Types of Essays: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/685/01/

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

因而同學無法保證每次都能在第一段落 (introductory paragraph) 的最後一句找到文章論點，甚至有一些文章，例如叙述性 (narrative) 文章，是沒有具體論點的。此外，文章就算有具體論點句也可能在該句中使用一些代名詞，需要同學連同前一個句子一起看才可以理解。 ( e.g. This caused the empire to collapse->What is “this”? )，所以閱讀時不可以預期每一篇文章的一個段落的最後一句就是該文的具體論點!

同學在略讀文章時應花多一點時間去理解第一段，抓到主要的重點來輔助自己建立圖像或是鷹架 (scaffold)，從而預測、歸納和整理接下來文章會提供的資訊。有些同學可能有疑問，在自己寫文章的時候，是否該把自己的論點放在文章第一段最後一句。答案是肯定的，因為托福和雅思的「學術文章」大部分都是基礎的說服性或議論性文章。

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

關於文章內文的段落要怎麼去快速略讀，相信很多同學都有聽過要看每一個內文段落 (body paragraphs) 的第一句，就是所謂的主題句（topic sentence）。但在實際操作後便會發現，並非如此輕鬆就可以抓到每一個段落的重點。這是因為主題句不一定會出現在第一句。

“Topic sentences don't always appear at the beginning of a paragraph. When they come in the middle, they indicate that the paragraph will change direction, or "pivot."

--Harvard University Writing Center

作者為了讓文章更有連貫性，常在內文段落的第一個子句，重述上一個段落的重點，再提供新的資訊！加上有時候內文段落的第一句可能是討論反對的論點 (counterargument) 第二或三個句子才提供所謂的 Pivot Topic Sentence「軸心主題句」切入該段落的重點。所以不建議同學只用一種僵化而狹隘的閱讀方式來閱讀不同類型的文章，而是應該要多熟悉主流閱讀法的思維並且閱讀適應不同文章的寫法，才可以及時反應，快速理解文章的脈絡!

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

下一篇文章我們將要探討文章的關鍵詞要怎麼去抓，有興趣的同學也歡迎分享文章或留言給老師 (這是老師討拍的方式XD)，提出自己對英文閱讀的盲點，老師才方便在之後的文章一一探討同學在閱讀中存在的問題。

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

SQ3R: https://goo.gl/DTKw5p

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

基礎文章段落結構: https://goo.gl/ZA7lQb

反對的論點: Counterargument and Refutation: https://goo.gl/pO3iVI

語意邏輯連貫(Coherence)和字句連貫(Cohesion): http://goo.gl/yeU9Bp

Tags: persuasive paragraph

Eric's English Lounge

About author

教科書主編、講師與教育顧問。藉由此平台提供大家豐富的英語學習資源。宗旨與目標：https://bit.ly/2BaENzJ

Empathy. Education. Leadership. Three words that define Eric's English Lounge (EEL) and everything that we do.

persuasive paragraph 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的精選貼文

By Eric's English Lounge

2015-04-24 13:06:10 有 107 人按讚

[托福常見問題] 同學們知不知道ETS於4/23晚間(22:00~00:00)舉辦了第二場的英文日慶祝活動，並在Facebook上開放了一場全球性的線上聊天活動。任何有關於托福或是英文學習的相關問題都可以盡情提問，而ETS也在活動中相當即時地給予大家官方的回應喔~

Eric老師昨晚也幫同學發問了一些問題，在這邊將老師和ETS的談話內容提供給各位，同時老師針對ETS的回答也有一些評語，希望對大家有幫助。

☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

問題1. ETS has mentioned that the additional/experimental sets in the listening and reading sections do not count toward a student's score. However, are they used to "weigh" the difficulty of the sets? Students typically just memorize the answers to these so what is the purpose of having these sets? Can someone offer us a complete and direct explanation?

ETS之前有提過在考題中會有實驗性的聽力和閱讀類題組，而這些考題並不會被列入評分，然而，這些考題的存在是被設定來評估測驗的難易度嗎? 能不能夠藉此機會提供一些完整、直接的解釋呢?

----------------------------

ETS的回覆1. The extra questions are used for two main reasons. First, they help with a process called equating, which helps make sure the scoring of the test is fair. Second, they are used to evaluate the questions for future tests.

實驗性題組的設計主要是有兩個目的: 第一，這些題組協助我們評估考試的難易度，這樣才能確保測驗的評分是公平的；第二，它們被用來評估哪一些考題適合出現在未來的考試。

----------------------------

Comment: Some students feel that certain sets of reading are more difficult than others because they truly are. However, ETS will adjust the scoring according to the response. The problem is, some students memorize the answers while others do not, and this may skew the data in certain local regions.That is, the scores of these additional sets do not always reflect students’ true abilities, and this may affect the process of “equating” on a local scale. Since the equating algorithm is not available to the public, it is difficult to judge whether the additional sets serve their intended purposes.

☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

問題2. In the speaking section, students are able to hear the answers of others before they begin as they do not start their exams at the same time. Does this give some an unfair advantage? How does this affect the reliability of the test?

就口說測驗來說，今天如果考生沒有在同一個時間開始進行測驗的話，在過程中，時間的落差就會讓部分考生在進入測驗之前就先聽到其他考生的答案了。這種狀況可能會讓那些考生在應答之前就得到了一些不太公平的優勢，這是否多少會影響到考試的測驗信度 (test reliability)?

----------------------------

ETS的回覆2. While there may be a bit of a time difference between the start times of the test sections, it would actually be a disadvantage for a test taker to try to repeat someone else's answer that they are hearing from another testing station, because it is highly unlikely that they could still speak naturally, and the rater would recognize this. Test takers should keep their noise-canceling headphones on and focus on their own test to do their best.

在考試過程中，也許有一些考生在各個部份的作答時間上有落差，但是對於一位考生而言，要在短時間內去重覆另外一位考生的答題內容，其實是蠻吃力的，甚至在答題的內容可能都沒辦法像原先那麼自然了。再者，針對那樣的答案，測驗的評核者也可以辨別得出來，所以，考生還是必須要讓自己全程好好戴著耳機，專注面對眼前的考題，盡全力應答。

----------------------------

Comment: As we stated in class, students should rely on their abilities and not testing tricks to gain a high score. Listening to other students' responses may help a few but also hurt others. When students hear the response of another test taker, they essentially hear fragments of a complete answer. Attempts to replicate the response under great stress can be disastrous as students may not be able to support their replicated answer with ease.

☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

問題3. It is commonly believed that template answers for the independent writing task are sometimes accepted by graders. Can you give us some feedback on this issue? The provided rubrics do not clearly address the issue.

大部分的考生都還是相信針對獨立寫作的模板解答有時候還是會被ETS的評分員接受，能不能夠藉此機會針對這個議題提供一些看法?畢竟，在官方所提供的評分標準內容中並未清楚地解釋這個部份。

----------------------------

ETS的回覆3.Raters are trained to recognize so-called template answers and score them accordingly, because template answers will not match the requirements in the rubrics.

ETS的評分人員有受過訓練，可以清楚辨別所謂的模板答案，從而進行評分，因為模板類型的答題方式其實並不符合ETS的作答要求。

----------------------------

Comment: It is taught in our classes that long-winded templates will not be accepted by either our teachers or ETS graders. However, the general structure and organization of persuasive essays (e.g. the five-paragraph approach) can still be referred to, especially for beginning students. In fact, since elementary school, students in the US are groomed to use the five-paragraph approach to address most writing prompts. This standard approach is also taught by most undergraduate English composition courses in Taiwan as it is the backbone of academic English writing. Students are also often encouraged to use so-called academic words, phrases, and sentence patterns in their essays as long as they fit the context of the text. These lexical resources and syntactic patterns are accepted, and even welcomed, provided that they strengthen the coherence and cohesion of the essay and add new information to the text. Nevertheless, students should never write verbose "canned responses" as the lexical resources present in these answers are often unrelated to given prompts. It is also inadvisable to rely on just one writing approach (e.g. the five-paragraph method), as students may be unable to find enough supporting ideas (e.g. three reasons in a five-paragraph essay) in stressful timed exams.Test takers might also encounter argumentative, descriptive, or even compare and contrast questions, none of which mandate the use of a five-paragraph approach. Hence, it is the responsibility of the writer to learn a variety of approaches and use one that best supports his or her claims in the given time frame.

ETS Writing Rubrics: https://www.ets.org/s/toefl/pdf/toefl_writing_rubrics.pdf

☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

完整的Q&A: http://goo.gl/35tpLj

Tags: persuasive paragraph

Eric's English Lounge

About author

教科書主編、講師與教育顧問。藉由此平台提供大家豐富的英語學習資源。宗旨與目標：https://bit.ly/2BaENzJ

Empathy. Education. Leadership. Three words that define Eric's English Lounge (EEL) and everything that we do.

persuasive paragraph 在遵理學校 Kenneth Lau Facebook 的最佳貼文

By 遵理學校 Kenneth Lau

2011-11-09 15:36:38 有 10 人按讚

Kenneth's Regular本周 (10/11 Thur起) 教學內容一覽, 等你清楚知道教到邊!

S4/5 Phase 3.1: Listening - Listening skills (Listening for the gist)

S6: Listening - Extended Tasks (Preparation + Contextualization +
Intensive Listening Skills + DSE Sample Papaer analysis)

F7: Persuasive Writing (Paragraph development + Language forms +
Collocations)

kenneth pig 世界後援會