【海上的六四:隱沒於歷史檔案的「民主女神號」】 #檔案研究
今年六四紀念館場地被查封、一系列打壓六四集會嘅手段盡出,連流水式只要著黑衫手持燭光都被當潛在參與「非法集會」。但回到30年前的時空,卻能發現陸上以外一條較少人提及的「海洋戰線」,曾經活現於近幾年解密的有關六四的英國解密檔案,不僅能夠見證後六四以來各種延續意志的嘗試,亦為現時空間收窄中的香港帶來啟示。
六四事件後,民運人士分別被迫逃亡海外,但仍有逃亡人士在法國集資購買一艘船,名為「民主女神號」(goddess of democracy radio ship),船首掛著手持火炬民主女神像,目標是重返歸來。
解密檔案紀錄,1990年3月民主女神號由法國出發,目的地定在台灣,而中途有停留新加波以及香港的打算。船上有廣播訊號器(radio transmitter) ,主要在公海向內陸廣播宣傳,突破消息封鎖。
一份近年解封的英國解密檔案 (1990 FCO 40 2932 Political activism accusations of subversion in Hong Kong),清晰記述英方電報指當時有消息說「民主女神號」有停留香港的意圖,從港英內部及外交部電報交往可見,中方對民女號作出各種威脅,(The Chinese have made all sorts of threatening noises as to what they might do should this occur),除了要求港英政府拒絕民主女神號的停泊申請外,英方更估計如果民女號對中國進行廣播戰的話,中方就會採取「適當措施」(“appropriate measure” against the ship),到時民女號將被視為小型「六四」(heralded as a mini Tiananmen)。
相比新加坡及台灣當局,當時港英已表明會拒絕船隻的停泊申請,明言擔心香港會變成「政治戰場」 (political battleground),還向英方及港英的法律顧問查明,指即使船隻就艋只路經香港海域,聯合國海洋公約中所謂「無害通過權」(innocent right),也不適用於民主女神號的情況,故此是「合法合規」。換言之,英方實質上封殺了船隻接近香港的機會。若發生在今日香港,民主女神號很可能未接近香港水域已被攔截送中。
最後船隻於1990年5月,獲台灣當局同意停泊基隆港。可見,如此小小民船可讓中、英雙方如此警惕,牽起過中、台、新加坡、英、法等多方外交關注,是對「陸路已盡」的逃亡者開創出水路的民間實踐。
除了透過民主女神號進行廣播戰外,當時六四民運人士還打算海運「民主女神像」(statue of goddess of democracy) 的文宣物品突入自由港。翻查英國解密檔案(1991 FCO 40 3215 Hong Kong and China subversion),在91年5月尾,港英收到風聲,停泊在台南的民主女神號雖然不會冒險來港,但船頭高達115厘米的民主女神像(115 centimeter high statue of the goddess of democracy (it may be the one on the prow of the ship))正已運往香港,當時港英立即趕急要海關緊急檢查(urgent check)海運貨物,不容許這尊民主女神像入境,讓其在六四集會兩周年前夕出現,這也是比較少人知悉民女像曾是港英暗地裡的「違禁品」。
在6月1日,有一千個小型民女像 (A thousand miniature replicas of the goddess of democracy statue) 被搜到經海運流入香港,而持有者亦正正就是民主女神號的新船主台灣商人吳孟武 (Wu Meng Wu)。
根據港英及英國外交部的內部電報來往,由於民主女神像並不是課稅品(dutiable commodity),當時港督衛奕信承認單純以進出口貨品法例,並不足以限制政治文宣物品入境,但海關則可以用「檢查」名義扣留貨品,拖至6月6號才歸還。最後千座民女像在30年前被扣押至6月5號,再運回台灣。
當時港英還與中方「匯報」,透過今次扣留,可令到來自台灣的挑釁(Taiwan-based provocation) 難以在六四前出現。即使當年港英強調「法治」,但一面對外交壓力,卻以行政手段扣留政治敏感物品,更顯英方當時對華外交策略妥協的一面。
事後民主女神號於2003年於台南安平已被悄悄解體,但透過英國解密檔案,卻能重現當時民主女神號的外交影響。尤其在現時嘗試改編六四歷史嘅香港,當年民間實踐的多樣性及能動性,「出船」當然不會完全適用現今局勢,但這種「流水」精神早已被歷史記載。
Photo credit : 台灣蘋果日報
#真。流水式運動
#六四三二
#檔案研究
參考資料:
1990 FCO 40 2932 Political activism accusations of subversion in Hong Kong
1991 FCO 40 3215 Hong Kong and China subversion
同時也有4部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過5,140的網紅Ghost Island Media 鬼島之音,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Taiwan’s next referendum will soon vote on activating the nation’s fourth nuclear plant, as well as constructing a natural gas plant on an algal reef ...
「political activism」的推薦目錄:
- 關於political activism 在 本土研究社 Liber Research Community Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於political activism 在 吳文遠 Avery Ng Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於political activism 在 李卓人 Lee Cheuk Yan Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於political activism 在 Ghost Island Media 鬼島之音 Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於political activism 在 Ghost Island Media 鬼島之音 Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於political activism 在 Ghost Island Media 鬼島之音 Youtube 的精選貼文
- 關於political activism 在 How to Become a Political Activist | Femi Oluwole 的評價
- 關於political activism 在 View of Political Facebook groups: Micro-activism and the ... 的評價
political activism 在 吳文遠 Avery Ng Facebook 的最佳解答
【吳文遠十一遊行案法庭陳詞 — 中文譯本】
法官閣下:
從小我父母便教我要有同理心,要關顧社會上相對不幸的人。儘管在早年職業生涯上取得不俗成就,但我從來沒有意欲將追求個人財富視為人生目標。
當我在國外生活了多年後回到香港定居時,我為這個我自豪地稱之為家的城市,存在如此嚴重的社會不平等而感到困惑和擔憂。 令我震驚的是,社會如何漠視對窮人和少數族裔的歧視。既有的社會結構,有時甚至會鼓勵這種歧視繼續發生。同時,我們也無法一如其它地方,享有基本的民主權利和自由。
這些都是我參與社會運動以至參與政治的動機。我希望盡己所能,為被忽視的弱勢階層鼓與呼,替不能為自己發聲的人說話。
與許多人相比,我很幸運能夠接受良好教育,並擁有一定程度上的財務自由和社會地位。我們很幸運,能夠過上舒適生活,並有自由選擇我們的道路。我選擇為社會平等而奮鬥。其實這個法庭上許多人都差不多,我們都喜歡香港,這個稱為家的地方。或許我們在生活中選擇了不同的角色,但目標都是相同:為他人服務。
可悲的是,我擔心我們已經逐漸成為社會制度中的例外。當下許多香港人根本沒有那些機會,包括貧困長者,欠缺向上流動機會、被邊緣化的年輕人,還有犧牲所有時間但只能為家庭僅僅維持基本生活的工人。這些人再努力,生活中的選擇仍然局限於維持生計。對他們來說,「選擇」是負擔不起的奢侈品,更不用說如何決定自己的命運。
在生活壓力下,我們的視野通常很難超越自身的社交圈子,更難的是對陌生人展現同理心。兩極化的政治分歧產生越來越多裂痕,令我們有時候無法互相理解、和而不同,亦不願意試圖尋求某種程度的妥協。
我一直希望,一個較民主的制度能夠成為一道橋樑,彌合上述社會鴻溝,或者至少容讓我們選擇怎樣共同生活。
2019年的動盪,為整個社會帶來了沉重的打擊。無論政治立場如何,我敢肯定這個法庭上有許多人,都為此而傷心欲絕。整座城市都被不信任、仇恨和恐懼所淹沒。今天固然不是討論這個問題的合適地方,但我希望法庭能夠理解,僅靠司法機構並不能解決已經根深蒂固的社會政治鴻溝。
我們需要集體力量、勇氣、誠實和同理心來修補我們的家。看看幾位同案被告,他們在服務社會方面有著非凡的紀錄。比起囚禁在監獄,我相信他們能夠對社會作出更大貢獻。
為了追求全體香港人的權利,我的確違反了法律,並且已準備面對法院的判決。令人敬重的幾位同案被告,畢生捍衛法治,為民主而戰,為無聲者發聲,我十分榮幸能夠與他們並肩同行。
我相信終有一天,籠罩我們城市的烏雲將會消散,光明將會重臨,愛和同理心將會戰勝歸來。
吳文遠
2021年5月24日
Avery Ng Man Yuen’s Statement
Your Honour,
I was brought up by my parents to value the importance of empathy, to care and to feel for others in our community less fortunate. Although I enjoyed great success early in my career, I never had a desire to pursue personal wealth in the more traditional sense.
When I settled back in Hong Kong after years of living abroad, I was baffled and disturbed by how severe the social inequality existed in a city I am proud to call my home. I was struck at how discrimination against the poor and the minorities far too often goes ignored or can even at times is encouraged by the established social structure; and how we cannot have the basic democratic rights and freedoms that other places enjoy.
These were my motivations to join social activism and enter into politics. I chose to spend my energy to speak for the underprivileged, the disenchanted and often ignored segments of society. To offer a voice for those who could not speak for themselves.
Compared to many, I am privileged to have a great education and a certain level of financial freedom and social standing. We are fortunate enough to be able to lead comfortable lives and have the freedom to choose the path that we take. I chose to fight for social equality. Many of those in this court are not that much different. We all love Hong Kong, the place we call home. We chose our different roles in life but with the same aim: to serve others.
Sadly, I fear that many of us are increasingly the exception to the rule. Today far too many Hong Kong people do not have that chance, whether that is our elderly who live in poverty, marginalized youth with few opportunities for social mobility, or workers who give up all their time slaving away to provide the bare minimum for their families. These people all struggle to make ends meet with very limited options in life. “Choice” for them is a luxury that they cannot afford. Let alone having the gratification of being able to dictate their own destiny.
I recognise, with the pressures of life, it is often difficult for people to see beyond their own social bubble. It is harder still to acquire empathy for strangers. Polarized political division increasingly has driven a wedge between people, making it sometimes impossible for people to understand and empathise with one another, to disagree agreeably, and attempt to find some level of compromise.
It has always been my hope that a more democratic system could be the bridge that heals this social divide or at the very least allow us to choose how we can live together in our home.
I’m certain that none of us in this court wanted to see the turmoil in 2019, which has seen our whole society suffer regardless of political preference. Distrust, hatred, and fear has engulfed Hong Kong. Today is certainly not the right forum for this immense topic. However, I hope the court can understand that the Judiciary alone cannot resolve the deep-rooted socio-political divide which exist.
It will take our collective strength, courage, honesty, and empathy to mend our home. Looking at my fellow defendants with their extraordinary history in serving this society, I believe they can do far greater good among us in society than being locked in prison.
In pursuit of the rights of all Hong Kong people, I have broken the law. I am prepared to face the court’s judgement. I am proud to be in the company of my esteemed fellows who have spent their lives championing the rule of law, fighting for the democracy and voicing for the voiceless.
I believe the storm-clouds that currently reside over our home will one day lift, and make way for a bright and clear day. I believe love and empathy will eventually prevail.
————————————
文遠交低話大家記住一定要撐 #文遠Patreon 呀!
⭐️支持文遠⭐️請訂閱Patreon⭐️
www.patreon.com/AveryNg
political activism 在 李卓人 Lee Cheuk Yan Facebook 的精選貼文
(Scroll down for english version)
「歷史將宣判我們無罪!」
李卓人8.31案法庭陳情書
法官閣下,我在此認罪,但我在捍衛人民和平遊行和集會自由上,並沒有做錯任何事。我相信歷史將會宣判我們無罪。在此請讓我向你講述更多我的背景,那樣你就能更理解我為何要為了香港的未來,與人民共同走上街頭。
#新時代由政治犯開創
作為一名基督徒,我在復活節期間聽讀經員閱讀聖經,提醒了我,耶穌為世人犧牲,被釘上十字架,使罪人與神和解。從被捕到被控到被彼拉多(Pilate)判死刑,祂也是一名政治犯,沒有犯罪,但因為服務窮人和傳福音,而威脅到猶太統治階層。
縱觀人類歷史文明,我們現在享有的權利,也是由一眾政治犯,諸如甘地、馬丁路德金和納爾遜·曼德拉所開創的。在80年代,我是「香港反種族隔離運動」的主席,我一直將納爾遜·曼德拉在1963年遭審判所言銘記於心。他說:「願意為我的理想而犧牲自己生命。」他的理想是爭取南非黑人的平權,然後就被判刑27年。我為他在1994年當選南非總統而感到興奮,他給予了全世界受壓逼的人民希望,讓他們知道透過堅持不懈的鬥爭,可以達致公義。
#曼德拉給我的啟發
我花了一些時間去講曼德拉帶給我的啟發,因為我是從1978年起投身到勞工權益和民主運動的。我畢生的理想,就是讓基層和被壓逼者勇於發聲和站起來爭取屬於他們的權利。每當那些被壓逼者起來捍衛他們的權利,為尊嚴而抗爭時,我也會受到鼓舞,並得到力量去繼續面對香港正面臨的艱苦奮鬥和挑戰。我曾問自己,沒有抗爭,我的人生將會是如何?這已是我第43年投身於民主運動,法官閣下,你必須明白當我目睹國家權力如何使用武力鎮壓人民,令香港人受傷、受牢獄之苦或是流亡,以及香港民主倒退,人民的權利遭剝奪之時,心裏的痛苦和折磨。我看到我的理想正在崩潰,但即使被黑暗籠罩,也無阻我繼續為理想奮鬥的決心。為了這一理想,我甘願承受任何懲罰。
法官閣下可能會說,法律就是法律,而我好像沒有就八三一案展露出絲毫悔意。我希望法官閣下明白,我是何等重視人民透過言論和集會所彰顯的自由。這是弱勢和受壓逼者尋求公義的唯一路徑。剝奪了這種權利,形同制度對人民施暴。我不願看見香港人活在建基於制度暴力的管治之中。因此,我會竭盡所能,伸張人們有尊嚴及和平遊行去發達意見的權利。
#最壞的尚未來臨
#法庭要睜開眼睛
我十分尊重法官閣下維護法治的熱誠。在此,我希望能引用已故法官Ruth Bader Ginsburg的話:
「法官們會不斷思考和改變,我希望倘若今日法庭有盲點,明日它將會睜開眼。」
我十分敬佩Ginsburg為了性別平權奮鬥一生,成就斐然。她告訴我們,法官應該與時並進,趕上不斷在變遷的時代。在香港,最壞的尚未來臨,我們需要法律界人士去睜開雙眼,觀看人民的苦難,並反思法律在這個時代的立足點,如何隨時代變遷而轉變,以捍衞人民的尊嚴與權利。
2021年4月7日
"History will absolve us"
Submission of Lee Cheuk Yan to the Court
Your Honour, I plead guilty but I’ve done no wrong in affirming the rights of people to peaceful procession and I believe history will absolve us. May I give you more on my background so as your honour can understand why I decided to march with the people for the future of Hong Kong.
As a Christian, during Easter when the scripture was read, I was reminded how Christ went to meet his fate on the cross, sacrificing for mankind to reconcile sinners with God. From His arrest to his prosecution to his death sentencing by Pilate, he was a political prisoner who committed no crime apart from seen to be a threat to the Jewish Hierarchy by serving the poor and oppressed and preaching the good news.
Throughout history of mankind, the rights that humankind now enjoyed were pioneered by political prisoners from Gandhi to Martin Luther King to Nelson Mandela. I was the Chairman of Hong Kong anti apartheid movement back in the 80s and I always remember the determination of Nelson Mandela when he said during his trial back in 1963: “an ideal for which I am prepared to die for.”. His ideal was the equality for black South African and then he spent 27 years in jail. I was thrilled that in 1994, he was elected President of South Africa, giving hope to oppressed all over the world that justice can be achieve through the persistent struggle of the people.
I went to length about his inspiration to me personally because I started my activism starting 1978 for labour rights and democracy. My lifetime ideal is the empowerment of the poor and oppressed to speak out, to rise up for their rights. Whenever the oppressed assert their rights to fight for their dignity, I feel myself also empowered and inspired to continue the difficult struggle and challenges facing Hong Kong. I asked myself, what is my life without the struggle. The struggle is my life, I cannot imagine my life without it. It had been forty three years of struggle for me and your Honour must understand my deep felt pain and sufferings to see how the State Power had been using brute force against the people and the sacrifices of so many Hongkongers who were injured, jailed or exiled, also to witness the deprivation of the basic rights of the people and the regression in democracy. I saw my ideal crumbling but I will continue the struggle even though darkness is surrounding us. It is an ideal for which I am prepared for any sanction.
Your Honour may say the law is the law, I seems not show any remorse in breaching law in this trial for August 31st. I hope Your Honour understand the utmost importance I put on the rights to freedom of expression through speech or assembly. This is the only avenue the weak and oppressed can have to right the wrongs on them. If deprived, I will call this systemic violence on the people and I do not want to see Hong Kong rule on the basis of such systemic violence. Therefore I would do my utmost to affirm the rights of people to a dignified and peaceful procession to express themselves.
Your Honour must be passionate about upholding the law and I respect your ideal. I hope I can quote from the late Judge Ruth Bader Ginsburg:
“Justices continue to think and can change. I am ever hopeful that if the court has a blind spot today, its eye will be open tomorrow”
I was very impressed with her passion for gender equality and how she fought her whole life for gender equality and was able to achieve so much. Her message was time changes and judges should catch up with time. For Hong Kong, the worst may yet to come, and we need the legal profession to open their eyes to the suffering of the people and reflect on which side the law is with and how to changes with time for the advancement of the rights and dignity of the people.
I humbly submit myself to your sentencing and whatever your sentence, I have no regret for standing up for the rights of the people.
7th April, 2021
political activism 在 Ghost Island Media 鬼島之音 Youtube 的最讚貼文
Taiwan’s next referendum will soon vote on activating the nation’s fourth nuclear plant, as well as constructing a natural gas plant on an algal reef that's critical for Taiwan’s biodiversity. These decisions come as governments around the world are scrambling to meet the demands of the Paris Agreement, and as environmental activists fight for a more sustainable planet.
Green Parties propose an alternative voice in politics to tackle our environmental ruin. All over the world, there are 91 Green Parties that believe in committing our governments to environmental stewardship, through electing green movement leaders into office. In Asia, Taiwan is home to the region’s oldest Green Party, which won a National Assembly seat in 1996 - their very first election campaign.
Our guest today is Professor Dafydd Fell, a political scientist at SOAS University of London, and Director of the Centre of Taiwan Studies. Dafydd Fell is author of the new book: “Taiwan’s Green Parties: Alternative Politics in Taiwan”, published in March 2021 by Routledge.
Today’s episode is hosted by Nate Maynard - Senior Consultant at Reset Carbon, and host of Waste Not Why Not. You can check out his show for more insights on the world’s ocean, energy, and waste issues.
Waste Not Why Not Podcast: https://ghostisland.media/#wnwn
“Taiwan’s Green Parties: Alternative Politics in Taiwan”: https://www.amazon.com/Taiwans-Green-Parties-Alternative-Routledge/dp/0367650312
Routledge: https://www.routledge.com/Taiwans-Green-Parties-Alternative-Politics-in-Taiwan/Fell/p/book/9780367650315
Support us on Patreon:
http://patreon.com/taiwan
Follow us on Twitter:
https://twitter.com/taiwan
A Ghost Island Media production
https://twitter.com/ghostislandme
www.ghostisland.media
MB01WN2YRLRZWYO

political activism 在 Ghost Island Media 鬼島之音 Youtube 的最讚貼文
Today’s show is done in collaboration with The Taiwan Take. Subscribe to that show for more Taiwanese perspectives on global issues.
Taiwan’s next referendum will soon vote on activating the nation’s fourth nuclear plant, as well as constructing a natural gas plant on an algal reef that's critical for Taiwan’s biodiversity. These decisions come as governments around the world are scrambling to meet the demands of the Paris Agreement, and as environmental activists fight for a more sustainable planet.
Green Parties propose an alternative voice in politics to tackle our environmental ruin. All over the world, there are 91 Green Parties that believe in committing our governments to environmental stewardship, through electing green movement leaders into office. In Asia, Taiwan is home to the region’s oldest Green Party, which won a National Assembly seat in 1996 - their very first election campaign.
Our guest today is Professor Dafydd Fell, a political scientist at SOAS University of London, and Director of the Centre of Taiwan Studies. Dafydd Fell is author of the new book: “Taiwan’s Green Parties: Alternative Politics in Taiwan”, published in March 2021 by Routledge.
Taiwan’s Green Parties: Alternative Politics in Taiwan:https://www.amazon.com/Taiwans-Green-Parties-Alternative-Routledge/dp/0367650312
Routledge: https://www.routledge.com/Taiwans-Green-Parties-Alternative-Politics-in-Taiwan/Fell/p/book/9780367650315
Subscribe to The Taiwan Take for more Taiwanese perspectives on global issues:
http://www.ghostisland.media/#ttt
Support “Waste Not Why Not” on Patreon. Follow us on Twitter @wastenotpod. Send questions to ask@wastenotwhynot.com. Subscribe to “Waste Not a Newsletter" on Substack.
Support us on Patreon:
http://patreon.com/wastenotwhynot
Subscribe to our newsletter:
https://wastenotwhynot.substack.com/
Follow us on Twitter:
https://twitter.com/wastenotpod
Send your questions to:
ask@wastenotwhynot.com
SHOW CREDIT
Emily Y. Wu (Executive Producer)
https://twitter.com/emilyywu
Nate Maynard (Producer / Host)
https://twitter.com/N8MAY
Yu-Chen Lai (Producer / Editing)
https://twitter.com/aGuavaEmoji
Ghost Island Media (Production Company)
https://twitter.com/ghostislandme
www.ghostisland.media
MB01LZL94UQ1ZX6

political activism 在 Ghost Island Media 鬼島之音 Youtube 的精選貼文
We talk to PhD candidate Lev Nachman about the world of Taiwan Studies in academia. He discusses his entry into the field and provides practical advice for students around the world who are interested in studying Taiwan.
Lev Nachman is a PhD candidate in the political science department at UC-Irvine studying social movements and political parties in Taiwan and Hong Kong. He is also a Fulbright scholar and is currently based in Taiwan. He tweets (a lot!) at https://twitter.com/lnachman32
Today’s episode is hosted by Sam Robbins - a masters student at the department of sociology at National Taiwan University where he researches international data activism. He is also editor at Taiwan Insight, the online magazine from the University of Nottingham. This was Sam’s final episode as a researcher on the Taiwan Take.
Support us on Patreon:
http://patreon.com/taiwan
Follow us on Twitter:
https://twitter.com/ghostislandme
SHOW CREDIT
Sam Robbins (Producer, Host)
https://twitter.com/helloitissam
Emily Y. Wu (Producer, Editor)
https://twitter.com/emilyywu
Claudia Sheng (Editor)
Ghost Island Media (Production Company)
https://twitter.com/ghostislandme
www.ghostisland.media
MB017SYZZB2NPUJ

political activism 在 View of Political Facebook groups: Micro-activism and the ... 的推薦與評價
The growth of social networking sites (SNS), like Facebook, has caused many to rethink how we understand political activism and citizen engagement. ... <看更多>
political activism 在 How to Become a Political Activist | Femi Oluwole 的推薦與評價
... <看更多>