巴黎著名人權和宗教自由律師、學者帕特里夏·杜瓦爾觀察到,當她第一次得知太極門案時,對台灣政府忽視國際批評風險感到驚訝。另一方面,她在法國的經歷告訴她,有時宗教和精神少數派的反對者並沒有考慮到這些風險。杜瓦爾指出,台灣於 2009 年批准並將《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》(ICCPR)和《經濟、社會和文化權利國際公約》(ICESCR)納入其國家法律。這些,正如歐洲人權法院和其他國際司法管轄區所解釋的那樣,包括在稅收和宗教自由決定中,
Patricia Duval, a well-known Paris human rights and religious liberty attorney and scholar, observed that when she first learned of the Tai Ji Men case, she was surprised that the Taiwan government was ignoring the risk of being criticized internationally. On the other hand, her experience in France told her that sometimes opponents of religious and spiritual minorities do not take these risks into account. Duval noted that Taiwan in 2009 ratified and included in its national law the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). These, as they have been interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights and other international jurisdictions, including in tax and religious liberty decisions, should have been applied to the Tai Ji Men case and led to its solution, but they didn’t.
“人權無國界”的聯合創始人兼董事威利·福特(Willy Fautré)表示,台灣是一個民主國家,但沒有一個民主國家是完美的。太極門案讓台灣有機會像照鏡子一樣看到其民主制度的不完善之處。Fautré 說,現在應該立即解決這個問題。
Willy Fautré, co-founder and director of Human Rights Without Frontiers, stated that Taiwan is a democracy, but no democracy is perfect. The Tai Ji Men case offers to Taiwan an opportunity to see, as if in a mirror, what is imperfect in its democratic system. It should now be solved, Fautré said, without delay.
https://bitterwinter.org/scholars-discuss-transitional-justice-tai-ji-men-case/
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political test 在 國立臺灣大學 National Taiwan University Facebook 的最讚貼文
【國立臺灣大學 109學年度畢業典禮 校長致詞】
Opening Remarks, National Taiwan University Commencement 2021
President Dr. Chung-Ming Kuan
.
各位師長同仁,各位畢業同學以及家長們,歡迎大家參加 109 學年度的線上畢業典禮。
去年新冠疫情初起,學校雖仍舉辦實體的畢業典禮,但規模大為縮小,許多師生和家長均以無法參加典禮為憾。今年初臺灣的疫情持續穩定,大家原本期待今年畢業典禮能按照往年方式辦理。不料五月時疫情急轉直下,臺北市疫情警戒程度提高,我們於是推遲畢業典禮,並改以線上方式進行。這也是臺大首次以線上方式舉辦畢業典禮。
隨著疫情發展,線上活動如今已成為生活中的新常態。我們雖逐漸習慣線上教學,線上會議,線上交流,線上購物訂餐等,但連期待了四年的畢業典禮也只能在線上參加,許多同學與家長們難免失望。為此,學務處與許多同學攜手,精心策劃了今天這場特殊的線上畢業典禮,希望能讓大家留下不一樣,但仍美好的記憶。
因為新冠疫情,有些同學會抱怨:這樣大的疫情怎麼就正好被我們在畢業時碰上了?也有些同學則樂觀的想,一旦有了疫苗,疫情得到控制,世界最終還是會回到以前的軌道,大家仍可以過著平穩安定的日子。
然而這個世界從不曾平靜。今年畢業的同學多數出生於1999 年,那正是規模達 7.3 的 921 大地震發生的那一年。時隔四年,亞洲(包括臺灣)爆發了罕見的急性呼吸道感染病 SARS。不過五年之後,源自美國的金融海嘯席捲全球,影響全世界經濟數年之久。2009 更是不平靜的一年,臺灣出現莫拉克風災,造成慘重傷亡;全球則爆發了 H1N1 流感大流行,數十萬人因此死亡。這些當時都曾被認為是數十年(甚至百年)一遇的重大災難。
回顧二十多年來的這些事件(這還僅僅是一部份與臺灣相關的事件),我們就會發現:巨大的天災人禍,過去曾頻繁出現,未來應該也不會少見。
當然,新冠疫情的影響範圍遠超過 SARS 與 H1N1 流感,對世界的衝擊則更大於金融海嘯。近代能與這次疫情相比的是一百年前 (1918-1920) 的全球流感大流行;據後來估計,當時全世界人口三分之一染疫,約有五千萬人因此不幸喪生。
那次流感爆發時正值第一次世界大戰末期,對當時的德軍主力造成嚴重打擊。而後疫情時代,戰敗的德國被列強宰割,奧匈帝國及奧圖曼帝國亦隨之瓦解,徹底改變了舊的國際秩序,也為後來的世局(從歐陸,到中東和亞洲)埋下許多不安定的種子。
這次新冠疫情並未伴隨著世界大戰,但出現在國際強權針鋒相對,世界產業供應鏈重整的關鍵時刻;後疫情時代因此充滿不確定性。而重組後的國際政經秩序,我不知道那會是一個「美好或不美好的新世界」*,但它就是大家必須面對的世界。那裡將充滿挑戰和機會,如何善用所學回應挑戰,如何從機會中脫穎而出,都是大家新的功課。這些功課沒有標準答案,你們必須自己解答,自己審閱答案。
我也希望利用這個機會提醒同學們,對於正在醫療前線奮戰的眾多醫護人員,其中包括了許多學校師長與大家的學長姐們,我們一定要心存感念。當疫情大浪襲來時,他們勇往直前,力挽狂瀾,不僅保護病人,也捍衛著臺灣社會。他們是真正的英雄。只要大家共同努力,疫情終會過去,我們一定會贏得抗疫的最後勝利。
最後,我謹代表所有老師和行政主管,向所有畢業同學們表達最深切的祝福,也恭喜辛苦多年的家長們。敬祝大家未來一切順利,身體健康
最後我還想講幾句話。我記得我看過一篇外國人寫的文章,他說他在臺灣多年,注意到臺灣有個很奇怪的習慣,朋友分手時都常常會說:「要小心哦」。我看到這篇文章的時候,也突然心有所感;多年來我媽媽每次看到我出門時會跟我講這句話,而後來我跟自己的小孩,也會講這樣的話。所以在畢業典禮這個時刻,我敬祝大家未來一切順利,身體健康,大家都要小心哦!
2021.6.26
*「美好新世界」(Brave New World) due to A. Huxley
.
==============================
.
When the COVID-19 pandemic began last year, NTU was still able to hold graduation ceremonies in person but on a much smaller scale and with the absence of many faculty members, students, and parents. Earlier this year, we were hoping to gather for a traditional commencement. But the sudden outbreak in May had forced Taipei City to raise its epidemic alert level. So we postponed the Commencement and made the decision to hold the ceremony virtually. This is the first virtual Commencement in NTU history.
To our faculty, new graduates, and parents, welcome to the National Taiwan University’s Commencement celebration for the Class of 2021.
As the pandemic unfolds, digital is the new normal. While we gradually adapt to online learning, virtual meetings, social media, online shopping, and food delivery, it is inescapably disappointing for many students and parents to have to celebrate the achievements of our graduates this way after anticipating this event for four years. And because of this, the Office of Student Affairs has teamed up with the graduates to ensure that this unique virtual Commencement is a moment that everyone will remember fondly in the future.
Some of you may ask, "why does this happen just when we are graduation?" And some of you may think optimistically that once the vaccines are available and the pandemic is contained, the world will be back to normal, and that we will all live peacefully.
But the world has never been peaceful. Most of the graduates this year were born in 1999, when the magnitude 7.3 earthquake happened on September 21. Four years after, SARS broke out in Asia, including Taiwan. Within another 5 years, the financial crisis, originated in the United States, affected global economies for years. In 2009, Typhoon Morakot landed and caused severe casualties in Taiwan; the H1N1 flu pandemic took hundreds of thousands of lives. These disasters were, at the time, seen as rare catastrophes that would only take place once every few decades, or even centuries.
Looking back to the past 20 years, we’d notice that, even just in Taiwan, catastrophes have never been in short supply. And they will probably never be in the future either.
Of course, the effect of COVID is far beyond SARS and H1N1, and its impact is greater than the financial crises. What came close was the Spanish flu that took place a century ago (1918-1920), when, according to estimation, one-third of the global population was infected and about 50 million people died.
The influenza pandemic outbreak took place at the end of WWI and hit the German military especially hard. And after the pandemic, Germany was forced to cede its territories to the great powers. What followed was the fall of the Austro-Hungarian and the Ottoman Empires. The series of events reset the international order and formed the settings for many conflicts in the years to come.
While COVID did not break out during a world war, it came at a critical time when great powers bicker and the global supply chains face a reform. The post-pandemic ear is therefore full of uncertainty. I don’t know whether it’d be a "Brave New World"* once the international political and economic orders are reshuffled. But it will be a world we have to live in. There will be many challenges and opportunities, and it will be our new task to utilize what we have learned to tackle challenges and grasp opportunities. Unlike any standardize
d test, you will have to answer and grade the answers yourselves.
I also want to use this opportunity to remind the graduates, that we must have appreciation and gratitude for the healthcare workers who are on the frontlines fighting. Many of them are our faculty members and alums. When the waves of the pandemic hit, they stood up to save lives and protect Taiwan’s society. They are true heroes. As long as we work together, we will weather the crisis and win this battle.
Finally, on behalf of the faculty and management, I send you our deepest best wishes. And congratulations to the parents and families who have supported the graduates for years. I wish you success and good health.
One final thing, I remember reading an article by a foreign writer who said he had lived in Taiwan for years and had noticed that Taiwanese people have a strange habit of saying "be careful" when they part ways. When I read the article, this resonates with me from the heart. For years, my mother would say the same thing whenever I am leaving the house. Now I say the same thing to my children, too. So at this Commencement ceremony, I wish everyone great success in the future, good health, and "be careful."
2021.6.26
*「美好新世界」(Brave New World) due to A. Huxley
.
詳見:
https://www.facebook.com/NTUCommencement/posts/2718144868475937
.
#臺灣大學 #畢業典禮 #NTUCommencement2021 #校長致詞
political test 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答
[時事英文] 從 Most Dangerous Place 文章,看經濟學人寫作邏輯
最近大家好像都在討論這一篇文章, 我們來聽一下前總統府英文演講撰稿人Andrew Yang的觀點吧:
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Economist 經濟學人這禮拜發表了一篇聳動的文章:The Most Dangerous Place on Earth: https://econ.st/3tbpZWT
雖然有些人覺得 Economist 寫的東西很無聊 (我以前在美國外交研究所,每個同學都這麼覺得),但他們的寫作邏輯嚴謹度是非常高的。
他們怎麼寫?
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The Most Dangerous Place on Earth: America and China must work harder to avoid war over the future of Taiwan
📌 文章架構:
1. Premise 前提:台海平衡建立在一個「矛盾」上
2. What if...:如果發生戰爭,會有多恐怖
3. Premise is weak:前提的平衡,比我們想像還要脆弱...
4. Reason 原因:武力侵台,對中國來說越來越可行了
5. Counter argument:但習近平真的想要冒這個風險嗎?沒人知道
6. Recommendation:所以台美要努力讓中國覺得武力不是一個選項
邏輯:
- 建立前提
- 然後探討不同發展方向會有什麼後果
- 我們有什麼理由/證據告訴我們會往哪個方向發展?
- 最後:在這種不確定下,我們該怎麼做?
★★★★★★★★★★★★
📌 標題的組合是聳動的一句 "most dangerous place on earth" 加上 call to action - 一定要努力避免戰爭。
這個是不錯的標題組合,大家不妨沿用:抓住注意力,然後給結論。
不過老實說,副標有點弱。因為 "work harder to avoid war" 是所有專家都講了幾十年的。標題太重要了,應該要有點新的東西,或是寫的很具體。而且拜託,如果有人叫你 "work harder",你會不會覺得:「廢話」?
就算我們簡單看內文,也可以生出更具體的副標:
- Has war become a viable option for Beijing?
- The strategic ambiguity over Taiwan is breaking down
- Time to remove war as an option
★★★★★★★★★★★★
好,文章開始:
The test of a first-rate intelligence, wrote F. Scott Fitzgerald, is the ability to hold two opposing ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function. For decades just such an exercise of high-calibre ambiguity has kept the peace between America and China over Taiwan...
Today, however, this strategic ambiguity is breaking down. The United States is coming to fear that it may no longer be able to deter China from seizing Taiwan by force.
📌 這個告訴讀者 (他們教育水準普遍非常高,但可能不大熟悉台灣),台海的平衡一直是一個矛盾的平衡,而這個平衡也許無法繼續維持了。這樣寫提高戲劇張力,吸引讀者。
他們這個開頭,其實也是伏筆,晚點會繞回來。
*引用 Fitzgerald 的話本身慢逗趣的,展現了他們的文學素養 lol。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
下一句告訴大家,台海戰爭對世界的後果有多恐怖:
War would be a catastrophe, and not only because of the bloodshed in Taiwan and the risk of escalation between two nuclear powers. One reason is economic. The island lies at the heart of the semiconductor industry. TSMC, the world’s most valuable chipmaker, etches 84% of the most advanced chips.
但他們反而把他們認為「最重要」的部分,放在後面:
The bigger reason is that Taiwan is an arena for the rivalry between China and America. Although the United States is not treaty-bound to defend Taiwan, a Chinese assault would be a test of America’s military might and its diplomatic and political resolve. If the Seventh Fleet failed to turn up, China would overnight become the dominant power in Asia. America’s allies around the world would know that they could not count on it. Pax Americana would collapse.
📌 最後一句最關鍵:如果美國不阻止中國,其他盟友會知道:美國可能不會來救我們。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
然後,他們就回到開頭的伏筆了:
To understand how to avoid conflict in the Taiwan Strait, start with the contradictions that have kept the peace during the past few decades. The government in Beijing insists it has a duty to bring about unification—even, as a last resort, by means of invasion. The Taiwanese, who used to agree that their island was part of China (albeit a non-Communist one), have taken to electing governments that stress its separateness, while stopping short of declaring independence. And America has protected Taiwan from Chinese aggression, even though it recognises the government in Beijing. These opposing ideas are bundled into what Fitzgerald’s diplomatic inheritors blithely call the “status quo”. In fact, it is a roiling, seething source of neurosis and doubt.
他們一一列出台美中三方的立場,然後指出:把這個叫做 "Status Quo" 根本就很荒唐啊!這個真的很 roiling, seething, neurotic (要強調的這麼誇張嗎...)。
📌 我發現 The Economist 很喜歡把最重要的結論放在最後面。其他刊物/作者可能會把重點放在最前面:"What Fitzgerald's diplomatic inheritors blithely call the "status quo" is in fact a roiling, seething source of neurosis..." 然後再列出三方的立場。
這可能也跟 The Economist 自認的讀者群有關:我認識會看他們東西的人,都是在家或是辦公室,真的坐下來好好看的,所以把重點放在後面還 ok,因為很多讀者會好好看到最後。但你如果寫給「瞄過去」的讀者,就請把重點放在段落最前面。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
🔎 需要更多的分析嗎? 想看完整文章的同學請按個讚和留言「從 Most Dangerous Place 文章,看經濟學人寫作邏輯」。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Presentality系列文章:
📌 看貝佐斯致亞馬遜股東的最後一封信,學一些英文寫作小撇步
https://bit.ly/3xCN1cC
📌 英文演講實用的結構與技巧
https://bit.ly/2PHu3Ax
📌 在演講中的四種敘述角度
https://bit.ly/39tNUtv
📌 詩人Amanda Gorman的英文演講技巧
https://bit.ly/39sI3on
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