#下雨空氣就會變好嗎?
#科學實證月經文
文/ 陳信諭 醫師
昨晚到今日,高雄降下入冬以來少見的雨勢,但有些關心空氣品質的市民還是發現,昨晚到今晨,市區多處測站PM2.5濃度仍然偏高。 因此我們又要來回答常常會被問到的:「為什麼都下雨了PM2.5還是沒降呢」?
事實上,根據長期氣象資料分析,所有PM量均和雨量成反比,換言之,下雨的確會讓PM下降,但顆粒大者較明顯。例如PM10在下雨後,表面粘附性改善,容易沉降,但PM2.5下降幅度就沒這麼多。
一篇北京研究顯示:下5mm的雨量可讓PM2.5 每立方公尺降10–30μg [1]。但另一篇蘭州研究則顯示,除非下超大雨,PM2.5才能降8%左右,普通雨勢都沒什麼幫助,而就算是PM10等粒子,降雨也頂多能讓其下降20-30%[2]。其餘中國與歐洲研究則顯示,就算PM2.5有下降,其效應主要和風有關(例如冬季降雨常是伴隨鋒面),與雨的相關係數較低[3]。因而,空汙之變化還是要看整體大氣變化,以及當地的污染組成,單單降雨一個因子,並不足以清除空汙。
此外,因為雨會溶解污染物,特別是硫化物,因而空汙嚴重時降雨(特別是前10分鐘)中雖然這些物質濃度下降,但雨水會溶有硫化物、磷化物甚至重金屬等物質[1],大家反而要小心啊。
參考資料:
1.Ouyang, Wei, et al. "The washing effect of precipitation on particulate matter and the pollution dynamics of rainwater in downtown Beijing." Science of The Total Environment 505 (2015): 306-314.
2.Feng, Xinyuan, and Shigong Wang. "Influence of different weather events on concentrations of particulate matter with different sizes in Lanzhou, China." Journal of Environmental Sciences 24.4 (2012): 665-674.
3.Barmpadimos, I., et al. "One decade of parallel fine (PM 2.5) and coarse (PM 10–PM 2.5) particulate matter measurements in Europe: trends and variability." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12.7 (2012): 3189-3203.
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過6萬的網紅Herman Yeung,也在其Youtube影片中提到,HKDSE Chemistry 全彩筆記免費下載: Google Play 圖書下載連結: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=LwyMDwAAQBAJ PDF下載連結: https://hermanutube.blogspot.hk/20...
「precipitation chemistry」的推薦目錄:
precipitation chemistry 在 Herman Yeung Youtube 的精選貼文
HKDSE Chemistry 全彩筆記免費下載:
Google Play 圖書下載連結: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=LwyMDwAAQBAJ
PDF下載連結: https://hermanutube.blogspot.hk/2016/01/youtube-pdf.html
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HKDSE Chemistry Past Paper Solution:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rQQSBRoUxgoDGfRSyzCbfQ
HKCEE Chemistry Past Paper Solution:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pUFc2ez3vIvXcfEvuHOKfq
HKALE Chemistry Past Paper Solution:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oi-728So4BWAkDmr9QDT2g
Past Paper (香港公共圖書館): https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/web/guest/hkcee-and-hkale-papers-collection
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HKDSE Chemistry (Compulsory) 所有 videos 的 Playlist 可看:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pxOxvVaCYQcTgl4jOOgc5c
分類的 Playlist 可看:
Ch 0: Miscellaneous 雜項
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8o89q55V-nTAnclDqAvfhtR
Ch 1: Planet Earth 地球
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8ryAC5cWPHG8_AnpZ292xTn
Ch 2: Microscopic World I 微觀世界I
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qob3q0MS-b3_jf36MQ3u2f
Ch 3: Metals 金屬
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rcrSxADn1PyGg0NLqKxXSK
Ch 4: Acids and Bases 酸和鹽基
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rgnySLfCt_vLxtmkzflXPT
Ch 5: Fossil Fuels & Carbon Compounds 化石燃料和碳化合物
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rbW7fTMzSAMjqopEMpOw-h
Ch 6: Microscopic World II 微觀世界II
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oKZUzgfYc9HoNAJZ4ReBNw
Ch 7: Redox, Chem Cells & Electrolysis 氧化還原、化學電池和電解
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8olE61HbZSMLvt30RFM0vz6
Ch 8: Chemical Reactions and Energy 化學反應和能量
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qI2I1WQS7RWsvvr7vq6gmU
Ch 9: Rate of Reaction 反應速率
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rQngMXaI4nSHXfEKrn1VzO
Ch 10: Chemical Equilibrium 化學平衡
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8o9KkZVUVX0kEqpFIzZ_ECO
Ch 11: Chemistry of Carbon Compounds 碳化合物的化學
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qDOq-teXtrrMTREdgGyXsf
Ch 12: Patterns in the Chemical World 化學世界中的規律
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qu4wrVWL6CLiHy_NAJ_0_m
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HKDSE Chemistry (Elective) 分類的 Playlist 可看:
Ch 13: Industrial chemistry 工業化學
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rSgvT-H1zl8Lg4t554_SgI
Ch 14: Material chemistry 物料化學
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pQflamAC9u3M_Z0Dt44N3p
Ch 15: Analytical chemistry 分析化學
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8r0Gp8cTHr1b8Ma5idOYn88
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Note Only Playlist 只有全彩筆記影片的播放清單:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8ppqQ_ALTmCQoZ7VtEAZVbC
(快速背誦) 重溫 DSE Chem (Compulsory Part):https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oM6L17yUBApSnj7ZheHFI1
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