核電不敵再生能源,衰退已成定局
2017《世界核能產業現狀報告》說到,「報告已敲醒鐘,辯論已然結束。世界能源的優先選擇順序上,核電將被太陽和風力所取代。這並非夢想或推估,而已成為現實」。而根據2020《世界核能產業現狀報告》全球能源發展的整體趨勢呈現為再生能源持續有突破性發展,核電則不論在發電量增長、發電占比或是發電成本上,皆 #不敵再生能源。
以下我們整理了幾點核能不敵再生能源的事實:
✅ 均化成本:核電已比風、光貴將近4倍
根據金融諮詢和資產管理公司拉札德(Lazard)2019年的能源技術成本報告,太陽光電的均化成本(註1)從2010年每度電 0.359美元降至2019年0.041美元(USD/KWh),降幅89%;風電從每度電0.135美元降至0.04美元,降幅70%;核電成本十年來則上升了26%,從每度電0.123美元漲至0.155美元,已比風、光貴將近四倍。
✅ 投資金額:全球再生能源投資金額是核電的10倍
《2020世界核能產業現狀報告》(註2)指出,2019年全球挹注於再生能源上的總投資超過3000億美元,是核能發電投資的十倍之多。
✅ 就業人數:未來再生能源就業人口是核電的36倍
根據國際再生能源總署(IRENA)2018年的報告(註3),2016年全球再生能源就業人數已達到近1000萬人,核電為70萬,而在全球升溫於世紀末前控制在2度C的情境中,再生能源至2050年預估可創造2880萬個就業機會,核電為80萬。
✅ 平均建置期:核電比風跟光多花2倍時間
根據五位能源學者分析123個國家的數據後共同發表的報告《對照追求再生電力、核電國家間的減碳排放量差異》(註4),核電的平均前置期為 90 個月,風力和光電僅為 40 個月。因此在投資同樣金額之下,再生能源比易受延宕的核電更能迅速地減少碳排放。
✅ 碳排放量:核電碳排最高將達到再生能源的10至18倍
史丹福大學環境工程學系教授Mark Jacobson的研究報告指出(註5),將不同電力來源生命週期,包括採礦、燃料製造、電廠營運到後端除役與廢料處理過程之碳排都完整計入時,核電的碳排放量將高出再生能源10到18倍。另一個匯集分析了103份核電生命週期碳排的研究(註6)則指出,每度核電的平均碳排約為66克二氧化碳當量,相較之下太陽光電是32克二氧化碳當量、離岸風力則是9克二氧化碳當量。
Jacobson也指出另一個常被忽略的「機會成本碳排」,是指由於興建速度緩慢,需要耗費更多時間依賴化石燃料,因此相較其他更快速的電力選項會再增加額外的碳排。新建核電的機會成本碳排和風電相比,每度電為64至102克二氧化碳當量。
✅ 發電佔比:再生能源占比超越核電
非水力再生能源在2019年時貢獻了全球10.39%的發電量,首度超越核電的10.35%,其中核能發電的發電占比自1996年以來便持續下降,2019年只比前一年微幅成長0.2%。
✅ 裝置容量年成長:風和光是核電的65倍
根據《2020世界核能產業現狀報告》,全球非水力再生能源在2019年新增的裝置容量達到184GW,創下歷史新高,其中風力發電量新增59.2GW,年增率為13%;太陽光電新增了98GW發電量,年增率為24%,相較之下,核能發電的淨成長僅為2.4GW,年增率為3.7%,且有一半來自於中國。
✅ 國際能源總署的評估:再生能源減碳貢獻遠超過核電
國際能源總署(IEA)今年發布的「2050淨零:全球能源部門路徑圖」報告(註7)中指出,為了達到2050年淨零目標,再生能源在全球電力的占比需要達到將近90%,核電則不到10%。
種種對比顯示核電在現今社會已經是過時又危險的舊世紀產物,全世界都在減少核電(除了中國),台灣卻還有某群人在掙扎,不免讓人擔心是否墨守成規,不願接受世界趨勢。因此,我們邀請大家在12/18的全民公投第17案投下不同意票,讓台灣邁向更乾淨、更安全的家園。
#分手吧我們不核四
#核四公投17不同意
#12月18日公投讓我們大家ㄧ起對核四公投案投下不同意票
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註1:均化成本(Levelized Cost of Energy)用來計算發電設備壽命週期內的平均發電成本,包括投資、運轉與維護、燃料及除役成本,是評估電力技術競爭力的基本指標。
註2:《2020世界核能產業現狀報告》”World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2020” https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/-World-Nuclear-Industry-Status-Report-2020-.html
註3:國際再生能源總署(IRENA)- " Global Energy Transformation: A Roadmap to 2050 "
https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/Apr/IRENA_Report_GET_2018.pdf
註4:《對照追求再生電力、核電國家間的減碳排放量差異》(Differences in carbon emissions reduction between countries pursuing renewable electricity versus nuclear power)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344482658_differences_in_carbon_emissions_reduction_between_countries_pursuing_renewable_electricity_versus_nuclear_power
註5:”Evaluation of Nuclear Power as a Proposed Solution to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security” https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/NuclearVsWWS.pdf
註6:"Energy Balance of Nuclear Power Generation" https://www.energyagency.at/fileadmin/dam/pdf/publikationen/berichteBroschueren/Endbericht_LCA_Nuklearindustrie-engl.pdf
註7:"Net Zero by 2050 - A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector" https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/beceb956-0dcf-4d73-89fe-1310e3046d68/NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector_CORR.pdf
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同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2萬的網紅賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual,也在其Youtube影片中提到,— 陪賓狗錄 podcast — 歡迎來訂閱我的節目《聽新聞學英文》 https://open.firstory.me/user/bingobilingual/platforms 本集為 Bingo News Podcast 試聽集 想要聽完整內容,歡迎付費訂閱賓狗: 宅起來學英文 - 九折! ...
「renewable energy carbon emissions」的推薦目錄:
renewable energy carbon emissions 在 美國在台協會 AIT Facebook 的最讚貼文
🌏 美國致力於在2030年以前,將美國的碳排放量比2005年的水準減少50%至52 %。拜登總統已宣布美國重返《巴黎氣候協定》,並承諾在2024年以前將美國對發展中國家的氣候援助增加一倍,並將調適的資金增加兩倍。拜登總統近期在康瓦爾舉行的七大工業國集團 (G7) 領袖峰會上強調,全球轉型使用更潔淨的能源來源,不僅迫在眉睫,也至關重要。
AIT商務組在8月11日舉辦了「再生能源網路研討會」,邀請到韋能能源台灣區投資總監集團投資總經理鄭成芳及上緯新能源執行長林雍堯,講述台灣太陽能和風能市場的商機。展望未來,美國再生能源上下游供應商將能與台灣當地能源大廠合作,為台灣2025年再生能源發電占比20%的政策目標做出重大貢獻,並協助美台應對共同的氣候變遷挑戰。
🌏 The United States is committed to reducing carbon emissions to 50-52 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. President Biden has returned the United States to the Paris Climate Agreement, pledged to double the United States’ climate support for developing countries by 2024, and to triple adaptation finance. Most recently, at the G7 meeting in Cornwall, President Biden highlighted that transitioning the world to cleaner energy sources is both urgent and essential.
On the evening of August 11, AIT’s Commercial Section hosted a webinar on renewal energy, where top management from Vena Energy and Swancor Renewable Energy provided insight on business opportunities in the solar and wind energy sector in Taiwan. Going forward, innovative U.S. upstream and downstream suppliers will have an opportunity to engage with major local energy players, which will contribute to Taiwan’s ambitious goal of generating 20 percent of its energy from renewable sources by 2025 and help both the United States and Taiwan address the shared challenge of climate change.
renewable energy carbon emissions 在 IELTS Nguyễn Huyền Facebook 的最讚貼文
TỪ VỰNG IELTS CHỦ ĐỀ ENVIRONMENT [Kèm PDF bài mẫu]
🍄PHẦN TỪ VỰNG
- carbon dioxide ≈ greenhouse gases (khí thải nhà kính) ≈ emissions (khí thải)
- the greenhouse effect: hiệu ứng nhà kính
- average global temperatures ≈ the earth’s average temperatures ≈ our planet’s average temperatures: nhiệt độ trung bình toàn cầu/trái đất
- human activity: hoạt động của con người
- deforestation ≈ forest clearance ≈ illegal logging (chặt cây trái pháp luật) ≈ cutting and burning trees
- produce = release + khí thải + into….(v): thải khí thải ra đâu
- the burning of fossil fuels: việc đốt nhiên liệu hóa thạch
- ozone layer depletion: sự phá hủy tầng ô-zôn
- melting of the polar ice caps: việc tan chảy các tảng băng ở cực
- sea levels: mực nước biển
- extreme weather conditions: những điều kiện thời tiết khắc nghiệt
- put heavy pressure on…: đặt áp lực nặng nề lên…
- wildlife habitats: môi trường sống của động vật hoang dã
- the extinction of many species of animals and plants: sự tuyệt chủng của nhiều loài động thực vật
- people’s health: sức khỏe của con người
- introduce laws to…: ban hành luật để….
- renewable energy from solar, wind or water power: năng lượng tái tạo từ năng lượng mặt trời, gió và nước.
- raise public awareness: nâng cao ý thức cộng đồng
- promote public campaigns: đẩy mạnh các chiến dịch cộng đồng
- posing a serious threat to: gây ra sự đe dọa đối với
- power plants = power stations: các trạm năng lượng
- absorb: hấp thụ
- global warming = climate change: nóng lên toàn cầu/ biến đổi khí hậu
- solve = tackle = address = deal with: giải quyết
🍄PHẦN BÀI MẪU +PHÂN TÍCH + PDF page mình xem chi tiết tại đây nhé:
https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/tu-vung-ielts-chu-de-environment/
#ieltsnguyenhuyen
renewable energy carbon emissions 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的最佳貼文
— 陪賓狗錄 podcast —
歡迎來訂閱我的節目《聽新聞學英文》
https://open.firstory.me/user/bingobilingual/platforms
本集為 Bingo News Podcast 試聽集
想要聽完整內容,歡迎付費訂閱賓狗:
宅起來學英文 - 九折!
6/13 以前,在 PressPlay 付費訂閱賓狗
並使用折扣碼 BINGOCOME
就可以用九折優惠,解鎖更多英文學習資源
趕快點擊下列連結,還可以免費試閱 3 天唷
https://www.pressplay.cc/link/DEB72F8C
【試聽集逐字稿】
In the Hague, the district court delivered a judgment against Royal Dutch Shell, the parent company of the Shell group, which is one of the oil giants in the world. Under the ruling, Shell is obliged to cut its carbon emissions by 45% by the end of 2030, compared to 2019.
While this is surely a historic victory, it may not bring as great benefits as we expect it to do for the following reasons.
Firstly, energy demand is still rising. Oil and gas demand is far from peaking and supplies will be needed. Countries in Asia provide the lion’s share of growth. With the demand still rising, can we really reduce carbon emission with this ruling against Shell?
Some may suggest renewable energy as the alternative. Of course this is a great solution. However, we’re not yet ready to change from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The renewable energy sector is definitely booming, but not ready to meet energy demand from around the globe.
This explains why climate activists have got some unlikely cheerleaders in the oil capitals of Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi and Russia. Why? Asian countries, with their rising demands, will now go to oil companies in the Middle East and Russia. Shell’s loss means more business for them.
參考資料:
https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/opec-russia-seen-gaining-more-power-with-shell-dutch-ruling-2021-06-01/
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