【多說、多寫改善不了的英文口說、寫作問題】
在幫大家總結 40 年的應用語言學研究之前,請大家猜猜看,都在表達「她對你評價很高」時,哪一句話是美國人說,哪一句話是台灣學生說的呢?
(a) She gave you a lot of praises.
(b) She spoke highly of you.
大多人都能正確地選出 (b) ,但同時也覺得:
「好像單字記了不少,但就是講不出那樣的英文。而這好像也不是多講就有辦法解決的。」
【情況分析】
如果我們今天背單字,只是為了在「選擇題」時選得出來,有時定義背一背(中文也罷、英文也罷),難一點的題目上下文判斷一下、就能拿到分數。Congratulations.
但若目的是想要「用得出來」,至少有 2 方面需要我們加深學習,可分成 word-related 和 learning-related:
1️⃣ Word-related: 除了該字的意思以外,還需要知道發音、拼法 (for 寫作),我相信這道理像廢話,很多人都了解。
但 「part of speech (詞性)」、「grammatical
behavior (文法規範、行為)」和「字詞搭配」更是影響我們有沒有辦法用出來的關鍵。
✔︎ 沒有注意「詞性」,我們可能會錯用成"became success" "That was happened yesterday." "You're so fashion." 這樣的錯誤英文。
✔︎ 不了解文法規範,我們可能學了 involve (涉及、包含),也用不出來。可能會亂用成 "She involved deeply in this project."
2️⃣ Learning-related:無數語言學、認知心理學研究都指出:"Repeated exposure" (反覆接觸) 是記好單字很重要的關鍵。
但這樣的「反覆接觸」,不是在「短時間內一直看一直看」就可以達成。
有時要在我們學完後,某一天在追劇、看英文雜誌、或和外國老闆開會時,恰巧「再碰到且注意」後,才會加深學習效果。對住在台灣的我們 (自然英文 input 不夠),是比較困難的。
【小故事幫助你 / 妳理解】
像對我來說 speak / think highly of sb (對~有很高的評價),以前在學習時,也不會覺得這是馬上用得出來的英文。但在哥大念碩一時,有一位 Lindhardsen 教授在走廊上遇到我時,跟我說 "Prof. Han spoke highly of you."
對我來說那樣的「接觸」,啟動了我的字彙記憶,一口氣讓那個用法從 receptive knowledge (能認、直覺用不出),轉化成了我的 productive knowledge (用得出)。
【你 / 妳可以這樣做】
語言學權威 Stephen Krashen 教授提出來的「窄式學習」,就一次達成了上面2個要件。
藉由對「同一主題」的東西大量聽、閱讀,讓我們能夠短時間內有很多的「repeated exposure」。也因為對內容的熟悉 (content familiarity),讓我們更能「有餘力」注意到「part of speech (詞性)」、「grammatical behavior (文法規範、行為)」 和「字詞搭配」等面向。
這次我與 VoiceTube Vclass 合作的線上課程,是全台灣第一個窄式學習的課程。雖然和恆毅力相關,但不是在帶大家看書、也不是心理學的課程。
這套語言課程將21世紀最有影響力的正向心理學主題當作「媒介」,進行更窄、印象更深刻、用得出來的語言學習。
• 課程連結: https://bit.ly/3dzs608 (65折最後2天)
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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The recent SAF training incidents have attracted a lot of attention and concern. I thought it would be useful to share my views on them. – LHL
近年发生的几起新加坡武装部队军训事故受到大家的关注,也引起公众强烈反应。希望在此与大家分享我的看法。请在以下英文稿之后阅读中文稿。– 李显龙
- - - - - - - -
The recent SAF incidents have been very painful, because they cost precious lives. I know how heartbreaking this is to all of us, and especially the families. When it happens to a well known figure like Corporal (First Class) Aloysius Pang, the emotional impact on the public is greater, and the loss is even harder to take.
The SAF has put enormous emphasis on training safety. It aims to achieve zero fatalities. After every incident, we make sure the injured get the best medical care. When a soldier dies, the SAF grieves deeply. His comrades understand how his family feels, because they feel the loss keenly too. But they try to put aside their emotions to take care of the bereaved family, and continue carrying out their SAF duties.
At the same time, the SAF will investigate the incident and identify its causes. We will improve SAF processes and training, so that it does not happen again. We know zero fatalities is extremely hard to achieve. But we will strive for it, because every life is precious to us.
I speak from personal experience. As a unit commander, I was responsible for my men’s training, safety, and welfare. In a way, I was standing in for their parents.
Later, serving on the General Staff, I had to deal with training incidents, decide what needed to be fixed, whether anyone should be punished, what we must keep on doing and what we must stop. I had to account to the bereaved families, and think hard how to keep servicemen safe while still fulfilling the SAF’s mission.
As Prime Minister, I have made sure that the Ministry of Defence has capable leaders, and that when a training accident happens, the government answers, not only to the family, but also to all our NSmen and the public too. That is essential for the SAF and national service to retain public confidence and support.
I can therefore assure you that I and the SAF leadership take safety with utmost seriousness. It was so when I was there, and I am confident it is even more so today.
In war, we will have to put servicemen in harm’s way to defend the country; but in peacetime training, we owe it to our servicemen never to compromise their safety and endanger their lives.
The SAF has to carry on training and fulfilling its operational duties. We cannot outsource our security and defence to anyone else; we have to defend Singapore ourselves. Because we have a strong and well-trained SAF, Singapore enjoys peace and security, and can maintain friendly relations with other countries.
I thank Singaporeans for supporting the SAF and national service. Your support has helped us to build a strong and professional SAF, with a comprehensive order of battle, and well-equipped, well-trained, and well-motivated soldiers.
So when something goes wrong, I hope you will see things in perspective. We must never gloss over shortcomings and failures. But neither should we forget the SAF’s progress and achievements, and its contributions to Singapore’s peace and security.
- - - - - - - -
近期发生的军训事故,让人格外难过,宝贵的生命就这样结束。我非常清楚失去亲人的悲痛,对父母来说,他们失去最疼爱的儿子。如果事故涉及公众人物,如冯伟衷一等中士,民众的反应就更强烈了,更难以接受他们的离世。
武装部队非常重视军训安全, 我们会尽全力让军训达到“零死亡率”的目标。每一次发生事故后,我们都会关心受伤士兵的伤势,给他们最好的医疗照顾。对于不幸去世的战友,我们感到伤心难过,我们能体会家属失去至亲的悲痛心情,对同袍们来说也失去了出生入死的兄弟。但我们必须强忍悲伤,为他们的家人提供最好的安排,给他们最佳的照顾,并继续执行我们武装部队的使命。
同时,武装部队也会一一展开调查,找出事故发生的原因。之后,武装部队一定会加强安全体系和运作程序,确保类似事故不再发生。我知道这非常不容易。可是我们必须全力以赴,因为每个生命都是非常珍贵的。
在这方面,我有深刻的体会。身为一名前军官,我很了解需要为自己部下的军训水平、个人安全以及军中福利负责,代替父母照顾他们。
后来,身为参谋长,每当发生军训事故时,我都要出面处理,纠正过失,决定处分,对整个运作程序作适当的调整,应该改的就去改,应该做的就去做。我有义务向遇难者的家属交代。我必须想尽办法,在士兵履行使命时,保障他们的安全。
身为总理,我必须确保国防部有能干的领导团队。在军训事故发生时,政府必须向遇难者的家人交代,也要向所有国民服役人员和所有人民交代。这样,民众才会继续支持武装部队,继续支持国民服役。
所以,我可以郑重的告诉各位,我和武装部队的领导,非常重视军训安全,他们会认真对待一切事情。当年我在武装部队和国防部的时候,便是这样,我有信心现在更是如此。
战乱发生时,我们的士兵必须冲锋陷阵,他们在保卫国家时,可能身处危险,必须奋不顾身,勇往直前。不过,在和平时期展开军训时,我们必须保障士兵们安全。
武装部队必须坚持使命,不能停止军训和执行军事任务。我们不可能把新加坡的安全和国防外包给其他人,或者另外一个国家。我们的国家要由自己来保卫。有了强大的防卫,新加坡才能享有今日的和平及稳定,和其他国家保持和睦。
我由衷感谢各位给予武装部队和国民服役的支持。你们的支持,让我们建立了一个强大又专业的武装部队。我们的军队拥有完整的编制,士兵们也拥有完善的个人装备, 个个训练有素,有着坚定的意志,保卫国家。
发生事故时,我希望人们可以站在另一个角度来看待问题。政府不会敷衍了事,草率处理任何过失。不过,我们也不该忽视武装部队这些年来,所取得的进步和成就。以及他们对我国的繁荣与稳定所做出的贡献。
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从老公的角度看试管婴儿疗程
当一对夫妻要做 #IVF试管疗程时,做丈夫的应该用什么态度来面对?常常有网友告诉我说,我的老公精子不好,可是他还是不能戒烟戒酒,好不配合。要知道,不孕症不只是女人的责任,男人也是有责任。这篇文章,是以男人的角度出发,里面分享身为丈夫应该如何帮助太太一起度过疗程,文章是英文内容,是奥莉爸爸写的,奥莉爸不会中文。分享给大家😊
IVF Journey, A Husband’s Perspective
Hi all, before reading further I would like to say this is NOT an instruction or tips for IVF and hopefully readers will understand my poorly written English. This is my journey as a father of the IVF baby girl. Why am I sharing all this? It is because my wife had a Facebook page of her IVF journey at https://facebook.com/ivfjourney2015/ and she told me that majorities (not all but most) feedback indicate husband not supportive enough to commit into a journey of IVF. I’m not a true supportive husband either, least I made up my mind to make it happen.
Let’s start with “Why IVF?”
We went for a fertilization test and results with;
Husband: Teratospermia (Human language, sperm is weak for fertilization process)
Wife: Unexplained infertility (I think this is easy to understand, there is for the confirming reason for this result and we don’t go for further test after it because it will consumes too much time and money)
We married and planned to have children late 2011, both our ages were 37 in 2015 because of late marriage. My wife introduced IVF because she does not want to give up and feels regretful in future and so do I. Maybe because I did too many regretful things in the past, now I do not want this happened to my wife. At least I do it better then ignoring it.
Preparation for IVF
Financially, I know it will involve amount of 20k – 30k “Ringgit Malaysia” in the whole process depending on the situation and this is only one chance for me. I don’t have the money for a second attempt because I need to allocate funds for delivery if success.
Mentally, I do some studies/research on IVF. The whole journey took 50 days and in one of the process my wife needs to do a self-injection daily. I quickly asked my wife “Daily injection?! Do I need to fetch you to clinic daily to do this?” She answered “No, we need to do this ourselves”. A final question from me going to be “How?!” After we sat down and discuss, we comes into conclusion and I will do the injection for her. This was the most painful and nervous moment I ever experience by poking a needle to my wife’s belly EVERYDAY!
Lifestyle, 6 months earlier. My wife told me the NO’s, NO alcohol NO smoking NO midnight wandering NO stress. I said, I will fly up to the skies like butterfly if I able to do all the NO’s. It’s like a mission impossible. How can a man like me not go out to social with friends without alcohol and smoke? The joke was sleeping early! You want me to social with my friends in breakfast or lunch time? At this time, she softly said “I really wants to have a cute baby in future, it looks more like a family. Furthermore, I don’t want to have regretful moments in future”. All these words came out of my love (wife), her words melted in my heart deeply. I told her “Ok, we will go for it BUT you will need to promise me ONE IMPORTANT thing. No matter the process success or not we only have one attempt we need to accept the truth and live happily without regret in future.” she agreed.
Commitment, this is not some empty promise. I made a huge commitment to change my lifestyle into zero alcohol, tobacco and lesser stress. If comparing the pain and suffers my wife will take in this journey e.g., injection, medication effects, hormone changes and all the effects from pregnancies to delivery, mine looks more alike small potatoes (looks much more simple). Trust me guys, don't compare it, if you do and more likely you're going loose badly. For the sake of making a better future, I had fulfilled this commitment.
IVF Journey Phase 1 “Unskilled Husband Injection”
Day 1, doctor consults us for Buserelin injection. I need to inject this medication into my wife's belly each day sharp at 8AM. The nurse had guided me side by side to do the first injection.
Day 2, I started my first injection to my wife's belly without anyone guiding beside. Feels a bit nervous because this time I'm doing it all by myself. I try to hum some music to distract my wife's from looking at the needle while injecting but still she is looking at it.
Day 3 - Day 15, sometime the injection hurting and causes bleeding/bruise to her. I need to find a new spot to inject every time and sees her bruise makes my pain in the heart too. My injection skills improved dramatically. She even told me that she doesn't feel pain like the beginning stages.
Day 16, follow up 2nd checkup. Doctor said, everything goes smoothly and added another medication to inject called Gonal-F to take home and start injecting on day 23. This message never surprises me because I've been told earlier, but just that the price to pay for this medication is quite costly.
Day 17 - Day 22, nothing much on these days and we just stick on the plan as usual.
IVF Journey Phase 2 “Stressful Night”
Day 23, Gonal F injections start today. This needle doesn't look same as those earlier, it comes with medication in it and look like a pen.
Day 24 - Day 26, side effects of the Gonal F medications started. My wife is feeling irritation at the injection site, fullness, bloating and tenderness in the lower abdomen due to the increasing size of the ovaries. Her mood changes dramatically as I can tell, but she endures it and tell me she can handle it.
Day 27, follow up 3rd checkup. Doctor said wife has eggs total of 12 and is ready for Transvaginal oocyte retrieval "Human language, Egg retrieval" at day 31.
Day 28 - Day 29, final injection of Gonal F. At day 29 night, I inject Ovidrel to wife belly to that causes the growth and release of a mature egg (ovulation) for day 31.
Day 30, resting whole day. Finally, we had a day without injection and worrying about holding any needles. Today we wondering about the egg growth, not knowing will the eggs grow more or still the same amount of 12.
Day 31, egg retrieval. 8 egg success retrieves and I give out my sperm for oocytes selection on the same day. Wife given cyclogest for oval protection after the egg retrieval.
IVF Journey Phase 3 “Hopeful Embryo Culture & Embryo Transfer”
Day 32 - Day 35, rest at home. We had pillow talk every night concerning about the growth of an embryo. We also look at sample growth stages of an embryo from the web to see what the current growth stage is.
Day 36, another hopeful and nervous morning. Doctor tells us the result of embryo culture as below;
Total Embryo Retrieve: 8
Embryo Qualified for ICSI: 6
Embryo Success until Cleavage Stage (Day 2 – Day 4): 3
Embryo Success until Blastocyst Stage (Day 5): 2
Embryo Qualified / Recommended for Transfer: 1
Both our eyes looked at each other, knowing only 1 Blastocyst Embryo available to transfer and doctor tell the same after it. I really do not know how to express both our feelings into words here, as we expected to have at least 2 Blastocyst out of 8 embryos and only left 1. We both agreed to proceed this only 1 Blastocyst transfer as this is the only choice we had. It's more likely walking on a 100ft tall string with no supports mission, a single error will fail the mission.
After the transfer process, wife given a room to rest for few hours. A nurse came and give us adjunctive medications, injections and advice while resting at room.
IVF Journey Phase 4 “The Final Moment of IVF”
Day 37 - Day 49, after the transfer. This period is known as 2WW (2 Weeks Wait) with adjunctive medications, injections and be very careful. I just let her sleep/rest more on the bed, I served her every meal in the room. We're also nervous and curious about pregnancy results on day 44, we tested with cheap pregnancy tester and get got a double line on it and we do have a little hope and joy with this result. On day 47, again we test, but this time with expensive pregnancy tester and the results double line again! We're so hopeful and happy at this moment. We really hope this result is true until the next checkup.
Day 50, final checkup. My wife goes for the hCG test by giving a sample of blood, we waited 2 hours for the results. While waiting, nurse guide us to a room to rest. Wife slept and I sat beside concerned on the hCG test results. 2 hours later, the doctor invited us to look for him. Before doctor speaks, while we are sitting down, my wife's eyes were starring in the hCG results number and she spotted the hCG number is 452. She smiles happily while doctor tells her "You are pregnant and congratulations! Come back after 2 weeks to scan for baby heartbeats. And please go out to the counter and ring the bell!”
Just Sharing My Thoughts
By all means, I’m not bragging about my success. I would like to say if anyone is planning on IVF, teamwork is very important and husband play a very important role to increase the success rate. Sometimes, I do feel like a spectator than a participant myself because I never experience any of the medical exams but this is not true. Every injection I put on her belly, I feel the pain in my heart as bad as she has on the belly. Ok, nothing much to share in this IVF journey and next time I might be sharing another journey as a Father! Here is my little baby girl Facebook page奥莉 Olivia Baby - 梁童心心 https://fb.me/oliviababylove if you wish to see her growth updates.
End.
#ivf #ivfmalaysia #ivfjourney #baby #alphafertility
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