#鼠年 講 #rat 抑或 #mouse 😉
#陳也 //先跟毛姨學吓英文,鼠年篤灰,二五仔最叻 rat on ...//
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明報
A16 | 英文 English | 毛孟靜
//十二生肖中,為什麼有老鼠,卻沒有貓?我們對老鼠通常並無好感,會罵人鼠輩、膽小如鼠,意思類似 coward 懦夫;形容人獐頭鼠目、蛇頭鼠眼,就等於英文的a ratty face。
而蛇鼠一窩,是指有一群形態鬼祟、心術不正的人 gang up 圖謀之意。
老鼠可登生肖龍虎榜的一個民間傳說,是這樣的:黃帝要選聘十二種動物來擔任宮廷衛士,眾動物皆應徵,原本是貓拜託老鼠代為報名,但老鼠騙了貓,報的是自己的名,從此貓鼠成為世仇:Cats and mice are perennial enemies.
這不禁令人聯想起卡通Tom and Jerry ,湯姆貓與謝利鼠,永恆互相追逐,鬥智鬥力;但他們並非仇家,有時也是朋友。
A Tom and Jerry relationship is also a love-hate relationship: They tease each other, knock down each other, irritate each other, but can't live without each other.湯姆貓與謝利鼠是又愛又恨的關係:他們彼此嘲諷攻擊、互相激怒,但卻不能沒有了對方。
鼠年,英文講Year of the Rat,為什麼一定是rat,不說mouse?這個,應該屬語文習慣,約定俗成,也許亦因為mouse的體積太小,too small,too insignificant,看似分量太輕。但事實上,rat 與 mouse 的頭及尾巴確有分別。
此外,除了米奇老鼠 Micky Mouse,鼠在英文的語境中,恰恰是可愛的相反。叫人做 a rat,就是鄙視其人形態卑劣、心術不正。A rat is a despicable person, especially one who is deceitful or disloyal,一個可恥的、尤其是欺詐或不忠的人。
Rat 用做動詞,一樣是負面的話:
To rat on someone,去做「二五仔」出賣對方,亦即香港人的流行語「篤灰」。
• You just don't rat on friends. 你就是不可出賣朋友。
• Many of his friends rallied to his support, others ratted and joined the enemy. 他的許多朋友群起支持他,但也有一些掉轉槍頭加入敵營。
而to rat someone out,可以跟上面的意思一樣,但亦可以調轉頭,變成是好人面對壞人的說法。
• He is a snitch. We need to rat him out. 他是個二五仔。我們要把他揪出來。
說到底即將送舊迎新,鼠年將至,總要有點吉利的話吧?
有,靈巧如鼠:Agile as a mouse / rat。
要注意的是,英文的機靈敏捷巧功,agility,通常不用鼠,而是以猴、蛇(正如中文會說靈猴、靈蛇)以及黃鼠狼來做比喻:
• Agile as a monkey 敏捷如猴
• Agile as a snake 機敏像蛇
• Agile as a weasel 靈活似黃鼠狼
文︰毛孟靜//
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