Northwest's Salmon Population May Be Running Out of Time
A Washington state report put it bluntly ( ): Because of the devastating ( ) effects of climate change and deteriorating ( ) habitats ( ), several species of salmon in the Pacific Northwest are “on the brink of ( ) extinction ( ).”
Of the 14 species of salmon and steelhead trout in Washington state that have been deemed ( ) endangered ( ) and are protected under the Endangered Species Act, 10 are lagging ( ) recovery goals, and five are considered “in crisis,” according to the 2020 State of Salmon in Watersheds report.
“Time is running out,” said the report, which is produced every other year ( ) by the Washington state Recreation and Conservation Office. “The climate is changing, rivers are warming, habitat is diminishing ( ), and the natural systems that support salmon in the Pacific Northwest need help now more than ever.”
Researchers say recovery efforts — involving state and federal agencies, Native American tribes, local conservation groups and others — have helped slow the decline of some salmon populations. The report found that two species — the Hood Canal summer chum and Snake River fall chinook — were approaching ( ) their recovery goals. It also noted that no new salmon species had been added to the endangered list since 2007.
“We are at least treading water,” said Kaleen Cottingham, director of the Washington state Recreation and Conservation Office. “We have not, however, seen the kind of progress ( ) that we had hoped for.”
With the effects of climate change expected to accelerate ( ), researchers said that more must be done to prevent further population decline and the possible extinction of some species.
Salmon play a vital ( ) role in the environment, economy and culture of the Pacific Northwest. At least 138 species depend on salmon for their food in some way. Salmon support an estimated ( ) 16,000 jobs in the fishing industry, and they are a draw ( ) for tourists.
Before the 20th century, an estimated 10 million to 16 million adult salmon and steelhead trout returned annually to the Columbia River system. The current return of wild fish is 2% of that.
One of the largest factors inhibiting salmon recovery is habitat loss. A growing human population has led to development along the shoreline and the addition of bulkheads, or sea walls, that encroach ( ) on beaches where salmon generally find insects and other food. More pavement ( ) and hard surfaces have contributed to an increase in toxic stormwater runoff ( ) that pollutes Puget Sound.
美國西北部鮭魚 陷瀕臨絕種危機
華盛頓州一篇報告直截了當指出,由於氣候變遷跟棲地劣化的毀滅性影響, 美國西北部有數種鮭魚「瀕臨滅絕」。
根據《2020年水域內鮭魚狀況報告》,華盛頓州有14種鮭魚和虹鱒被認定為瀕危物種,並受到《瀕危物種法》保護,其中10種復育進度未能達標,有5種更被認定「處於危機之中」。
這份由華盛頓州休閒與保育辦公室兩年發表一次的報告說:「時間不多了。氣候正在改變,河流水溫正在升高,棲地正在減少,供養美國西北部鮭魚生存的自然系統,如今比以往任何時候都更需要幫助。」
研究人員說,由州與聯邦機構、美國原住民部落、地方保育組織和其他機構共同參與的復育行動,緩和了一些鮭魚數量的減少。報告中發現胡德運河夏天的鉤吻鮭與蛇河秋天的帝王鮭兩種鮭魚,復育正接近目標。報告還指出,自2007年以來沒有新的鮭魚種列入瀕危名單。
華盛頓州休閒與保育辦公室主任Kaleen Cottingham說:「我們至少勉強穩住了情況,但我們沒有看到我們所期望的進展。」
研究人員表示,氣候變遷的影響料將加速,必須更加努力以防止鮭魚數量進一步減少和一些魚種的滅絕。
鮭魚在美國西北部環境、經濟與文化中扮演至關重要角色。在某種程度上,至少有138個物種以鮭魚為食。鮭魚為漁業提供約1萬6千個工作,並吸引大量遊客。
20世紀以前,估計每年有1000萬到1600萬成年鮭魚和虹鱒回到哥倫比亞河水系。目前返回的野生鮭魚數量只有這個數字的2%。
阻礙鮭魚復育的最大原因之一為棲地喪失,不斷成長的人口導致海岸沿線的開發,加上隔板或海堤的增加,這些侵占了鮭魚平常尋找昆蟲及其他食物的海灘。更多的鋪裝路面和堅硬的地面導致有毒雨水流量的增加,進而汙染了普吉特海灣。
#高雄人 #學習英文 請找 #多益達人林立英文
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water runoff 在 Realtor Rose Facebook 的最讚貼文
📰 STORY TIME!
Just wanted to share some happy (but tumultuous) news with everyone as well as the new knowledge I've gained from a recent transaction I've been working on, and hopefully increase our awareness of all the things that could go wrong. Yay! I'll give you the bad news first, then the good news.
My client had went under contract after weeks of searching and when you are looking for a home here in Houston, one of the first questions is "Has this house ever flooded before?" which a lot of homes unfortunately have (we live in a swamp and our roads are basically floodways). So this home had some previous water penetration and on the Seller's Disclosure, it was written that it was due to "drainage back flow during new construction" and that there was "previous flooding due to a natural flood event." Doing my due diligence, after the showing I called the listing agent to ask for further explanation on the flooding history, to which they confirmed that it was due to the construction of a Dept. of Public Safety across the street behind the home, and that due to drainage issues during construction, there was some ordeal with the pipes and such which caused the back flow to flood the backyard. I even further asked them to clarify whether or not it had to do with any natural flood events, since it was checked on the disclosure, to which they responded "no, it had nothing to do with natural flooding, it was just the new construction." 🙄
Now with all things considered, we decided to go under contract with a cash offer, short option period, and closing in 14 days. With such a short time frame, we immediately scheduled an inspection and sent in the option and earnest money. At inspections, the seller's were present and were very kind, friendly, honest folks, and we got to chatting. They openly and eagerly disclosed that the house had flooded TWICE, during Harvey (2017) and Imelda (2019). It did have to do with the DPS because it had never flooded prior, must've been all the concrete had caused the houses next to it to get the water runoff whenever it rains, however this means the likelihood of it flooding again is significantly higher, and it occurred during two flood events! This drastically affects the value and condition of the property! 😱
I let my buyer know of this shocking information, and he decides he wants to terminate, and although sad that he had spent $200 on the option period, $375 for the general inspection, he had a very positive attitude and took it as a learning experience.
I felt very upset by the fact that we wouldn't have gone under contract in the first place, had we known of the full picture of the flooding history, and now my client is $575 down the drain. We wouldn't have even known of the two flooding had the sellers not been present at inspections, and thank goodness they were. I went back to my manager, told her of this issue, and she contacted the broker on the listing side and requested that we were refunded the option money, as well as the inspection fee. And guess what?? We managed to get our option money back, as well as reimbursed for the inspections!!! 🎉🎉🎉 Woo hoo! Bless my sweet manager and we will of course send over the inspection report to the sellers so that they can have that to help sell their home to their next potential buyer.
I am very happy to say that I was able to protect my client's best interests, and although the transaction fell through, it is the little wins that keep us going towards the mountain top. 🏔️
water runoff 在 Follow XiaoFei 跟著小飛玩 Facebook 的最佳解答
海洋是個廣闊無窮的美麗好地方,蘊涵著無數的驚奇,除了承載著海洋生態以外,陸地生態也與之息息相關。我們的海洋調節著氣候、氧氣、溫度。人類需要海洋才得以生存。
很不幸的,由於我們的疏失,海洋現在需要我們的幫助。氾濫的塑膠垃圾、海水溫度上升、過渡捕撈、海洋酸化、工業與農業用化學品排放海中等等。基本上,所有的海洋生物都的生存都受到了威脅。這不是杞人憂天,而是現在進行式的事實。
我學習PADI 潛水課程的原因,因為淺層海水生態系在滅絕。珊瑚白化,魚兒都被捕撈走了,表層海水了無生氣不像過去那般值得探索,想看看海中生態,需要進入更深的水中,這是全世界都面臨的問題,在台灣,同樣的危機也在發生。
時間尚未太晚,生命富有韌性。海洋尚存一線生機,但還能撐多久?我建議大家安排一趟旅程看看水下的世界,理由如下:
1)時間所剩無幾,海洋正在產生劇變,現在會是短期可預見的未來中,您有機會見到的最佳海洋樣貌。現在上路吧!當我們還看得到些什麼的時候。
2)看看海洋的真實樣貌,或許能改變您對消費以及丟棄產品的想法,或許能改變您對社會及經濟運作方式想法,我們該如何衡量價值?若每一位CEO以及政治人物都被要求潛入海中看看,或許這世界有機會變得不一樣!
我這次去了小琉球學水肺潛水。小琉球除了很簡單容易到之外,因地理位置關係,水溫及浪況整年都適合潛水。我的教練是NEMO,他很專業也很注重安全細節,而且中文、英文都沒問題。如果你有興趣想知道更多資訊或是安排來一趟體驗潛水,我非常建議與他聯絡,臉書連結在下面這邊:島氮潛水社 Playful Dive Club
💙🌊🐋
The oceans are a vast and amazing wonderland. They hold uncountable wonders and support not only marine life, but all all life on land as well. Our oceans regulate the weather, oxygen, temperature. We need our oceans to survive.
Unfortunately, due to our negligence, the oceans need us to survive now as well. They are under threat from plastic pollution, rising temperatures, over fishing, and acidification from atmospheric CO2 absorption, and chemical runoff from industry and agriculture. Almost all marine species are under threat. That's not an exaggeration. That is the reality.
I studied for my PADI SCUBA diving license because the ocean life on the surface is disappearing. The reefs are bleaching, the fish have all been fished, and there isn't as much to see as there used to be. To see healthy ocean life now, we need to go deeper. This is the case all over the world, but it's also the case here in Taiwan.
It's not too late. Life is tenacious. The ocean is hanging on. But for how much longer? I recommend that everyone takes a trip underwater now. For two important reasons.
1) Time is running out. The oceans are changing. This is the best it will it be in the near future. Go now while you still can.
2) To see the oceans how they really are. It may change your opinion about how we consume and dispose of products. It may change your opinion about how we run our society, and economy. What is it we really value? The world would be a very different place is every CEO and every politician was required to go SCUBA diving.
I studied on Xiaoliuqiu, which is a convenient place to SCUBA dive because the water temperature is good, and the island is protected from waves, so you can go diving all year round. My instructors name was Nemo, he's very safe and professional, and can teach in both English and Chinese. If you would like to know more, or go on a discovery dive, I highly recommend contacting him. You can find his FB above.: