”幫助2050年淨零排放達標 我們需要做足哪些準備?(05/26/2021 EIC環境資訊中心)
真正將淨零承諾寫入國內法的國家僅不到1/4,IEA上週便發布報告,帶大家透視達標路線和關鍵里程碑。
此外,要達到2050年淨零目標,乾淨能源技術在2030年能不能被大幅提升及採用會是成敗關鍵,這包含太陽能和風能的裝置容量要提升至現今的四倍,電動車銷售量須為現今的18倍,而且GDP能源強度每年要改善達4%!其中在電力部門去碳化中,若一切順利照劇本走,2050年幾乎90%的電力來自再生能源,而太陽能和風能就占了70%。“
文:詹詒絜(台達基金會低碳生活部落格寫手)
這兩年,國際掀起一陣「淨零」風潮,統計到今年4月,已有44個國家加上歐盟喊出淨零排放目標,加總涵蓋了全球70%的總碳排和GDP。
但目標喊歸喊,真正將淨零承諾寫入國內法的國家僅不到1/4,可能大家仍在觀望,或摸索該如何達成。國際能源總署(IEA)上週便發布「2050淨零:全球能源部門路徑圖」(Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector)報告,帶大家透視達標路線和關鍵里程碑。
走在2050路徑上 經濟會成長但碳排會下降
報告一翻開,最吸睛的預測莫過於這套路徑不僅能讓2030年的世界經濟規模比現在多40%,能源消耗也同步減少7%,經濟發展和能源消耗完美脫鉤!而且到2030年還可以創造1400萬個就業機會,發展更高效能的電器、燃料電池運具,以及建築節能改造上,更額外需要1600萬個工人。
不過報告也坦承,轉型中會有工作機會流失。2050年化石燃料在目前能源總供給量的占比中會從4/5下降到只剩1/5,隨著大規模的淘汰,估計會減少500萬個工作,此時正義轉型(just transition)就必須進場,輔助工人轉換職場。
此外,要達到2050年淨零目標,乾淨能源技術在2030年能不能被大幅提升及採用會是成敗關鍵,這包含太陽能和風能的裝置容量要提升至現今的四倍,電動車銷售量須為現今的18倍,而且GDP能源強度每年要改善達4%!其中在電力部門去碳化中,若一切順利照劇本走,2050年幾乎90%的電力來自再生能源,而太陽能和風能就占了70%。
三大部門減碳關鍵:氫能、電動化、零碳建築
接下來看能源終端用戶,2030年工業和交通部門碳排會各降20%,建築部門則會少40%;到2050年,三巨頭的減排幅度可以各自來到90%,完整脫碳。
但是要這麼巨幅削減碳排,工業部門得仰賴氫能和碳封存及捕捉技術。其中2050年氫能的量會是現今的6倍,一半會用於重工業(主要是鋼鐵和化學品生產)和交通上。
讀者可能會疑惑,氫能又分綠氫、灰氫、藍氫,如果都是用灰氫來生產,怎麼達到減碳效果?對此,報告裡特別強調2050年有2/3的氫能必須是低碳的,也就是用電解方式製造,而且成本會比現在少3倍,以利量產。
交通部門的去碳則要靠電力化,2030年的車輛銷售有60%會是電動車(2020年電動車銷售僅占5%),公共充電站也要到位,設置將多達4000萬支;其他像是航班數量要減少12%、20-50%的車旅(car trip)轉換成透過公共運輸、自行車進行,都是減碳助力。
必須要提的還有這次報告在建築部門裡提出一個新概念:準零碳建築(zero-carbon-ready building),也就是計算一棟建築碳排時,需涵蓋建物營運、搭建、和材料生產製造幾大階段;如此要低碳,建築就得具備良好的被動式設計、整合當地的再生能源、使用低碳建材、甚至可以成為分散式能源的一環,為韌性電網貢獻己力。
扣合著淨零目標,2030年全球應有20%的既有建築需要翻新,2050年超過85%的建築需遵守準零碳建築能源法規,住宅建物翻新速度每年要達到2.5%才行(目前比率小於1)。這樣即使未來全球樓地板面積會增加75%,排放量仍可被完美削減90%。
最後,就經濟工具來看,少不了用碳定價去刺激各部門的脫碳,不過平均碳價於2030年要達到130美元/噸、2050年250美元/噸,藥效才能發揮到最好。
完整內容請見:
https://e-info.org.tw/node/231269
IEA : Net Zero by 2050 - A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector
https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050
♡
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過10萬的網紅hketvideo,也在其Youtube影片中提到,由建造業議會及香港政府合作興建的零碳天地(Zero Carbon Building,簡稱ZCB),主席余惠偉表示,零碳天地比世界各地的低碳館更全面,館內的「三聯供系統」更是香港人的驕傲。 http://ps.hket.com/content/230513...
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We're proud to announce that we will achieve net-zero climate impact as a firm by 2030 and that we have joined the Business Ambition for 1.5°C campaign, a coalition of corporate leaders taking ambitious climate action. http://mck.co/netzero #EarthDay
zero carbon building 在 氣象達人彭啟明 Facebook 的精選貼文
Climate Change Emergency
每年我參加氣候會議時,只要時間可以,都會參加一場由各個宗教團體在氣候會議會場聯合在一起的祈福許願或遊行活動,不同宗教會用不同方式來祈禱,希望能影響更多人,雖然我不是天主教徒或是基督徒,但幾次的活動中,可以感受到不同宗教界的平和與憂心,都會透過各種方法來提醒世人。
一早收到世界基督教協會,看到這個 Climate Change Emergency 氣候變遷緊急的宣言,Emergency 在我們風險管理中很重要,也有應急管理 Emergency Management ,不只是救護車上的 Emergency 而已,我們真的要非常體認重視這問題了。
幾年前我曾訪問過吳偉立神父,大家可以從 Podcast 聽這段聲音
https://open.spotify.com/show/1ryyVpjRt6faqRT1YfsWif…
彭啟明
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Statement on the Climate Change Emergency
25 November 2019
World Council of Churches
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Bossey, Switzerland
20-26 November 2019
Doc. No. 04.3 rev
Statement on the Climate Change Emergency
But the earth will be desolate because of its inhabitants, for the fruit of their doings.
Micah 7:13
Recent extreme weather events of increasing strength and frequency around the world together with further studies conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have jolted many into belated recognition that the climate crisis is not a distant prospect, but is upon us today.
From Hurricane Maria, Tropical Cyclone Idai, Hurricane Dorian and Typhoon Hagibis which caused loss of lives and left widespread devastation in Puerto Rico, in Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi, in the Bahamas and in Japan respectively, to ongoing bushfires in Australia and California, to unprecedented flooding in Bangladesh and in Venice, and to the very recent landslide following exceptionally heavy rains in Kenya, the impacts on our communities - especially the poorest and most vulnerable among us – and on the bountiful Creation that God has entrusted to human beings as stewards – are now all too tragically real.
The latest IPCC special reports on climate change, land, oceans and cryosphere confirm that climate change has become a top driver of hunger all over the world, and project rising sea levels of up to 1 metre by 2100 due to melting glaciers, water scarcity affecting nearly 2 billion people and more intense sea-level events such as storms and flooding, if warming is not kept at the safer limit of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
Moreover, exceptionally destructive fires and the encroachment of industrial agriculture and mining, have greatly increased concern about runaway deforestation in the largest remaining rainforest ecosystems – the earth’s lungs, the home and heritage of many Indigenous Peoples, and a critical resource in confronting the threat of climate change. Especially in the Amazon, in the Congo Basin, and in West Papua and elsewhere in Indonesia, this resource is, often deliberately, being squandered at a perilous rate.
Children, young people and ordinary citizens have made public demonstration of their outrage at the lack of any adequate response by governments to the gravity of this global crisis, and against the backsliding by some governments. Children have been obliged to mobilize and to raise their voices to demand what adults have failed or refused to deliver – fundamental changes to our economic and social systems in order to preserve God’s Creation and their future.
Indeed, a recent research report shows that governments are currently projected to produce 120% more fossil fuels by 2030 than can be burned if the world is to limit warming to an increase of 1.5°C
In particular, the United States’ formal notification of its intention to withdraw from the Paris Agreement – despite the increasingly disastrous impact of extreme weather events in the US itself – seriously undermines the best hope the international community had secured for a multilateral global response to the climate crisis. This is an abject failure and abdication of global leadership, at precisely the historical moment when such leadership is most needed. It will embolden other backsliding states. It impoverishes and imperils all of us.
The protests against widening inequality in Chile, triggering the move of the 25th Conference of Parties (COP 25) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) from Santiago to Madrid, underscore the importance of holding together the goals of sustainability and equity, and ensuring that the costs of transitioning to a carbon neutral economy are not borne by those who already have few resources. In other words, there can be no real transition without socio-economic justice.
The time for debate and disputation of established scientific facts is long over. The time for action is swiftly passing. We will all be held to account for our inaction and our disastrous stewardship of this precious and unique planet. The climate emergency is the result of our ecological sins. It is time for metanoia for all. We must now search our hearts and our most fundamental faith principles for a new ecological transformation, and for divine guidance for our next steps to build resilience in the face of this unprecedented millennial challenge.
The executive committee of the World Council of Churches, meeting in Bossey, Switzerland, on 20-26 November 2019, therefore:
Joins other faith leaders, communities and civil society organizations in declaring a climate emergency, which demands an urgent and unprecedented response by everyone everywhere – locally, nationally and internationally.
Expresses its bitter disappointment at the inadequate and even regressive actions by governments that should be leaders in the response to this emergency, especially inaction to stop fires and deforestation, the destruction of Indigenous Peoples’ ancestral lands and livelihoods, and attacks on ecological defenders; the weak commitments made under the Paris Agreement; and measures that place additional financial burdens on poor communities.
Calls on COP 25, taking place in Madrid on 2 to 13 December 2019, to:
- set the groundwork for committing to more ambitious cuts in greenhouse gas emissions as part of Nationally Determined Contributions with a view to attaining carbon neutrality by 2050 and limiting warming to not more than 1.5°C;
- ramp up commitments by wealthy nations to provide sufficient, predictable and transparent climate finance to low-income nations for adaptation and resilience-building;
- strengthen the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage to include finance to support people and communities affected by the impacts of the climate emergency; and
- promote actions to engage and learn from Indigenous Peoples in and beyond the UNFCCC process, protect biodiversity, combat deforestation, encourage agro-ecology and construct circular and redistributive economies.
Invites UN system partners, consistent with the critical research and policy advice emanating from UN sources, to examine and divest from fossil fuel investments in their own banking systems and pension funds.
Calls on member churches, ecumenical partners, other faith communities and all people of good will and moral conscience to find the means whereby we can make a meaningful contribution in our own contexts to averting the most catastrophic consequences of further inaction and negative actions by governments – and may join in confronting this global crisis through concerted advocacy for climate change mitigation and adaptation, zero fossil fuel use and a “just transition”, as well as through local action, everywhere – in our fellowship, our churches, our communities, our families, and as individuals.
zero carbon building 在 hketvideo Youtube 的精選貼文
由建造業議會及香港政府合作興建的零碳天地(Zero Carbon Building,簡稱ZCB),主席余惠偉表示,零碳天地比世界各地的低碳館更全面,館內的「三聯供系統」更是香港人的驕傲。
http://ps.hket.com/content/230513

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