關於 estonia voting rights ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

#11. Internet Voting in Estonia | National Democratic Institute

Estonia has implemented Internet voting in national elections since 2005 and the percentage of voters voting via Internet has trended up in each successive ...

#12. Estonia: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report

In March, five parties gained seats in the parliamentary elections, with the Reform Party gaining a plurality. However, failed efforts to form a government by ...

#13. Estonia's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2015

Only published laws have obligatory force. Article 4. The activities of the Riigikogu (Parliament of Estonia), the President of the Republic, the ...

#14. Estonia proves trust is at the heart of online voting - Marketplace

And, for the country's citizens, 99% of public services happen online. Voting was added to that list in 2005.

#15. WOMEN'S VOTE IN ESTONIA Helen Biin and Anneli Albi* The ...

1 As will be seen in greater detail below, Estonia gained independence in 1918, and women were allowed to vote and stand in elections in 1919; the voting rights ...

#16. ESTONIA - OSCE

Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. ESTONIA. PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS. 3 March 2019. ODIHR Election Expert Team Final Report.

#17. Electronic Voting in Estonia - ResearchGate

Download Citation | Electronic Voting in Estonia | The Republic of Estonia has been, and is being, widely credited to be a pioneer in e-governance and ...

#18. access to electoral rights estonia - CADMUS, EUI Research ...

Estonian Parliament – Riigikogu – in 1996 included a provision providing the right to vote in local government council elections to all permanent residents ...

#19. What Estonia could teach us about internet voting in a post ...

Estonia's internet voting system could offer a solution for elections in a post-pandemic world. But first, citizens would have to trust ...

#20. Women's Day Estonia April 12 - Red Yellow Blue (RYB)

In Estonia, women's path to voting rights was marked by the absence of a distinct female suffrage movement; both women and men gained the right to vote and ...

#21. Independent Report on E-voting in Estonia | A security ...

Estonia is the only country in the world that relies on Internet voting in a significant way for legally-binding national elections — up to 25% of voters ...

#22. Internet Voting in Comparative Perspective: The Case of Estonia

on elections and democracy and has led several research projects studying Internet vot- ing in Estonia for the Council of Europe. technology- in any electoral ...

#23. ELECTORAL SYSTEMS CHANGE IN ESTONIA, 1989-1993 ...

Between 1988 and the Estonian declaration of independence in. 1991, four parliamentary or quasi-parliamentary elections took place. The March 1989 elections ...

#24. Estonia - ENNHRI

International accreditation status and changes in the national regulatory framework. The Chancellor for Justice of Estonia is a non-accredited ...

#25. Online Voting Isn't as Flawed as You Think—Just Ask Estonia

Virtual Polling Place: Estonia has allowed citizens to vote online through their smartphones or laptops in eight nationwide elections since 2005. · U.S. voter ...

#26. Granting Local Voting Rights to Non-Citizens in Estonia and ...

This paper analyzes the Estonian and Latvian policy-making process with regard to non-citizens' right to vote in local elections. While in Estonia the right ...

#27. Nations in Transit - Estonia (2005) - Refworld

Estonia is a functioning democracy that has reached the stage of democratic consolidation. The country has successfully held elections deemed to ...

#28. Estonia - Article 29 | European Blind Union

Do visually impaired (hereafter VI) people suffer any restrictions to their rights to vote and/or to be elected? If yes, give details. No; During election ...

#29. Underlying principles of the i-voting system in Estonia

Voters can also cast their ballots by post prior to election day and also at designated polling stations. However, the fact that 33% of electors opted to cast ...

#30. Eligibility to vote > Elections > Tallinn

In the Tallinn City Council elections, the eligibility to vote is granted to a person who is at least 16 years of age on the day of election ...

#31. Estonia leads world in making digital voting a reality

Baltic nation has expanded its digital revolution to include free, fair and secure online ballots.

#32. ELECTIONS IN ESTONIA - Riigikogu

rial committees, and defined who had the right to vote in the referendum. The Resolution provided that the Republic of Estonia Riigikogu Election Act,.

#33. Security Analysis of the Estonian Internet Voting System

Estonia was the first country in the world to use Internet voting nationally, and today more than 30% of its ballots are cast online.

#34. IPU PARLINE database: ESTONIA (Riigikogu), Presidency

Parliament name (generic / translated), Riigikogu / The Estonian Parliament. Structure of parliament, Unicameral. APPOINTMENT AND TERM OF OFFICE.

#35. Estonia Election: What US Can Learn From Electronic Voting

Left: A woman sits in front of a computer to vote in the Estonian general election in Tallinn on Feb 28, 2011; Right: Voters cast their ...

#36. Estonia - Constitution

(2) The rights, liberties, and duties listed in the Constitution shall be extended ... (1) The right to vote shall belong to every Estonian citizen who has ...

#37. Estonia - COST Action

COST is an intergovernmental framework consisting of 38 Members, 1 Cooperating Member and 1 Partner Member. The 38 COST Member countries govern COST via ...

#38. Estonia - BTI Transformation Index

System of Government. Parliamentary. Population. 1.36 Mio. Democracy. GDP p. c. ($, PPP). 10,940. Voter turnout. 58 % (2003). Unemployment rate.

#39. The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia - WIPO

In terms of the organisation of its government, Estonia is a unitary state whose administrative division is provided by law. § 3. Governmental authority is ...

#40. Could Estonia Be the Model for Secure Online Voting?

As we head into October 2020, everyone is talking about election security from various perspectives. Back in June, this blog explained how ...

#41. Estonia | IFES - The International Foundation for Electoral ...

Since 1987, the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) has worked in over 145 countries to advance good governance and democratic rights.

#42. 30 years after Soviet rule ended, Estonia faces an election ...

Estonia is gearing up for an unusual presidential election in parliament. So far, there is only one candidate in Monday's vote, a situation ...

#43. Estonia: The short road to e-government and e-democracy

But it was not just the EU membership that expanded the use of Information and. Communication Technologies (ICT) in Estonian society; it was mainly the stra-.

#44. Estonia, Austria: Vote@16 | European Youth Forum

Last week, as Austria was celebrating 10 years of vote@16, 16 and 17-year-olds in Estonia had a chance to cast a ballot for the first time in a local ...

#45. A Comparative Assessment of Electronic Voting

The Estonian Parliament also felt remote Internet voting allowed for more efficient use of existing technical infrastructure, and that voting on ...

#46. Estonian PACE representatives vote against restoring Russia ...

The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) voted early on Tuesday to restore Russia's voting rights, five years after ...

#47. Constitution of the Republic of Estonia - president.ee

Only The Estonian language text has the force of law. Passed 28.06.1992. RT 1992, 26, 349. Entry into force 03.07.1992. Amended by the following Acts: 06.05 ...

#48. The diffusion of internet voting. Usage patterns of internet ...

Data from eight e-enabled elections between 2005 and 2015 in Estonia, were used to investigate changes to the profile of e-voters and contrast them to those ...

#49. When Personal Computers are Transformed into Ballot Boxes

Ballot Boxes: How Internet Elections in Estonia. Comply with the United Nations International. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Sutton Meagher.

#50. Electronic voting: What Europe can learn from Estonia - The ...

The May 23-26 European Parliament elections are fast approaching, and in the run up to these critical elections, many questions have been ...

#51. 2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Estonia

Authorities generally respected these rights and extended them to all residents regardless of citizenship. POLITICAL PRISONERS AND DETAINEES.

#52. Estonia and I-Voting - ElectionBuddy

Estonia is the first country to allow for electronic voting (or i-voting) in conjunction with paper ballots for a nation-wide election.

#53. New Report: Human Rights Situation in Estonia Has ...

The Estonian Human Rights Centre has published their 10th report on the current status of human rights in Estonia. The wide-reaching report ...

#54. Electoral assistance newsroom - Council of Europe

Representatives of Moldovan Central Election Commission went to Estonia for a study visit on internet voting. The Council of Europe provided ...

#55. Lowering the voting age in Estonia - YEU International

The Estonian population is ageing year by year. More people are getting older, less babies are born. In order to keep the balance in the democratic ...

#56. Estonia's Parliament fails to elect president in first round

TALLINN, Estonia (AP) — Estonia's Parliament on Monday failed to elect a new president to the Baltic country after lawmakers rejected the ...

#57. Direct Democracy: country-report on Estonia

The referendum can be desribed as the most important instrument for direct democracy since the democratic sovreign is able to decide on a substantive ...

#58. Estonia's pro-Nato government claims election win - The ...

Centre-right Reform party claims victory after campaign dominated by fears of interference by neighbouring Russia.

#59. Living in Estonia - GOV.UK

Information for British citizens moving to or living in Estonia, including guidance on residency, healthcare, and passports.

#60. Granting Local Voting Rights to Non-Citizens in Estonia and Latvia ...

Cianetti, L. (2014). Granting Local Voting Rights to Non-Citizens in Estonia and Latvia: The Conundrum of Minority Representation in Two Divided Democracies ...

#61. Estonia's Parliament Fails to Elect President in First Round

TALLINN, Estonia (AP) — Estonia's Parliament on Monday failed to elect a new president to the Baltic country after lawmakers rejected the ...

#62. Estonia: the liberal Reform Party returns to power - Ośrodek ...

All indications are that the leader of this party, Kaja Kallas (the daughter of the party's founder, the former Prime Minister Siim Kallas), ...

#63. Freedom in th World Report 2020 - Estonia

Democratic institutions are strong, and political and civil rights are widely respected in Estonia. However, about 6 percent of the ...

#64. Extending Voting Rights to Foreigners: Reinforcing Equality or ...

The question of granting the right to vote to individuals that reside in a given country without citizenship, i.e. foreigners, or more specifically ...

#65. Estonia is a 'digital republic' – what that means and why it may ...

Citizens of Estonia, a small nation in Baltic region, will perhaps be particularly perplexed: since 2005, Estonians have been able vote online, ...

#66. Supreme Soviet Elections in Estonia - Helsinki Commission

C. Other Pro-Independence Parties and Movements. D. Committee for the Defense of Soviet Power and. Civil Rights. • The Congress of Estonia.

#67. Vote@16 | EESTI NOORTEÜHENDUSTE LIIT

Vote @16 seminar In May 2018 Estonian National Youth Council in cooperation with Children's Voice Association from Finland organized a thematic seminar in ...

#68. High-tech Estonia votes online for European Parliament - ABC ...

Internet voting — or i-voting —has been available since 2005 in the nation that gave the world Skype, and the percentage of voters using the ...

#69. Estonia's Parliament fails to elect president in first round - The ...

Estonia's Parliament on Monday failed to elect a new president to the Baltic country after lawmakers rejected the only candidate in the ...

#70. Far-right poised for gains in Estonia vote - Yahoo News

Estonia's centre-left coalition is fighting for survival in a general election Sunday, challenged by its traditional liberal rival but also ...

#71. Local governments in Estonia - Rahandusministeerium

The first free local government council elections were held in autumn. 1989. Table. Estonian local governments before and after administrative reform of 2017 ( ...

#72. Constitutional judgment 3-4-1-6-12 - Riigikohus

§ 6(1)4) of the CRCPA grants the Chancellor of Justice the right to file with the Supreme Court a request to declare a signed international agreement or a ...

#73. Estonia's online voting system could easily be rigged by hackers

And Estonia is a good example of why they're reluctant to make the jump. After putting together a replica of the Estonian voting setup, a ...

#74. Full article: The forgotten election administrator of internet voting

The introduction of new voting channels, voting technologies and other voting innovations are often thought to improve voter participation in elections and ...

#75. Center-right party tops Estonia vote, but populists win, too

PM Juri Ratas' Center Party garnered 23.1% of the vote; the anti-immigration Estonian Conservative People's Party came in third with 17.8%.

#76. ICL > Estonia > Constitution

Chapter II Fundamental Rights, Liberties, and Duties. Article 8 [Citizenship] (1) Every child with one parent who is an Estonian citizen ...

#77. General elections in Estonia, 4th march 2007 - La Fondation ...

On 30th November 2006 and in line with the Constitution, the President of the Republic, Toomas Hendrik Ilves, declared that the elections for ...

#78. E-Vote-ID – The International Conference for Electronic Voting

Seventh International Joint Conference on Electronic Voting 4 – 7 October 2022 · Bregenz, Austria (hybrid format). This is the seventh edition of one of the ...

#79. Has the time now come for internet voting? - BBC News

More countries are using internet voting for elections. But does it encourage more people to vote - and is it safe?

#80. Three Estonian parties, including far-right EKRE, agree on ...

Estonian Prime Minister Juri Ratas unveiled a three-way coalition agreement with the conservative Fatherland party and the far-right EKRE ...

#81. Estonia (09/97) - 2009—2017 State.gov

After the withdrawal of German troops in November 1918, fighting broke out between Bolshevik and Estonian troops. On February 2, 1920 the Treaty of Tartu-the ...

#82. OSCE findings on Estonian e-voting - European Digital Rights ...

(OSCE) found Estonia's March 6 parliamentary elections, including the. Internet voting, as trustworthy, although several elections monitors ...

#83. Voter Turnout Database | International IDEA

Always growing, the database also includes European Parliament elections, as presented by country using both the number of registered voters and voting age ...

#84. Baltic Security: An Inward Look at Ethnic Tension in Estonia ...

Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Estonia has been recognised as a leader of the Baltic states in their transition to becoming democratic ...

#85. Women's right to vote in Europe - Österreichische ...

Achieving the women's suffrage was a process that varied in length in different countries. The first voices in Europe to demand political participation for ...

#86. Violence against Women in Estonia

On 14 December 2001 the Estonian Government initiated the Draft Law on Gender Equality (Draft # 927 SE). Another relevant act, the Draft Law on Equality and ...

#87. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN ESTONIA - OECD

The shares have been registered electronically; this is the sphere of the Estonian Central Depository for Securities. • The Estonian economic space and market ...

#88. Estonia Citizens' Assembly, Restoring Political Legitimacy

Following political scandals concerning party funding in Estonia in 2012, President Toomas Hendrik Ilves invited grassroots organisations to ...

#89. The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia

48. Everyone has the right to form non-profit associations and federations. Only citizens of. Estonia may belong to political parties.

#90. Setting up digital signature voting (Estonia only) - Citizen OS

In Estonia, it is possible for participants to add a digital signature to their votes. Screenshot of the platform. Here's how: First, set up a vote by clicking ...

#91. Estonian electronic voting system vulnerable to attacks ...

The electronic voting system that has been used in Estonia since 2005 cannot guarantee fair elections because of fundamental security ...

#92. e-Estonia: the ultimate digital democracy? | by Geoffroy Berson

Personal thoughts on the Estonian model of a fully digital state, after 2 years in Tallinn.

#93. As Russian voting moves online, Putin's foes say another path ...

MOSCOW — Critics call Russia's online voting system a "black box" and an "absolute evil." President Vladimir Putin says it's the way of the ...

#94. Estonia to hold first national Internet election - CNET

A sign of its strong technology embrace, Estonia on March 4 will allow e-voting in its national parliamentary election.

#95. Corporate Governance in Transition Economies Estonia ...

The law requires companies to prepare and disclose their annual reports, which should include both financial and non-financial information. All ten largest ...

#96. I-voting: What can the US learn from Estonia's online elections?

As the world watches the lengthy culmination of a U.S. presidential election plagued by accusations of cheating, voter suppression and ballot ...

#97. Electronic voting – challenges and opportunities

exercise of a voter's democratic rights and reduce the costs related to this exercise. To reach this objective, one strategy is to allow e-voting in ...