Question 1

宋明宗確診以身嗜法。法國迷航的瞬間 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

『法國人眼中的媽祖』讀資料時發現這位在台灣的法國記者ALICE HÉRAIT 文章挺不錯的。有興趣可以找來讀 。而且她也在法國獨立媒體Mediapart寫文...同道中人 :D以下是她寫的有關媽祖進香，很適合介紹給家裡的法國人， 以後帶去媽祖廟安太歲就不用多解釋了🤭----隨手翻譯如下---Le festival de Mazu à Taïwan : un culte populaire au cœur de la vie politique臺灣的媽祖慶典：政治生活核心的民俗信仰大甲媽祖進香是臺灣最古老和最大型的宗教遊行活動。每年農曆三月，航海人的女神媽祖都會離開位於台中鎮瀾宮的家，前往嘉義的奉天宮。海神信仰帶來了節日氣氛，也帶來了政治爭議。在此回顧一下臺灣最受歡迎的慶典歷史。4月9日晚，臺灣台中市郊區大甲的鞭炮聲響起，天空中彌漫著煙霧。晚上11點05分，鑼鼓和煙火響徹雲霄，朝拜媽祖雕像的儀式正式開始。人群漸漸圍攏，越來越緊密。時間越接近，越難以靠近鎮瀾宮周邊，這個著名旅程的起點。媽祖就像我們的母親，她的精神是純粹的慈悲，她是我們的信仰。50多歲的邱俊宏，一位志願者說：「當我們面臨困難時，我們向媽祖祈求，她會保佑我們，保護我們。」他和他的團隊每年一起來到這裡，為媽祖的朝聖活動維持安全。根據主事機關的說法，今年有30萬人參加了慶典活動，比往常多了三倍。在寺廟前，不同的陣頭接踵而至，舞獅、舞龍、著戲服的女子表演......都是來向聖潔的女神致敬的。巨大的人偶代表著道教和佛教的神靈，由不同的劇團操作。晚上，蔡英文總統和各方政治人物也在媽祖聖像離開前趕來參拜。前國家元首馬英九--一個因與中國簽署自由貿易協定而讓人又愛又恨的人物--出現時，仍然令人驚訝。現在是晚上11點05分，關鍵時刻，眼前這一幕極為虛幻：前總統被人群粗暴地推搡著，假裝抬著剛走出鎮瀾宮的媽祖神轎。「媽祖是我們所有人的母親，她保護著臺灣」，一位女信徒在媽祖離開鎮瀾宮幾分鐘後感歎道。這位50多歲的女士慷慨地將印有神像的小禮物分發給想要的人。「我的生意很好，這要歸功於媽祖的保佑」，在人群散去後，另一位在寺廟前集合的朝聖者坦言。「今年有很多朝聖者，很多年輕人加入了慶典活動，他們往往很有創意」，邱俊宏說。這位保安也是一位忠實的信徒，他對這個慶典的歷史充滿熱情，對於與一位外國記者分享他的回憶和照片感到興奮。2021年對大甲媽祖慶典來說是很特別的一年。由於Covid-19疫情在5月前出乎意料地控制良好，當時無法出國旅遊的臺灣人轉而進行在地旅遊。雖然沒有來自國外的朝聖者，但據說參加人數翻了三倍。數位外交協會的成員說：「這個節日是為全世界人民的健康和福祉祈禱的機會」，這個非政府組織在媽祖進香的第一天組織了一次國際巡遊。不過命運的諷刺來到，臺灣本身將經歷一波確診疫情。即使就目前而言，狀況是有限的。在臺灣流行的宗教中，媽祖信仰是迄今為止最重要的。據說此信仰在10世紀左右起源於福建省的一個島嶼--湄洲，一開始只是一種地方性的信仰，並在宋朝時得到正式許可。許多故事都圍繞著媽祖的身影展開，不過大家都同意媽祖在世時姓林，是一個年輕通靈者(chamane)，能幫助窮困者預測天氣。漁民在上船之前，媽祖會告知天氣是否惡劣。在焦慮的時候，她會出現並拯救漁民。根據一些故事，她救了溺水的父親和兄弟，或者沒能拯救其中一個。還有人說她為了救他們而淹死了自己。「很多故事參雜在一起」，INALCO(法國國立東方語言文化學院)的中國文學教授Vincent Durand-Dastès 戴文琛說。「該宗教的傳播速度相當快，沿著中國海岸線傳開，然後傳到臺灣，並傳至所有海外華人。[…]正如宗教在中國傳播時經常發生的那樣，在不清楚原因的情況下，受到地方和國家當局許可。」在蒙古時代，忽必烈授予媽祖《天妃》(la concubine céleste)的稱號。 清朝康熙皇帝將她提升為《天后》(la concubine impériale céleste)的稱號。戴文琛說：「這是一個常見的現象，一旦一個宗教被註冊並開始發展時，一個神靈就會得到晉升」。戴文琛教授提到了官方寺廟的設置，如建於1732年雍正皇帝治下的鎮瀾宮，以及臺灣的非官方寺廟：「有官方的信仰，也有自發性的崇拜。[......]當清國到達臺灣時，他們來到了仍然有很多原住民的宜蘭，並在那裏建立了關帝廟和媽祖廟。同時也有許多來自福建沿海想避開國家控制的移民，帶著他們的媽祖前來。」與歐洲人的想法相反，經濟發展和思想自由化並沒有讓臺灣人離開他們的宗教。相反地，在1970與1980年代國家經濟繁榮時期，以及隨後的民主化進程中，宗教慶典的重要性開始上升。臺北中央研究院現代史研究所的研究員康豹（Paul Katz）說：「大型朝聖活動在1980年代初才開始。它們的發展有多種原因：臺灣的經濟增長使人們，特別是婦女，有更多的休閒時間」。研究員康豹繼續說：「為了獲得選票，一個政治人物必須對他的選民表明同理心。在農村地區，去寺廟是一種方法」。1987年戒嚴令解除，臺灣的宗教民俗學開始進入一個新時代。1970年代末期開始的地方選舉和隨後的全國選舉，讓政治人物受邀參與寺廟活動。寺廟成為政治集會和爭論的場所。女神挑戰兩岸現狀1987年也是臺灣海峽兩岸恢復朝聖活動的一年。鎮瀾宮趁機確立其成為第一座供奉媽祖寺廟的合法性，表明恢復湄州和臺灣之間的宗教交流。進香路線經過香港，因為當時還不允許兩岸直航。2000年陳水扁當選後，媽祖成為政治爭端的核心。來自民進黨的第一任總統以支持獨立的立場而聞名，他被泛藍聯盟和其他幾個贊成與中國統一的政黨推動，組織了一次從臺灣到湄州的直航進香之旅。福建的中國官員加入這場論戰，並取得金門和澎湖小島同行的支持，他們意識到從臺灣直接前往中國的進香者可以為臺灣的政治格局帶來象徵性的意義。民進黨的知名人士，如當時的副總統呂秀蓮，抨擊鎮瀾宮委員會的成員利用宗教達到政治目的。而陳水扁總統則認為直航進香團會對中國的宣傳有利。然後，政治爭論出現了意想不到的轉折。在進香的前幾天，媽祖出現在國會議員曾蔡美佐的夢裡，她也是臺灣一個重要寺廟的董事長。據她說，媽祖建議採用間接進香路線以打破鎮瀾宮與政府之間的對立情勢。寺廟委員會成員隨後決定以平常方式進行進香活動。（圖片是網路上找的，原文連結裡的圖片比較有趣）https://asialyst.com/fr/2021/06/02/festival-mazu-taiwan-culte-populaire-coeur-vie-politique/

Question 2

宋明宗確診涂醒哲 Dr.Twu 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

【✍️涂醫師觀點：國民黨的疫苗政經秀，麥擱騙！】國民黨炒作疫苗，利用疫情謀求政治經濟利益，一黨之私，不可原諒。我在6月19日寫了〈郭台銘的疫苗政經秀〉，一開始就寫到「非常感謝郭台銘捐贈500萬劑COVID-19疫苗」。然後提出八點分析，建議郭台銘先生不要堅持向上海復星購買BNT疫苗，最好捐錢做善事就好，買哪一種疫苗由政府去處理。現在BNT疫苗買到了,郭台銘還畫蛇添足地感謝中國共產黨沒有干預。買救命的疫苗還預期會被中共干擾，台灣真是可憐，不過我還是要説「謝謝郭台銘及台積電」！但之前有些地方政府及最近國民黨主席再提出聯合自購疫苗，我不但不表示感謝，還要予以譴責。國民黨此舉當然是為了賺取政治或經濟上的利益，但此行為太低劣，用「炒作疫苗恐慌」來賺國難財，不惜妨害台灣疫情控制，我分析如下：1️⃣ #國民黨把疫情恐慌炒作成疫苗恐慌COVID-19疫情席捲全球，2020年以來原本各國稱羡的台灣，防疫出現破口，2021年5月起，本土社區感染的人數激增，在5月17日達到毎日新增500人以上的大流行。台灣民眾大為驚恐，政府在5月19日宣布全國三級防疫警戒後，幾乎足不出戶、草木皆兵。所有的人都在焦慮：我會不會受到感染？這波疫情何時才能控制？正常生活何時才能再來？在大家似乎束手無策的焦慮下，隨著每天感染人數增加，恐慌日漸加劇。國民黨見獵心喜、集中火力，一方面不斷攻擊中央流行疫情指揮中心防疫差勁，甚至説出應該槍斃陳時中十次的狠話。一方面順勢把疫情恐慌轉成疫苗恐慌，攻擊台灣疫苗進來太少、施打太少。好像沒有疫苗，這波疫情就不可收拾，警戒降級只能靠疫苗接種。國民黨炒作疫苗，圖的當然是政治紅利。因為想靠疫苗來減少這波流行，其實緩不濟急，因個人剛打疫苗，至少要二周後才能出現抗體，二個月後施打第二劑，才有80%的人有足夠保護力的抗體。而且以人口中不到20%的接種率，也不足以產生有效的「群體免疫」。因此想靠疫苗施打來控制這波疫情，這是不可能的！國民黨炒作疫苗恐慌的目的，無非是在指責民進黨的疫苗採購無能；破壞國民對指揮中心的信任；同時替台北市及新北市轉移地方防疫不力的焦點。台灣國民在指揮中心一年多來的透明衞教下，可以說是全世界最了解武漢肺炎病毒，也是最主動配合防疫政策的一流世界公民。雖然對於這波疫情爆發，不少人多有不滿，少數人也會配合國民黨上街頭，敲擊碗盆抗議或舉牌「只要疫苗其餘免談」，多數人民都知道疫苗重要，但解決這次疫情最有效的方法，還是要勤洗手、戴上口罩，配合指揮中心的防疫三級警戒，自律禁足。部分地方政府想要和中央別苗頭，出怪招，只會引來反效果。因為防疫是科學行政，只打口水戰是沒有用的，數據資料很快就會出現，勝負立判。最近疫情趨緩，可以説是靠全民動員配合三級警戒所致，和疫苗注射幾乎沒有關係。證明疫苗不足的恐慌是假議題，國民黨顯然是利用國家有難，賺取政治紅利。2️⃣ #國民黨再把疫苗恐慌炒作成疫苗購買不力國民黨成功把疫情恐慌炒作成疫苗恐慌後，帶著全民焦慮的情緒及全民要求施打疫苗的呼聲，進一步指責中央流行疫情指揮中心不認真購買疫苗。指揮官有口難言，被罵也不敢還口，深怕太早宣布會遭到中共的阻撓，一定要等疫苗已經上了飛機或到了台灣才能宣布。指揮中心本來已經購買500萬劑BNT疫苗，為了新聞稿中出現「我國」二字，就受到中共的政治阻礙而破局，讓本來三月就要進來的BNT疫苗胎死腹中。沒想到五月爆發疫情，如果要靠疫苗來解決疫情（上面已提到是假議題），一下子顯得疫苗急缺。加上世界疫苗生產流程有延宕，各國爭搶，雖然台灣已經有下訂單，但送貨延遲，台灣疫苗施打的比率因此偏低，被在野黨強烈攻擊。國民黨完全忘了之前如何抹黑AZ疫苗，造成施打人數太低，逼得指揮中心需要放寬施打疫苗的優先順序，甚至開放自費接種。國民黨真是有疫苗時罵疫苗，沒疫苗時罵政府。坦白說，台灣採購疫苗不是購買不力，是購買「有阻力」。也不是因為行政無能才拿不到疫苗，是全球缺貨。但疫苗遲遲不到，的確讓國人非常不滿，對民進黨的民調支持度當然有傷害，不過國民黨亂罵一通，用詞太過偏頗，也沒有增加其民調支持率。尢其是原本大罵AZ疫苗的國民黨高層人士，在五月疫情爆發後，一個個去搶打AZ疫苗，從連戰、丁守中、賴士葆、張榮味、張顯耀等族繁不及細載，不但笑掉國人大牙，自己反而成為AZ疫苗最佳代言者。在野黨批評執政黨行政缺失，天經地義，但行政院有那麼多部會，各種政策及政務五花八門，國民黨如果更用心，可以批評、建議的內政很多。在台灣防疫指揮中心替台灣守住500多天，指揮官每天開記者會讓你問到飽，防疫成果遠超過其他國家。現在疫情吃緊，正是需要全民和指揮中心站在一起，共同防疫之際，國民黨卻一再挑戰指揮中心。如果心存防疫，能提出有科學證據的見解或有益國人的作為，或許國人還會感動。但是所提不是假新聞就是無的放矢，所為不是低俗就是政治，當然得不到國人的認同；當然會被國人認為是為反對而反對；甚至認為是中共的傳聲筒。防疫政策及防疫行政是否無能？購買疫苗是否不力？這些都是可以探討的。不過國民黨應多找一些有名望的醫界及公衞專家，提出具有科學性的不同意見，而不要放任政客大放厥詞、胡言亂語。疫情當前，只有同島一命，以病毒為敵人而不以民進黨及指揮中心為敵人，比較能夠得到國人的認同。3️⃣ #國民黨以民間力量採購疫苗來突顯中央無能既然中央無能採購疫苗，那就讓民間自己來採購吧！只要民間團體買得到，只要地方政府買得到，就證明中央是無能的，就可以打壓民進黨的支持度。疫苗恐慌下，一時風起雲湧，到處都出現要自購疫苗的聲音。首先發難的是各地方政府，自稱為了縣市民的健康，要動用預備金來自購疫苗。企業界也加入陣容，有些企業想要買給同仁施打，郭台銘慷慨地說要捐贈疫苗給國人施打，不過他指定的是上海復星的BNT疫苗。宗教團體也不落人後，包括佛光山及慈濟基金會都提出要買疫苗捐贈的建議。中央疫情指揮中心雖然樂於見到民間買疫苗的幫忙，但因吃過中共國以政治干預疫苗採購之虧，對這一些由上海復星掮客啓動的採購提案不能不小心處理。這種小心行事的態度果然被親中人士以「為了意識形態，不顧國人健康」大罵，直指中央刁難，不願幫忙，藉此指定要蔡英文總統親自出面接見解決。藍營也動員了一些前朝衞生官員，拿藥事法第48-2條：「為預防、診治危及生命或嚴重失能之疾病，且國內尚無適當藥物或合適替代療法」及「因應緊急公共衛生情事需要」時，可專案核準申請。來説明任何人都可以在緊急公共衛生需要時專案申請，因此郭台銘及宗教界均是依法合法申請，中央不應刁難。這招厲害，因為連主管藥品疫苗的前衞生官員都説可以了，指揮中心還在刁難什麼呢？其實這是誤導，台灣駐德國大使謝志偉，在第一線為BNT疫苗採購折衝樽俎，深刻理解到緊急採購未上市疫苗的困境，他比這些前朝官員更了解藥事法的精神。他説：透過「緊急使用授權」的疫苗叫作「藥品」，還不是「商品」，也就是說，「緊急使用授權」和「代理商」其實是互斥的概念。此所以，這些疫苗只能賣給「國家」！只能賣給「國家」！只能賣給「國家」！其他，就請自己想。謝大使很清楚地指出這個問題，事實上緊急使用授權（EUA)的東西連藥品都稱不上，應該稱為「為了緊急救援，未經合法完成證實其副作用及療效的研發中的藥物，在國家承擔責任的前提下，允許緊急使用」。因此根本不是商品，更不能買賣，只能提供主管的中央政府使用。所有人包括地方政府均無權購買，藥廠也不敢、不能賣。藥事法第48-2條指的是外國已經有通過FDA的成熟且已上市的藥品或疫苗，台灣還沒有時，為了緊急救援，任何人可以依法去採購。但對於還在研發中，尚未上市，只是依各國EUA緊急授權的藥物或疫苗，廠商是不能賣給個人的，除非政府授權某個單位或個人去採購。謝大使對EUA及藥事法的了解比一些醫藥界人士更加清楚。不是政府卡郭台銘，是廠商卡郭台銘。EUA和藥事法48-2條是兩回事。幸好在國際實力強大的台積電也參與，在蔡英文總統設定「愈快越好、原廠製造、原廠包裝、直送台灣」的原則下，政府正式授權台積電及郭台銘，可以代表政府去採購，行政院也馬不停蹄地幫忙，此疫苗捐贈案很快就圓滿達成。期間德國官員深感台灣購買疫苗的困難，也對中共以政治介入健康表示不滿。在國人感謝台積電及郭台銘的捐贈義舉時，郭台銘竟然特別感謝中共沒有干預。顯然中共阻撓台灣健康人權是常態，不干預就是恩賜、就要感激！這真是台灣人的悲哀。不過雖然購買疫苗不力是假，刁難民間團體是假，但上次購買被阻是真，目前疫苗不足是真。嚴重的是國民黨以疫苗不足不斷攻擊執政黨，如果指揮中心失去人民信任，未來防疫效能將會喪失，人民健康將會不保。更嚴重的是如果民進黨政府被打扒，親中共的國民黨再度掌權，恐怕美國依賴的第一島鏈將會出現缺口。美日大方送台灣大量疫苗，不只是防疫的「及時雨」，更是穩定台灣政局的「局時雨」。如果不是發生疫情，如果不是國民黨炒作疫苗恐慌，台灣可能沒有機會享受到世界各地的溫馨友誼。可以説是因禍得福！4️⃣ #國民黨阻擋本土國產疫苗這次COVID-19席捲全球，為了能早日回到正常生活，世界各國均在兢爭疫苗的研發、生產及採購。台灣國際地位特殊，有關COVID-19疫苗，不管是台灣自己採購或美日贈送台灣，中共都不斷阻撓。以台灣還不是世界衛生組織的一員，中共國又無所不用其極的打壓台灣，套句2003年發生SARS時，中共國代表沙祖康在世界衛生組織大會外所說的：「台灣人的健康？已經被拒絕了，誰理你們！」因此，如果把疫苗當成對抗生物戰的戰略武器，就應如同傳統戰爭的武器一樣，國機國造國艦國造，疫苗國產勢在必行。這一次國產疫苗自製，在各界及政府的支持下，高端及聯亞二家疫苗公司都己完成第二期臨床試驗，高端更已經通過了緊急授權（EUA），這二家其實疫苗技術都來自美國，能夠成功研製疫苗，真是可喜可賀，對台灣疫苗需求量又多了一層保障。但很奇怪的是，國民黨少數立委在武漢肺炎病毒開始流行時，就呼籲政府要用盡方法扶持國產疫苗，但是在國光疫苗公司宣佈放棄後，不斷傳出捷報的高端疫苗就被國民黨不斷打壓，聯亞疫苗受到攻擊較少，但最近上櫃股價跳空上漲七倍後，也開啟受到攻擊。國民黨攻擊國產疫苗從其保護力效果不好（其實尚未解盲不應知道結果）；沒有做三期臨床試驗；不應該用橋接比較取代三期，即使橋接成功也不能證明有效；高端前身為基亞公司，有炒作股價前科；高端股價連續漲停，一定是總統在護航；指揮中心在未解盲、未通過緊急授權前就購買高端、聯亞疫苗，顯然圖利；民進黨不買足夠的國外疫苗，就是為了買國產疫苗；民進黨刁難郭台銘買BNT疫苗，就是要圖利國產疫苗公司。這麼多的攻擊，在科學資料一一展現，在郭台銘已經買到BNT疫苗後，大多已經淪為笑話，不值再駁。不過國民黨為反對而反對的話講多了，傷人三分傷己七分，終會失去國人的信任。5️⃣ #國民黨圖謀BNT疫苗的經濟紅利郭台銘及台積電購贈BNT疫苗後，大家都在問：為什麼一定要BNT呢？別的疫苗不行嗎？這裡面當然有很多政治因素，國台辦指定台灣一定要買上海復星的BNT，親中記者還特別奉命問陳時中，買到BNT疫苗要不要感謝中國（上海復星）？但最令人感到難過的是上海復星每一劑疫苗賺台灣8元美金，等於台灣給中國上海復星賺了8000萬美元，替他付去年投資德國BNT疫苗5000多萬美元還有剩，台灣好像宋叛（傻瓜）似的。台積電及郭台銘一共付出上百億台幣買BNT疫苗，早知如此，台灣除了扶植本土公司外，應該投資外國疫苗公司才對。這麼大的利潤被國民黨看到了，國民黨主席江啓臣竟然又要揪團買BNT疫苗。江啟臣在中常會宣布，國民黨已經聯合南投、雲林、花蓮、台東4個執政縣市，共同委託合格藥商，提出正式申請購買500萬劑BNT疫苗。但令人可笑的是這四個縣市不是疫苗太少，是打的疫苗太慢，庫存太多。其實疫苗庫存率最高的前4名都是國民黨執政縣市，包含南投縣67.9%、花蓮縣58.5%、台東縣56.6%、新北市46.3%。要聯合採購的四縣市人口才170萬，中央給的疫苗打不完，為什麼還要去買500萬劑呢？南投、雲林、花蓮、台東都不是有錢的地方，為什麼要揪團買這麼多呢？難道要劫貧濟富嗎？還是每個縣民要打三劑呢？國民黨要求行政院比照授權郭台銘模式，授權讓地方政府可以用預備金去購買BNT疫苗。不管是上海復星的掮客食髓知味，想再賺更多？或是江啓臣想替國民黨籌黨主席選舉、2022地方縣市首長選舉的經費？我認為都不是明智之舉。他們難道不知道台灣現行已採購的疫苗源源不絶地進來？基本上已經足夠？他們沒看到本土疫苗即將量產？而全球疫苗愈做愈多，再幾個月即將成為買家市場？在這波疫情已將結束，在美日及時贈送近600萬劑疫苗，在疫情及疫苗恐慌已經消失，民眾已經不易再被恐嚇操弄之際，國民黨主席江啟臣還提出這種團購疫苗的主張，而且只揪到四個縣，不是愚蠢就是被騙。也難怪連自稱是泛藍選民的「財團法人金融法制暨犯罪防制中心董事長」邵之雋都痛批這是「昏招」。無論如何，賺國難財，不管是政治紅利或經濟紅利，都應加以譴責。

Question 3

宋明宗確診 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司、稽善司、考過司、恩怨司、壽命司、支配司、掌劫司、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

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