八月的某天早上,發現陽台的鐵欄杆竟然長出有點詩意的藤蔓,
倒三角形的葉子有點像地瓜葉,不知是否會長出好吃的地瓜。
立刻拍照用app查詢植物名,一查完整個毛骨悚然,
竟然是一種有害的外來種叫做「微甘菊」,又稱「小花蔓澤蘭」。
生命力極旺盛,會害死其他植物,號稱世界上最具危險性的有害外來種之一,
這麼毒的東西竟然擁有這麼人畜無害的名字,並且花語是「侵略」(!)
嫉惡如仇的我馬上戴起工作手套拿著剪刀,咬著牙充滿恨意地把這些藤蔓扯掉。
那感覺像是要把所有蘇打綠(魚丁系)的音樂或張震主演過的電影都摧毀掉的那種恨意。
網路上說絕對要斬草除根,因為連斷掉的枝葉都能讓他們繼續生長,
光是聽起來就很像恐怖片裡面無性生殖,能夠不斷繁殖的惡魔。
我扯完自家陽台的藤蔓之後,發現陽台外面社區花圃也有,
一小塊清完之後,發現遠方又一大片都是。
於是馬上變成社區的免費園丁,很雞婆地開始清這些毒藤蔓。
感覺我好像藉由拔除這些藤蔓,在跟我自己的過往心魔和創傷記憶對抗。
星期一的早上在陽光下做這些事情讓我有勞動的感覺。
小花蔓澤蘭的根莖長得紮實又可怕,很像某種我痛恨的爬蟲類。
越拔越覺得我想要對它們抄家滅族的恨意完全被他們知道了,
身上慢慢累積了很多這些藤蔓回報給我的負能量。
裝滿兩大袋塑膠袋準備拿去倒,途中又發現花園另外一角還有!
正當我奮力拔除時不知為何夾腳拖竟然斷掉了,我當下覺得一定是這些藤蔓想報復我。
拔完這些藤蔓之後,赫然發現林務局正在推廣本月是「小花蔓澤蘭防治月」,
參加這活動分享照片之後有機會得到有點諷刺的獎品:小花蔓澤蘭炭皂!
真的不想要用這種充滿負能量的肥皂洗澡。
(歡迎林務局找我拔草)
★
好久沒來台中,非常掛念中央公園的鴨子們。
上次來是冬天,看到河上五隻鴨子形影相隨,
種類不同的鴨子竟然可以變成好朋友讓我好感動。
夏天的中央公園,發現鴨子們已經分裂成三個小團體。
白鴨找到伴侶,和昔日褐鴨好友分道揚鑣,
眼神冷靜淡定,完全不懷念過去或因逝去的友情傷感。
世界上果然沒有永遠的朋友。
坐在可以觀察鴨群的椅子上,
耳機裡正播放非常適合夕陽時分的King’s of Convenience,
鴨子們跟我一樣望著夕陽彷彿正在進行某種哲學性思考。
正當我沈浸在夕陽餘暉時,
發現白鴨(突然拋下老婆)又再度加入褐鴨家庭,而且還一起游水。
我破涕為笑,完全推翻我剛才消極悲慘的世界觀,原來你們還是好朋友。
但也許以上劇情純屬我自己腦補。
★
回程經過東協廣場旁邊的台中市成功路,驚覺這條路根本越南。
路邊攤賣的青菜雖然是台灣生產,但擺設方式和種類簡直胡志明市的路邊攤。
隔日歡天喜地跑回去找以前在河內吃的豬肉米線,
隨便選了一間坐下來,才發現整間店所有店員的國語都不太通,
店員唯一會講的中文是「聽不懂」,
那種語言障礙和挫折讓我有一秒來到北越背包旅行的既世感(明明是台中)。
語言不通彷彿暗示著食物應該會很道地,
果然味道也是未經稀釋的生猛越南味,
豬肉味道跟台灣豬肉不太一樣,有點腥味。
生吃完幾片紫蘇葉和一些越南人才會吃的路邊野草之後,
讓我有活在荒野亂摘食物的魯賓遜錯覺。
而我就在「好越南喔不用出國就有旅行感覺」以及「味道太越南了恐怕無法消化」的矛盾情緒下吃完。
(然後過幾天就看到越南豬肉可能有毒的報導)
★
夏天就這麼過了,今年夏天就在自我封閉和居家隔離中度過,極端空虛。
每當傍晚我就想要沒有目的地騎車尋找可以看夕陽的好地方,
在頂樓眺望遠方時總是很在意遠方山上到底是什麼工廠,
那天騎上去才發現是南亞塑膠公司,地址是泰山。
又有一個星期天騎到八里一個很隱密的海邊,
正好是飛機降落桃園機場前必定會經過的路線,
看著飛機想著以前出團的美好日子有點惆悵。
雖然當時每天詛咒自己的工作,
現在才發現那是一個美好到我可能不值得擁有的工作。
夕陽很美,但八里的海岸石頭上一堆超不浪漫的海蟑螂。
心滿意足地踩一下海水假裝有跟夏天打過交道,
海邊有一些被惡意遺棄的寶特瓶垃圾,回程發現有人跟我一樣在海邊撿垃圾。
一個高中左右的男孩我猜磁場很乾淨還沒被社會污染,
一個熱血大學生撿了滿手垃圾到隨時要掉下來的程度,
還有一個快要變成40歲多愁善感想到小時候的事情隨時會哭出來的大叔。
雖然台灣越來越沒救,很多地方還是很醜,
可是我們盡力撿垃圾拔毒藤蔓忍耐一切不爽,
我們一起活過一個史上最無聊的夏天了。
照片:八里海蟑螂秘境
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2萬的網紅Cynthia Wong 黃意雅,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Everyday cover challenge, start from 1/10/2020. #Day33 -------------- //想起家園留住愛 引領腳步尋回力量// 堅持從來不是一件輕易的事。 -------------- DAY 33 - 長河盪樣 [All is Found...
河內尋寶記 在 知史 Facebook 的最佳解答
劉備「換妻如換衣」之謎:夜抱夫人玩玉人|知史百家
歷史春秋網
劉備(161~223年),字玄德,涿郡(今河北)人,東漢遠支皇族,三國時蜀漢的建立者,謂蜀漢昭烈帝。幼貧,後入軍旅參與鎮壓黃巾起義,在諸葛亮的籌劃中,聯合孫權打敗曹操於赤壁,佔荊州、益州和漢中。221年稱帝,定都成都,次年在吳蜀之戰中敗北,不久病故。
劉備是涿郡涿縣人,自稱是漢景帝兒子中山靖王劉勝的後代,他自己反覆這麼說,見人就說,於是史書上也這麼說了,至於真假沒有人知道。我們十分熟悉劉備的那句開場白:「在下劉備,中山靖王劉勝之後。」根本就沒人問他是誰的後代,仔細一想劉備的舉動實在可笑。同時也可以看出劉備一直為他低微的出身而苦惱不堪。
劉備少孤,與母親販履織席為生。他所住的草屋東南角籬笆邊有一顆高五丈的桑樹,遙望像個車蓋,往來的人都奇怪此樹非凡的姿態,有的就說此地當出貴人。劉備小時候與其他的小孩子在樹下遊戲時說:「我將來必定乘這樣的羽葆蓋車。」羽葆蓋車是皇帝才可以乘坐的,叔父劉子敬告誡劉備說:「你這樣胡說難道要滅我們全家麼?!」劉備不喜歡讀書,只愛好狗馬、音樂、華麗的衣服。他身高七尺五寸,垂手超過膝蓋,回頭可以看見自己的耳朵,不喜歡說話,喜怒不形於色,好交結豪俠,鄉里的少年都依附他。中山大商人張世平、蘇雙可能被「中山靖王劉勝之後」的話打動,覺得劉備不同尋常,便給了他許多金銀財寶,這樣劉備召買了一批人馬,開始實現他奪取天下的計畫。
三國時代是個英雄輩出的光輝年月,但劉備特殊之處就在於白手起家,不像曹操與孫權倚靠先輩打下的堅實的基礎,他所倚靠的只是一個虛無飄渺的「中山靖王劉勝」。劉備不是一個好色之徒,因此對他的情愛生活史書記載極少,但孟子還說「食、色,性也。」意思是食慾和性慾都是人體的本能,劉備也不例外,只有在情色上才可以見到劉備的另一面。
劉備的夫人沛國人甘氏是三國時代著名的美女之一。劉備起兵後在豫州小沛納甘氏為妾。劉備好幾個嫡妻先後喪生,甘夫人便以嫡妻的身份攝掌內事。後來隨劉備到了荊州依附劉表,生下兒子阿斗(即後來的蜀後主劉禪)。
曹操大軍在當陽長阪追到劉備一行,劉備丟下老婆孩子一個人跑了。全靠趙雲的保護,甘夫人才倖免於難。當初桃園結義的時候張飛與關羽都殺了自己的妻子跟隨劉備,那句有名的「朋友如手足,妻子如衣服」的話就是劉備說的。可見在他眼裡妻子不過是隨時脫隨時換的衣服鞋子一類的東西,所以此時拋下甘夫人一個人逃命符合劉備的性格。
甘夫人生於微賤的家庭,幼小的時候鄉里會看相的說:「這個女孩子此後貴不可限,當位極宮掖。」等她長大後體貌與一般女子不同。十八歲的她玉質柔肌、態媚容冶,劉備將她召致白綃帳中,在戶外觀望,甘氏就如同月下凝聚的白雪一樣。河南有獻媚劉備的人送給劉備一支高三尺的玉人,劉備把這個玉人放在甘夫人的身邊,常常在夜晚叫甘夫人脫光衣服,與旁邊的玉人作比較。他白天與謀臣談論軍國大事,夜裡就抱著甘夫人玩弄那個玉人,自己還常說:「玉之所貴,比德君子。況且雕鑿為人形,而難道可以不玩麼?」甘夫人與玉人潔白溫潤沒有二致,看見的人都分不清哪一個是甘夫人哪一個是玉人。嬖寵者不僅僅妒忌於甘後,也妒忌那個玉人。甘夫人常想將玉人毀去,她對劉備說:「以前子罕不以玉為寶,春秋上讚美他。現在吳魏未滅,怎麼能玩物喪志呢?凡是淫惑生疑的東西,不要再拿進來。」劉備聽從了甘夫人的話,撤下玉人再也不玩了,取嬖者見沒有機會可趁都退靠後了。當時的君子議論以為甘夫人是位神智清醒的夫人。
劉備從陶謙手裡接管了徐州之後,用糜竺、陳登為輔佐。袁術自接鄰的揚州起兵與劉備爭奪徐州。建安元年呂布襲取徐州的治所下邳,守將張飛嗜酒誤事,劉備的家眷都陷落在城裡。劉備潰退到廣陵收集敗兵散卒,以圖後舉。糜竺與陳登輾轉找到了劉備,糜竺原來是一個商人,家產十分豐厚。糜竺在廣陵遇到劉備,劉備問及自己的家眷,糜竺說還在下邳城裡。劉備丟了城池失去了甘夫人,弄得兩手空空,無奈只有嘆息一番。
糜竺有一個年已及笄的妹妹,長得很美豔。為了安慰劉備,他便將妹妹送給了劉備,並將家產傾囊而出充作軍資。劉備正是窮困潦倒的時候,好像天下掉下一個餡餅,不僅使危軍復振,而且還得到一個美女相伴。他寫信給呂布請他送還家眷,互釋嫌疑。呂布只是為了得到徐州的地盤,與劉備本來沒有什麼個人恩怨,便了得做個人情,將家眷送還了劉備,並且還格外開恩讓沒有地方安身的劉備駐紮在徐州的小沛。
甘夫人回來後,卻發現劉備戰場失意情場得意,又娶了一個小妾。不過她沒有表現出不快的神情,古代男子三妻四妾本來是很平常的。甘夫人與糜夫人相見後寒暄了一番,然後暗中彼此偷偷打量對方,再將自己與對方做了一番比較。不過這是妻妾心中的小波瀾,外人不得而知。
雖然呂布歸還了甘夫人,但是劉備與呂布已經互生嫌怨。建安三年春,呂布派人去河內買馬,半路上被劉備將馬匹都搶走了,呂布正好沒有藉口,便遣部將高順、張遼率兵攻打小沛。劉備知道自己的力量不支,飛書向許都的曹操求救。曹操立刻派遣夏侯惇領兵往援小沛。
夏侯惇來到小沛還沒來得及安營,被高順部下的銳騎沖得四散,急得他腳忙手亂。夏侯惇左目中了一箭,鮮血直流,多虧親兵救護才逃出險境。劉備帶著關羽、張飛前來接應夏侯惇,劉備正與高順相遇,不料被張遼襲擊背後,劉備全軍陷落。他前後都沒有了去路,不得已跑往梁地。小沛裡只有孫乾、糜竺等幾個文士,甘糜二位夫人被呂布劫去。看來當劉備的老婆真是不容易,三天兩頭被人家搶走。
劉備跑到了梁地,正倉皇窮蹙的時候,曹操親自督兵前來救他。救劉備是假,奪取地盤是真。曹軍首先攻下了彭城,並將彭城的守兵平民全部殺戮一空,然後再引軍進攻下邳。呂布作戰失利,聽信妻子嚴氏的話,又懷疑屬下的謀士將領,導致將士離心,被部下侯成、宋憲、魏續出賣給曹操。這樣劉備又找回了妻妾甘糜二位夫人。
建安五年曹操打敗了劉備,甘糜二位夫人再一次被搶走,關羽也被擒。後來關羽聽說了劉備流落到袁紹那裡,遂帶著二位夫人離開曹操回到劉備的身邊。不過幼子阿斗在亂兵中竄匿西入漢中,被人販子所賣。到了建安十六年,扶風人劉括避亂來到漢中,買到了阿斗。這時阿斗不知已經被賣了幾次,估計是太傻的緣故,誰也不願意養活他。劉括給他娶了媳婦,還生下一個兒子。起初阿斗與劉備失去聯繫時,還記得父親叫玄德。鄰居簡雍後來依附了劉備,並告訴他阿斗的下落。於是劉備遣簡雍到漢中尋找阿斗,張魯知道後給阿斗洗了個澡送還給了劉備。
這件事魚豢的《魏略》有記載,但不知是否可信,裴松之雖然對《魏略》作了辯駁,但魚豢搞錯的可能只是人的名字,並不能否認事情的存在,也就是說劉備還有一個史書上沒有記載的兒子。因為阿斗的生母甘夫人並不是第一個正室,在她之前劉備還死了幾個夫人。不過這已經是後話了。
甘糜二位夫人還算幸運的。據說劉備落難的時候,幾天沒吃到一粒米。一天他來到劉某的家裡,見面剛報完中山靖王劉勝的名號就餓暈了過去。醒來後劉某端來一盤肉,劉備飢不擇食囫圇吃了下去,見劉某的家裡也十分貧寒,就問肉從哪裡來的,劉某說剛才把自己老婆宰了給中山靖王下酒。原來這個劉某還以為劉備是中山靖王,不知道中山靖王是幾百年前的死人,他琢磨著殺了自己老婆給中山靖王吃肉,中山靖王感激不盡一定會重重報答他,到時候美妻嬌妾還少的了麼?劉備一聽也不敢說自己不是中山靖王,抽了個冷腳底抹油跑了。
曹操南取荊州以後,劉備從襄城跑到江陵。荊襄士民見劉備仁慈,害怕曹操的殺戮,便都攜兒帶女隨劉備同行。到了當陽的時候,士民多到十餘萬,輜重也有好幾千輛。走的速度很慢,每天只能走十餘里。劉備每次大敗的時候,妻子家眷都棄之不顧,此時庇護十萬百姓純屬沽名釣譽。明顯的是置百姓於死地,使對手得到惡名,可見其內心之忍,實為三國狡詐第一。曹操親率大軍長驅直追,劉備讓張飛斷後,趙雲保護家眷。
曹軍五千輕騎日夜追殺劉備,一日一夜行三百多里,在當陽長阪追到了張飛的斷後部隊。張飛兵少抵擋不住,甘糜二夫人被亂兵沖散不知去向。趙雲不見了二位夫人,急忙持槍又從亂軍中殺進一條血路,好容易才找到了甘夫人,將她帶到長阪(長阪是地名,不是山丘名,《三國演義》說成長阪坡不正確)。張飛見到趙雲便問及嬰兒阿斗,才知道阿斗被糜夫人抱著,卻不知道糜夫人在什麼地方。趙雲只好又一次衝進曹軍陣中救出了糜夫人。此時糜夫人身體已受重傷,她奄奄一息地抱住阿斗。見了趙雲後,為了讓阿斗脫身,不連累趙雲,她一躍跳入井中而死。趙雲悲傷之餘,推倒土牆掩蓋水井,以免糜夫人的屍體受辱。
劉備見到趙雲救回甘氏母子心裡大喜,聽到糜夫人已死又不禁大悲,一時間百感交集,又落下許多淚。甘夫人因為受驚成疾,一年後二十二歲的她也離開了人世。可憐甘糜二位夫人一生跟隨劉備東奔西走,被人搶來搶去,幾乎沒享過什麼福。
應當注意的是關於趙雲單槍在曹軍中七進七出純是《三國演義》的敷衍虛構,其實趙雲不是我們想像中的粉面朱唇,白緞盔甲,背上插著許多繡花三角旗的英俊小青年,他的年紀比劉備還大而且在蜀國的地位很低,死後一年多才得到追諡,完全不能與張飛、關羽、黃忠相提並論。所有趙雲的英雄事蹟來自《趙雲別傳》,但是《別傳》內容可疑之處太多。
荊州地處西川與東吳之間,是歷來的兵家必爭之地。當初劉備沒有立足的地方,向東吳借荊州暫時棲身,約定以後歸還。赤壁之戰後孫權想討回荊州,劉備以各種理由再三推拖。而且魯肅一提起歸還荊州的事,劉備就放聲大哭。周瑜勸孫權將妹妹嫁給劉備,以婚姻關係羈絆住他。孫權實在沒有辦法,就想趁劉備喪妻之機會,以其妹孫尚香送給劉備作繼室為誘餌,藉口吳國太夫人特別疼愛這個最小的女兒,不願意遠嫁,所以請劉備去東吳完成婚禮。名為東吳與劉備連親,實則趁劉備過江之機加以拘禁,好逼諸葛亮拿荊州換回劉備。劉備有意聯吳,便遵從了東吳的婚議,建安十四年冬天由趙雲、孫乾陪同進入吳境。
不想孫權反弄巧成拙,在甘露寺吳國太是丈母娘看女婿,越看越喜歡,就真的招他為婿。結婚時劉備已年過半百,孫尚香也就二十來歲。結婚的那一天,一百多個侍婢簇擁著一位珠圍翠繞的裊娜佳人與劉備參拜天地。待到入了洞房劉備不禁吃了一驚,洞房裡面刀槍劍戟殺氣騰騰,侍婢都佩劍侍立在一旁,好像要出兵打仗的樣子。劉備忙哆嗦著問:「這是做什麼?」侍婢說:「我們郡主從小喜歡練武,一向是隨身不離兵器。」劉備說:「今夜是洞房花燭的好日子,還是將這些暫時拿開的好。」孫夫人撇嘴說:「你打打殺殺了大半生,難道還怕兵器麼?」
不滿歸於不滿,孫夫人還是脫下戎裝,丟下兵器。這時劉備仔細端詳,這個孫夫人神采奕奕,長得也很端正,於是緊張害怕的心情也消失了一大半。孫夫人橫眉立目的時候確實嚇人,但溫柔起來也是驚天動地的銷魂。於是二人攜手進入幃帳。
劉備一連住一個多月,這才從溫柔鄉中醒過來想起了荊州的部下。他對孫權說曹操眈視荊州不能不回去,孫權不好說不放的話,況且劉備早將吳國太哄得團團轉,另外他也想讓劉備在荊州作為曹魏和東吳之間的緩衝。等到劉備攜孫夫人回到了荊州以後,周瑜從江陵來見孫權,問起孫權為何放劉備回去,孫權說是防備曹操。周瑜只好無奈嘆息。他給孫權分析了形勢,孫權也很後悔,真是「賠了夫人又折兵」。
劉備取得益州後根本不想歸還荊州,孫權便趁劉備西徵入川的時候,悄悄給妹妹寫信謊稱吳國太病重,想將孫夫人和阿斗騙到東吳,然後用阿斗換回荊州。好像來來回回就這麼一條計策。孫夫人不辨真偽,匆匆攜阿斗登船回吳國,諸葛亮派趙雲勒兵斷江留住了阿斗,只放孫夫人一人回東吳。孫夫人到了東吳後才知吳國太根本沒有病。從此以後,孫夫人留在了東吳,被迫還是自願不得而知,只是與劉備再也沒有見面,他們的夫妻生活大約就持續了三年。
當初孫夫人雖然也有溫存的一面,但日常倚仗兄長的勢力不把劉備放在眼裡,一向說一不二,不僅左右大將都怕她三分,劉備也不敢違怫。而且孫夫人從東吳帶來一批吏卒,在蜀地縱橫不法,誰都無法約束,好像是閨中的敵國,時刻還必須加以防備孫夫人手中的刀劍。等孫夫人回到了東吳,劉備回想起的只有那些提心吊膽的感覺,所以也不派使者去東吳迎接孫夫人。
劉備最後一位夫人吳氏是陳留人,少年時失去雙親,她的父親一向與益州牧劉焉有舊交,因此舉家隨劉焉進入蜀地。劉焉心有異志,他聽看相者說吳氏以後會大貴,便想納吳氏為妾,但是苦於自己與吳氏的父親是莫逆之交,與吳氏的輩分不相當,就只好讓自己的兒子劉瑁娶了吳氏。劉瑁死後吳氏寡居。公元214年夏天劉備取得益州城,群臣勸劉備聘娶吳氏。劉備心疑自己與劉瑁同族在禮法上不妥。法正說:「若論起親疏,您與劉瑁比得上晉文公與子圉的關係麼?」於是劉備決定納吳氏為夫人。吳氏雖然寡居再嫁,但豔麗不減當年,劉備重新領略了空曠已久的溫柔滋味。
建安二十四年,劉備稱漢中王,立吳夫人為漢中王后。章武元年夏五月,劉備稱帝立吳後為皇后。
孫權難以收回荊州,又想與關羽結為兒女親家,但關羽不僅拒絕了孫權,還以「虎女焉配犬子」的話來鄙夷孫權。孫權出離憤怒,派呂蒙攻打荊州。關羽大意失荊州敗走麥城,以至於身首異處。
劉備一心要為二弟報仇,不顧諸葛亮等大臣的勸阻,傾全蜀的二十萬兵力連營七百里進攻東吳。孫權提出「歸還荊州,送還夫人」的講和條件,孫夫人也附密札,敘述夫妻之情與相思之苦,都被報仇心切的劉備一口回絕了。東吳大將陸遜用計火燒劉備的連營,劉備與剩下的不到一萬士兵敗潰逃回白帝城。在彝陵之戰劉備被東吳一把火燒了連營之後,孫尚香聽到傳言以為劉備已經死了,她在長江邊祭奠完劉備後投江殉情而死。今天繡林鎮北郊長江南岸還有一座望夫台,據說是孫夫人曾在此遙望夫歸,望夫台上的腳印至今仍然依稀可辨。
劉備聽到噩耗不禁又想起了孫夫人的好處,加上這一仗使勤苦半生建立起來的蜀國元氣大傷,於是他懨懨成病。六十三歲的劉備自知不起,將阿斗託付給諸葛亮等五個大臣後離開了人世。劉禪即位,謚劉備為漢昭烈皇帝,秋八月葬於惠陵。
延熙八年吳後去世。起初甘夫人去世後葬在南郡。章武二年追諡為皇思夫人,遷葬於蜀國,靈柩還沒有到,劉備已經在白帝城去世。丞相諸葛亮上表後主劉禪追諡甘夫人為昭烈皇后,與劉備合葬在一起。
原文載於《中國帝王后宮私生活之謎全紀錄》,作者:華濁水,大眾文藝出版社出版
(本文由「歷史春秋網」授權「知史」轉載繁體字版,特此鳴謝。)
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河內尋寶記 在 馮智政 Facebook 的最佳貼文
【對華政策的範式轉移】絕對是歷史性講話.
#成萬字 #萬言書 #頹譯都譯死人
----小弟頹譯------
蓬佩奧:謝謝。謝謝你們。州長,您的慷慨介紹。的確是這樣:當您在那個體育館裡散步時,說出“蓬佩奧”的名字,人們就會耳語。因為,我有一個兄弟,Mark,他是一個非常好,一位非常出色的籃球運動員。
請為藍鷹榮譽衛隊(Blue Eagles Honor Guard)及飛行員Kayla Highsmith下士對國歌的精彩演繹給多一次掌聲如何? (掌聲)
也要感謝Laurie牧師那動人的祈禱,我還要感謝Hugh Hewitt和尼克遜基金會的邀請讓我在這個重要的美國機構發言。很高興能受空軍人員演唱,由海軍陸戰隊介紹,讓個一個陸軍傢伙站在海軍傢伙的房子前面。 (笑聲)(按蓬佩奧曾在美國陸軍服役 )一切都很好。
很榮幸來到Yorba Linda,尼克遜的父親在那裡建立了他出生和成長的房屋。
在這困難時刻,使今天成為可能的尼克遜中心董事會和工作人員,感謝,感謝我和我的團隊使這一天成為可能。
我們很幸運能在觀眾中見到一些特別的嘉賓,包括我認識的Chris Nixon (尼克遜的孫,Christopher Nixon Cox)。我還要感謝Tricia Nixon和Julie Nixon Eisenhower (尼克遜兩位女兒)對這次訪問的支持。
我還想提一提幾位勇敢的中國持不同政見者,他們長途跋涉並出席。其他尊貴的客人-(掌聲)-尊貴的客人,謝謝您的光臨。那些在帳篷下的人,您們必須支付額外的費用(笑)。
以及那些正在觀看直播的人,感謝您的收看。
最後,正如州長所說,我在Santa Ana出生,離這裡不遠。今天有我的姐姐和她的丈夫在聽眾中。謝謝大家的光臨。我敢打賭,您從沒想過我會站在這裡。
我今天的講話是我在一系列中國演講中的第四組講話,我請國家安全顧問Robert O’Brien,聯邦調查局局長Chris Wray和司法部長Barr陪同我發言。
我們有一個非常明確的目標,一個實在的任務。這是在解釋美國與中國關係的不同方面,數十年來這種關係中出現的巨大失衡以及中國共產黨所計劃的霸權。
我們的目標是明確指出,特朗普總統的中國政策正在解決的對美國人的威脅是明顯的,並且我們正確立保障自由的戰略。Robert O’Brien談到了意識形態。聯邦調查局局長Wray談到了間諜活動。司法部長Barr談到了經濟學。現在,我今天的目標是將這一切匯總給美國人民,並詳細說明中國的威脅對我們的經濟,我們的自由,乃至全球自由民主國家的未來的衝擊。
自基辛格(Kissinger)博士秘密訪問中國以來,到明年已經過去了半個世紀,而尼克松總統訪華50週年也就在2022年。
那時世界大不一樣了。
我們以為與中國交往(engagement)將創造一個帶有友好合作前景的美好未來。
但是今天—今天我們仍然戴著口罩,看著疫性的死亡人數仍在增加,因為中共對世界的承諾沒有兌現。我們每天早上都在讀到鎮壓香港和新疆的新聞消息。
我們看到的中國貿易濫用行為的驚人數字使美國失去了工作,並給整個美國經濟帶來了沉重打擊,包括南加州。而且我們正在看著一支越來越強大,甚至更具威脅性的中國軍隊。
從加利福尼亞州到我的家鄉堪薩斯州以及其他地區,我都有著與美國人心中的疑問:從與中國交往至今,美國人民這50年見到了什麼?
領袖們曾說過的中國邁向自由與民主發展的理論是否正確?
這是中國對 "雙贏" 局面的定義嗎?
實際上,從國務卿的角度來看,美國更安全嗎?我們是否有更大的可能為我們自己實現和平,並為我們之後的子孫後代享有和平?
看,我們必須承認一個硬道理。我們必須承認一個硬道理,它將指導我們在未來幾十年中發展,如果我們要擁有一個自由的21世紀,而不是習近平夢想的中國世紀,那麼與中國盲目交往的舊範式坦白說是沒有贏的機會。我們決不能在此繼續,也絕不能重返。
正如特朗普總統已明確指出的那樣,我們需要一項保護美國經濟乃至我們生活方式的戰略。自由世界必須戰勝這一新的暴政。 The free world must triumph over this new tyranny.
現在,在我似乎不太希望拆除尼克遜總統的遺產之前,我想明確地說,他做了當時他認為最適合美國人民的事情,而且他很可能是對的。
他是中國的傑出學生,冷酷的勇士和中國人民的偉大仰慕者,正如我們一樣。
他意識到中國太重要而不能忽視,即使國力由於自身的共產主義野蠻行為而被削弱。這值得尼克遜給予極大的讚譽。
1967年,尼克遜在一篇非常著名的外交事務文章中解釋了他的未來戰略。
他的話是這樣的:他說:“從長遠來看,我們根本無法永遠把中國留在國際大家庭之外……在中國改變之前,世界不會安全。因此,我們的目標是 —在可能的範圍內,我們必須作出影響,而我們的目標應該是促使改變。”
我認為這是整篇文章中的關鍵詞:“促使改變”。
因此,在歷史性的北京之行中,尼克遜總統開始了我們的交住戰略。他崇高地尋求一個更自由,更安全的世界,並希望中國共產黨能兌現這一承諾。
隨著時間的流逝,美國決策者越來越多地認為,隨著中國變得更加繁榮,它將會對外開放,它會在國內變得更加自由,而實際上在國外所面臨的威脅卻越來越小,它將變得更加友好。這一切似乎都是不可避免的。
但是那個必然的時代已經過去了。我們一直在進行的這種交往並沒有帶來尼克遜總統希望所引起的中國內部的變化。事實是,我們的政策以及其他自由國家的政策使中國經濟從衰落得以恢復,但北京反咬了養活它的國際力量。
我們曾向中國公民張開雙臂,只是看到中國共產黨利用我們的自由開放社會。中國派宣傳員參加了我們的新聞發布會,研究中心,高中,大學,甚至參加了家長教師會議。
我們將台灣的朋友邊緣化,後來台灣蓬勃發展為積極的民主國家。
我們給中國共產黨和政權本身以特殊的經濟待遇,只是看到中共堅持以對其人權侵犯保持沉默作為讓西方公司進入中國市場的代價。
前一天,Robert O’Brien大使舉了幾個例子:萬豪,美國航空,達美航空,聯合航空都從其公司網站上刪除了對台灣的提及,以免激怒北京。在荷里活,這裏的不遠處,距離美國創作自由的中心和自命為社會正義的仲裁者,他們的自我審查可說是對中國發展最不利的參考。
公司對CCP的默許也發生在世界各地。
這種企業忠誠度如何運作?奉承會得到獎勵嗎?讓我引述Barr總檢察長在講話。他在上週的一次演講中說:“中國統治者的最終野心不是與美國進行貿易。是要略奪美國。”
中國剝奪了我們寶貴的知識產權和商業機密,損失了在美國各地了數百萬個就業機會。它從美國吸走了供應鏈,然後添加了一個由奴隸制度製成的小工具。
它使世界上主要的水路對國際貿易而言變得不那麼安全。
尼克遜總統曾經說過,他擔心自己通過向中共開放世界而創造了一個“科學怪人”,這正是如此。
現在,有誠信的人可以辯論為什麼自由國家允許這些年來,這些不好的事情發生。也許我們對中國的惡毒的共產主義幼稚,或者在我們在冷戰勝利後變得自大,或者軟弱的資本主義者被北京所說的“和平崛起”所愚昧。
無論出於何種原因—無論出於何種原因,今天的中國在國內都越來越專制,並開始對其他地方的自由作出干預。
特朗普總統說:夠了。
我不認為兩派的人對我今天所說的事實提出異議。但是即使到現在,也有人堅持認為,為了對話而對話。
現在,要明確地說,我們將繼續討論。但是這些對話的意義是不同的。幾週前,我去了檀香山,與楊潔篪見面。
這是同樣的古老故事—說了很多話,但實際上沒有任何改變任何行為的提議。
楊的承諾,就像中共在他面前做出的許多承諾一樣,都是空洞的。我想,他的期望是我會屈服於他們的要求,因為坦率地說,這是許多前任政府所做的。我沒有,特朗普總統也不會。正如O’Brien很好地解釋的那樣,我們必須記住,中共政權是馬克思列寧主義政權。習近平堅信這已破產的極權主義思想。
正是這種意識形態,正是這種意識形態反映了他數十年來對全球共產主義中國霸權的渴望。美國再也不能忽視我們兩國之間的根本政治和意識形態差異,就像中共從來沒有忽視它們一樣。
以我在眾議院情報委員會,然後擔任中央情報局局長,以及擔任美國國務卿兩年多的經驗,使我對這種中央理解成為可能:
唯一的方式 — 真正改變共產主義中國的唯一方法,不是對中國領導人聽其言,而是觀其行。您會看到美國政策對此結論做出了回應。列根總統說,他是在“信任但要核實”的基礎上與蘇聯打交道的。關於中共,我說我們必須"不信任和核查"。 (掌聲)
我們,世界上熱愛自由的國家,必須像尼克遜總統所希望的那樣,促使中國發生變化。我們必須促使中國以更具創造性和果斷性的方式進行變革,因為北京的行動威脅著我們的人民和我們的繁榮。
我們必須首先改變我們的人民和我們的伙伴對中國共產黨的看法。我們必須說實話。我們不能像其他任何國家一樣,把這個假象視為正常國家。
我們知道,與中國進行貿易不像與一個正常的,遵守法律的國家進行貿易。北京威脅將國際協議視為—將協議視為建議,以作為主導全球的渠道。
但是,通過堅持公平條款,就像我們的貿易代表在獲得第一階段貿易協議時所做的那樣,我們可以迫使中國考慮其知識產權盜竊和損害美國工人的政策。
我們也知道,與擁有CCP支持的公司開展業務與與一家加拿大公司開展業務不同。他們不回答獨立委員會的問題,而且其中許多是由國家贊助的,因此無需追求利潤。
華為就是一個很好的例子。我們不再假裝華為是一家無辜的電信公司,它的出現是為了確保您可以和朋友聊天。我們稱其為真正的國家安全威脅,並為採取了相應的行動。
我們也知道,如果我們的公司在中國投資,他們可能會有意或無意地支持共產黨嚴重侵犯人權的行為。
因此,我們的美國財政部和商務部已批准並將那些危害和濫用世界人民最基本權利的中國領導人和實體列入黑名單。多個部門已就商業諮詢機構合作,以確保我們的CEO了解其供應鏈在中國境內的工作。
我們也知道,我們也知道並非所有的中國學生和僱員都只是來這裡賺錢和積累一些知識的普通學生和工人。他們太多人來這裡竊取我們的知識產權並將其帶回自己的國家。司法部和其他機構已對這些罪行進行了嚴厲的懲罰。
我們知道,解放軍也不是正規軍。其目的是維護中國共產黨精英的絕對統治,擴大中國帝國,而不是保護中國人民。
因此,美國國防部加大了工作力度,擴大了在東,南海以及台灣海峽以及整個海峽的航行操作自由。我們還建立了一支太空部隊,以幫助阻止中國對這一最後邊界的侵略。
同樣,坦率地說,我們在美國國務院制定了一套與中國打交道的新政策,推動特朗普總統實現公正與互惠的目標,以改寫幾十年來不斷加劇的失衡。
就在本週,我們宣布關閉在休斯敦的中國領事館,因為它是間諜和知識產權盜竊的樞紐。 (掌聲)
兩週前,我們在南中國海扭轉了過去八年忽略的國際法權益。
我們呼籲中國限制其核能力以適應當今時代的戰略現實。
國務院- 在世界各地,各個層面- 都與中國同行進行了交流,只是要求公平和互惠。
但是我們的方法不只是要變得強硬。那不可能達到我們想要的結果。我們還必須與中國人民互動並賦予他們權力,他們是一個充滿活力,熱愛自由的人民,他們與中國共產黨完全不同。首先是面對面的外交。 (掌聲)
無論我走到哪裡,我都遇到了有才華和勤奮的中國人。我遇過逃離新疆集中營的維吾爾族和哈薩克族。我曾與香港的民主領袖進行了交談,有陳日君樞機到黎智英。兩天前,我在倫敦會見了香港自由戰士羅冠聰。
上個月在我的辦公室裡,我聽到了天安門廣場倖存者的故事。其中之一今天在這裡。王丹是一名關鍵學生,他從未停止為中國人民爭取自由。王先生,請您站起來,以便我們見到您嗎? (掌聲)
今天與我們同在的還有中國民主運動之父魏京生。他在中國的勞改營度過了幾十年的時間。魏先生,你能站起來嗎? (掌聲)
我成長及服役於冷戰時期。如果我學到一件事,共產黨人幾乎總是撒謊。他們告訴我們的最大謊言是,他們認為自己能代表14億被監視,壓迫和害怕說出來的人。
恰恰相反。中共比任何敵人都更擔心中國人民的誠實觀點,失去對權力的控制。
試想一下,如果我們能夠從武漢的醫生那裡聽到他們的來信,並且允許他們對新疫病的爆發發出警報,那麼世界會變得更好—更不用說中國內部的人了。
幾十年來,我們的領袖一直無視,淡化勇敢的中國異見者的話,他們警告過我們所面對之政權。
我們不能再忽略它了。他們與任何人一樣知道我們永遠無法回到現狀。
但是改變中共的舉動並不單單是中國人民的使命。自由國家必須努力捍衛自由。這不是簡單的事情。
但是我有信心我們可以做到。我有信心,因為我們以前做過。我們知道這是怎麼回事。我有信心,因為中共正在重複蘇聯犯下的一些同樣的錯誤-疏遠潛在的盟友,破壞國內外的信任,拒絕財產權和法治。
我有信心。我之所以有信心,是因為我看到其他國家之間的覺醒,他們知道我們無法回到過去,美國亦如是。我從布魯塞爾,悉尼到河內都聽說過。
最重要的是,我相信我們可以捍衛自由,因為自由本身是漂亮的。
看看香港人因中共加強對這個驕傲城市的控制,要移居海外。他們揮舞著美國國旗。
是的,確實有差異。與蘇聯不同,中國已深入融入全球經濟。但是,北京對我們依賴,甚於我們依賴他們。 (掌聲)
瞧,我拒絕相信我們生活在一個不可避免中國的時代,某些陷阱(按:修昔底德陷阱)是預設的,中共至上是未來。我們的方法不是注定失敗的,因為美國正在衰落。正如我在今年早些時候在慕尼黑說的那樣,自由世界仍在勝利的一方。我們只需要相信它,就明白它並為此感到自豪。來自世界各地的人們仍然希望加入開放社會。他們來到這裡學習,來到這里工作,來到這里為家人謀生。他們並不想留在中國。
是時候了。今天很高興來到這裡。這是完美的時機。現在是自由國家採取行動的時候了。並非每個國家都將以同樣的方式對待中國,也不應該。每個國家都必須對如何保護自己的主權,如何保護自己的經濟繁榮以及如何保護自己的理想不受中國共產黨的觸碰而有所了解。
但是我呼籲每個國家的每一個領導人—如美國所先行的—簡單地堅持互惠,堅持中國共產黨的透明度和問責制。
這些簡單而強大的標準將取得很大的成就。太長時間了,我們讓中共制定交往條款,但不再這樣做。自由國家必須定下基調。
我們必須遵循相同的原則。我們必須在沙子上劃出共同的界線,而這不能被中共的討價還價或他們的野蠻沖走。確實,這就是美國最近所做的事情,因為我們一勞永逸地拒絕了中國在南中國海的非法主張,因為我們已敦促各國成為廉潔國家,以免其公民的私人信息落在手裡中國共產黨。我們通過制定標準來做到這一點。
現在,這確實很困難。對於一些小國家來說很難。他們害怕被人欺負。因此,其中一些人根本沒有能力,沒有勇氣暫時與我們站在一起。的確,我們與北約的盟友並未以其對香港的立場站起來,因為他們擔心北京會限制中國市場的准入。這種膽怯會導致歷史性的失敗,我們無法重複。
我們不能重複過去幾年的錯誤。中國面臨的挑戰要求民主國家發揮作用和精力,民主國家包括歐洲,非洲,南美,尤其是印度太平洋地區。
而且,如果我們現在不採取行動,那麼中共最終將侵蝕我們的自由,並顛覆我們的社會努力建立的基於法規的秩序。如果我們現在屈膝,我們孩子的孩子可能會受到中國共產黨的擺佈,中國共產黨的行動是當今自由世界中的主要挑戰。
習近平總書記註定不會永遠在中國內外施暴,除非我們允許
現在,這與圍堵無關。不要相信這策略。這是我們從未遇到過的複雜的新挑戰。蘇聯與自由世界隔絕了。共產主義中國已經在我們的邊界之內。
因此,我們不能獨自面對這一挑戰。聯合國,北約,七國集團國家,二十國集團,我們的經濟,外交和軍事力量合力,如果我們清楚明確地並勇往直前,無疑足以應付這一挑戰。
也許是時候讓志趣相投的國家組成一個新的團體,一個新的民主國家聯盟了。
我們有工具。我知道我們可以做到。現在我們需要意志。引用聖經經文,我問“要警醒禱告,免得陷入試探。你們心靈雖然願意,肉體卻是軟弱的。”
如果自由世界沒有改變 —沒有改變,共產主義中國一定會改變我們。無法因為舒適或便利而返回到過去的做法。
確保我們脫離中國共產黨的自由是我們這個時代的使命,而美國完全有能力領導它,
因為我們的建國原則為我們提供了這一機會。正如我上週在費城站立時所看到的那樣,注視著獨立廳,我們的國家建立在所有人類都擁有不可剝奪的某些權利的前提下。
確保這些權利是我們政府的工作。這是一個簡單而有力的真理。它使我們成為全世界人民的自由燈塔,包括中國境內的人。
確實,尼克遜在1967年寫道“除非中國改變,否則世界是不安全的”是正確的。現在我們該聽他的話了。
今天的危機已經明確了。
今天,覺醒正在發生。
今天,自由世界必須作出回應。
我們永遠無法回到過去。
願上帝保佑你們每個人。
願上帝保佑中國人民。'
願上帝保佑美利堅合眾國人民。
謝謝你們。(掌聲)
Thank you. Thank you all. Thank you, Governor, for that very, very generous introduction. It is true: When you walk in that gym and you say the name “Pompeo,” there is a whisper. I had a brother, Mark, who was really good – a really good basketball player.
And how about another round of applause for the Blue Eagles Honor Guard and Senior Airman Kayla Highsmith, and her wonderful rendition of the national anthem? (Applause.)
Thank you, too, to Pastor Laurie for that moving prayer, and I want to thank Hugh Hewitt and the Nixon Foundation for your invitation to speak at this important American institution. It was great to be sung to by an Air Force person, introduced by a Marine, and they let the Army guy in in front of the Navy guy’s house. (Laughter.) It’s all good.
It’s an honor to be here in Yorba Linda, where Nixon’s father built the house in which he was born and raised.
To all the Nixon Center board and staff who made today possible – it’s difficult in these times – thanks for making this day possible for me and for my team.
We are blessed to have some incredibly special people in the audience, including Chris, who I’ve gotten to know – Chris Nixon. I also want to thank Tricia Nixon and Julie Nixon Eisenhower for their support of this visit as well.
I want to recognize several courageous Chinese dissidents who have joined us here today and made a long trip.
And to all the other distinguished guests – (applause) – to all the other distinguished guests, thank you for being here. For those of you who got under the tent, you must have paid extra.
And those of you watching live, thank you for tuning in.
And finally, as the governor mentioned, I was born here in Santa Ana, not very far from here. I’ve got my sister and her husband in the audience today. Thank you all for coming out. I bet you never thought that I’d be standing up here.
My remarks today are the fourth set of remarks in a series of China speeches that I asked National Security Advisor Robert O’Brien, FBI Director Chris Wray, and the Attorney General Barr to deliver alongside me.
We had a very clear purpose, a real mission. It was to explain the different facets of America’s relationship with China, the massive imbalances in that relationship that have built up over decades, and the Chinese Communist Party’s designs for hegemony.
Our goal was to make clear that the threats to Americans that President Trump’s China policy aims to address are clear and our strategy for securing those freedoms established.
Ambassador O’Brien spoke about ideology. FBI Director Wray talked about espionage. Attorney General Barr spoke about economics. And now my goal today is to put it all together for the American people and detail what the China threat means for our economy, for our liberty, and indeed for the future of free democracies around the world.
Next year marks half a century since Dr. Kissinger’s secret mission to China, and the 50th anniversary of President Nixon’s trip isn’t too far away in 2022.
The world was much different then.
We imagined engagement with China would produce a future with bright promise of comity and cooperation.
But today – today we’re all still wearing masks and watching the pandemic’s body count rise because the CCP failed in its promises to the world. We’re reading every morning new headlines of repression in Hong Kong and in Xinjiang.
We’re seeing staggering statistics of Chinese trade abuses that cost American jobs and strike enormous blows to the economies all across America, including here in southern California. And we’re watching a Chinese military that grows stronger and stronger, and indeed more menacing.
I’ll echo the questions ringing in the hearts and minds of Americans from here in California to my home state of Kansas and beyond:
What do the American people have to show now 50 years on from engagement with China?
Did the theories of our leaders that proposed a Chinese evolution towards freedom and democracy prove to be true?
Is this China’s definition of a win-win situation?
And indeed, centrally, from the Secretary of State’s perspective, is America safer? Do we have a greater likelihood of peace for ourselves and peace for the generations which will follow us?
Look, we have to admit a hard truth. We must admit a hard truth that should guide us in the years and decades to come, that if we want to have a free 21st century, and not the Chinese century of which Xi Jinping dreams, the old paradigm of blind engagement with China simply won’t get it done. We must not continue it and we must not return to it.
As President Trump has made very clear, we need a strategy that protects the American economy, and indeed our way of life. The free world must triumph over this new tyranny.
Now, before I seem too eager to tear down President Nixon’s legacy, I want to be clear that he did what he believed was best for the American people at the time, and he may well have been right.
He was a brilliant student of China, a fierce cold warrior, and a tremendous admirer of the Chinese people, just as I think we all are.
He deserves enormous credit for realizing that China was too important to be ignored, even when the nation was weakened because of its own self-inflicted communist brutality.
In 1967, in a very famous Foreign Affairs article, Nixon explained his future strategy. Here’s what he said:
He said, “Taking the long view, we simply cannot afford to leave China forever outside of the family of nations…The world cannot be safe until China changes. Thus, our aim – to the extent we can, we must influence events. Our goal should be to induce change.”
And I think that’s the key phrase from the entire article: “to induce change.”
So, with that historic trip to Beijing, President Nixon kicked off our engagement strategy. He nobly sought a freer and safer world, and he hoped that the Chinese Communist Party would return that commitment.
As time went on, American policymakers increasingly presumed that as China became more prosperous, it would open up, it would become freer at home, and indeed present less of a threat abroad, it’d be friendlier. It all seemed, I am sure, so inevitable.
But that age of inevitability is over. The kind of engagement we have been pursuing has not brought the kind of change inside of China that President Nixon had hoped to induce.
The truth is that our policies – and those of other free nations – resurrected China’s failing economy, only to see Beijing bite the international hands that were feeding it.
We opened our arms to Chinese citizens, only to see the Chinese Communist Party exploit our free and open society. China sent propagandists into our press conferences, our research centers, our high-schools, our colleges, and even into our PTA meetings.
We marginalized our friends in Taiwan, which later blossomed into a vigorous democracy.
We gave the Chinese Communist Party and the regime itself special economic treatment, only to see the CCP insist on silence over its human rights abuses as the price of admission for Western companies entering China.
Ambassador O’Brien ticked off a few examples just the other day: Marriott, American Airlines, Delta, United all removed references to Taiwan from their corporate websites, so as not to anger Beijing.
In Hollywood, not too far from here – the epicenter of American creative freedom, and self-appointed arbiters of social justice – self-censors even the most mildly unfavorable reference to China.
This corporate acquiescence to the CCP happens all over the world, too.
And how has this corporate fealty worked? Is its flattery rewarded? I’ll give you a quote from the speech that General Barr gave, Attorney General Barr. In a speech last week, he said that “The ultimate ambition of China’s rulers isn’t to trade with the United States. It is to raid the United States.”
China ripped off our prized intellectual property and trade secrets, causing millions of jobs[1] all across America.
It sucked supply chains away from America, and then added a widget made of slave labor.
It made the world’s key waterways less safe for international commerce.
President Nixon once said he feared he had created a “Frankenstein” by opening the world to the CCP, and here we are.
Now, people of good faith can debate why free nations allowed these bad things to happen for all these years. Perhaps we were naive about China’s virulent strain of communism, or triumphalist after our victory in the Cold War, or cravenly capitalist, or hoodwinked by Beijing’s talk of a “peaceful rise.”
Whatever the reason – whatever the reason, today China is increasingly authoritarian at home, and more aggressive in its hostility to freedom everywhere else.
And President Trump has said: enough.
I don’t think many people on either side of the aisle dispute the facts that I have laid out today. But even now, some are insisting that we preserve the model of dialogue for dialogue’s sake.
Now, to be clear, we’ll keep on talking. But the conversations are different these days. I traveled to Honolulu now just a few weeks back to meet with Yang Jiechi.
It was the same old story – plenty of words, but literally no offer to change any of the behaviors.
Yang’s promises, like so many the CCP made before him, were empty. His expectations, I surmise, were that I’d cave to their demands, because frankly this is what too many prior administrations have done. I didn’t, and President Trump will not either.
As Ambassador O’Brien explained so well, we have to keep in mind that the CCP regime is a Marxist-Leninist regime. General Secretary Xi Jinping is a true believer in a bankrupt totalitarian ideology.
It’s this ideology, it’s this ideology that informs his decades-long desire for global hegemony of Chinese communism. America can no longer ignore the fundamental political and ideological differences between our countries, just as the CCP has never ignored them.
My experience in the House Intelligence Committee, and then as director of the Central Intelligence Agency, and my now two-plus years as America’s Secretary of State have led me to this central understanding:
That the only way – the only way to truly change communist China is to act not on the basis of what Chinese leaders say, but how they behave. And you can see American policy responding to this conclusion. President Reagan said that he dealt with the Soviet Union on the basis of “trust but verify.” When it comes to the CCP, I say we must distrust and verify. (Applause.)
We, the freedom-loving nations of the world, must induce China to change, just as President Nixon wanted. We must induce China to change in more creative and assertive ways, because Beijing’s actions threaten our people and our prosperity.
We must start by changing how our people and our partners perceive the Chinese Communist Party. We have to tell the truth. We can’t treat this incarnation of China as a normal country, just like any other.
We know that trading with China is not like trading with a normal, law-abiding nation. Beijing threatens international agreements as – treats international suggestions as – or agreements as suggestions, as conduits for global dominance.
But by insisting on fair terms, as our trade representative did when he secured our phase one trade deal, we can force China to reckon with its intellectual property theft and policies that harmed American workers.
We know too that doing business with a CCP-backed company is not the same as doing business with, say, a Canadian company. They don’t answer to independent boards, and many of them are state-sponsored and so have no need to pursue profits.
A good example is Huawei. We stopped pretending Huawei is an innocent telecommunications company that’s just showing up to make sure you can talk to your friends. We’ve called it what it is – a true national security threat – and we’ve taken action accordingly.
We know too that if our companies invest in China, they may wittingly or unwittingly support the Communist Party’s gross human rights violations.
Our Departments of Treasury and Commerce have thus sanctioned and blacklisted Chinese leaders and entities that are harming and abusing the most basic rights for people all across the world. Several agencies have worked together on a business advisory to make certain our CEOs are informed of how their supply chains are behaving inside of China.
We know too, we know too that not all Chinese students and employees are just normal students and workers that are coming here to make a little bit of money and to garner themselves some knowledge. Too many of them come here to steal our intellectual property and to take this back to their country.
The Department of Justice and other agencies have vigorously pursued punishment for these crimes.
We know that the People’s Liberation Army is not a normal army, too. Its purpose is to uphold the absolute rule of the Chinese Communist Party elites and expand a Chinese empire, not to protect the Chinese people.
And so our Department of Defense has ramped up its efforts, freedom of navigation operations out and throughout the East and South China Seas, and in the Taiwan Strait as well. And we’ve created a Space Force to help deter China from aggression on that final frontier.
And so too, frankly, we’ve built out a new set of policies at the State Department dealing with China, pushing President Trump’s goals for fairness and reciprocity, to rewrite the imbalances that have grown over decades.
Just this week, we announced the closure of the Chinese consulate in Houston because it was a hub of spying and intellectual property theft. (Applause.)
We reversed, two weeks ago, eight years of cheek-turning with respect to international law in the South China Sea.
We’ve called on China to conform its nuclear capabilities to the strategic realities of our time.
And the State Department – at every level, all across the world – has engaged with our Chinese counterparts simply to demand fairness and reciprocity.
But our approach can’t just be about getting tough. That’s unlikely to achieve the outcome that we desire. We must also engage and empower the Chinese people – a dynamic, freedom-loving people who are completely distinct from the Chinese Communist Party.
That begins with in-person diplomacy. (Applause.) I’ve met Chinese men and women of great talent and diligence wherever I go.
I’ve met with Uyghurs and ethnic Kazakhs who escaped Xinjiang’s concentration camps. I’ve talked with Hong Kong’s democracy leaders, from Cardinal Zen to Jimmy Lai. Two days ago in London, I met with Hong Kong freedom fighter Nathan Law.
And last month in my office, I heard the stories of Tiananmen Square survivors. One of them is here today.
Wang Dan was a key student who has never stopped fighting for freedom for the Chinese people. Mr. Wang, will you please stand so that we may recognize you? (Applause.)
Also with us today is the father of the Chinese democracy movement, Wei Jingsheng. He spent decades in Chinese labor camps for his advocacy. Mr. Wei, will you please stand? (Applause.)
I grew up and served my time in the Army during the Cold War. And if there is one thing I learned, communists almost always lie. The biggest lie that they tell is to think that they speak for 1.4 billion people who are surveilled, oppressed, and scared to speak out.
Quite the contrary. The CCP fears the Chinese people’s honest opinions more than any foe, and save for losing their own grip on power, they have reason – no reason to.
Just think how much better off the world would be – not to mention the people inside of China – if we had been able to hear from the doctors in Wuhan and they’d been allowed to raise the alarm about the outbreak of a new and novel virus.
For too many decades, our leaders have ignored, downplayed the words of brave Chinese dissidents who warned us about the nature of the regime we’re facing.
And we can’t ignore it any longer. They know as well as anyone that we can never go back to the status quo.
But changing the CCP’s behavior cannot be the mission of the Chinese people alone. Free nations have to work to defend freedom. It’s the furthest thing from easy.
But I have faith we can do it. I have faith because we’ve done it before. We know how this goes.
I have faith because the CCP is repeating some of the same mistakes that the Soviet Union made – alienating potential allies, breaking trust at home and abroad, rejecting property rights and predictable rule of law.
I have faith. I have faith because of the awakening I see among other nations that know we can’t go back to the past in the same way that we do here in America. I’ve heard this from Brussels, to Sydney, to Hanoi.
And most of all, I have faith we can defend freedom because of the sweet appeal of freedom itself.
Look at the Hong Kongers clamoring to emigrate abroad as the CCP tightens its grip on that proud city. They wave American flags.
It’s true, there are differences. Unlike the Soviet Union, China is deeply integrated into the global economy. But Beijing is more dependent on us than we are on them. (Applause.)
Look, I reject the notion that we’re living in an age of inevitability, that some trap is pre-ordained, that CCP supremacy is the future. Our approach isn’t destined to fail because America is in decline. As I said in Munich earlier this year, the free world is still winning. We just need to believe it and know it and be proud of it. People from all over the world still want to come to open societies. They come here to study, they come here to work, they come here to build a life for their families. They’re not desperate to settle in China.
It’s time. It’s great to be here today. The timing is perfect. It’s time for free nations to act. Not every nation will approach China in the same way, nor should they. Every nation will have to come to its own understanding of how to protect its own sovereignty, how to protect its own economic prosperity, and how to protect its ideals from the tentacles of the Chinese Communist Party.
But I call on every leader of every nation to start by doing what America has done – to simply insist on reciprocity, to insist on transparency and accountability from the Chinese Communist Party. It’s a cadre of rulers that are far from homogeneous.
And these simple and powerful standards will achieve a great deal. For too long we let the CCP set the terms of engagement, but no longer. Free nations must set the tone. We must operate on the same principles.
We have to draw common lines in the sand that cannot be washed away by the CCP’s bargains or their blandishments. Indeed, this is what the United States did recently when we rejected China’s unlawful claims in the South China Sea once and for all, as we have urged countries to become Clean Countries so that their citizens’ private information doesn’t end up in the hand of the Chinese Communist Party. We did it by setting standards.
Now, it’s true, it’s difficult. It’s difficult for some small countries. They fear being picked off. Some of them for that reason simply don’t have the ability, the courage to stand with us for the moment.
Indeed, we have a NATO ally of ours that hasn’t stood up in the way that it needs to with respect to Hong Kong because they fear Beijing will restrict access to China’s market. This is the kind of timidity that will lead to historic failure, and we can’t repeat it.
We cannot repeat the mistakes of these past years. The challenge of China demands exertion, energy from democracies – those in Europe, those in Africa, those in South America, and especially those in the Indo-Pacific region.
And if we don’t act now, ultimately the CCP will erode our freedoms and subvert the rules-based order that our societies have worked so hard to build. If we bend the knee now, our children’s children may be at the mercy of the Chinese Communist Party, whose actions are the primary challenge today in the free world.
General Secretary Xi is not destined to tyrannize inside and outside of China forever, unless we allow it.
Now, this isn’t about containment. Don’t buy that. It’s about a complex new challenge that we’ve never faced before. The USSR was closed off from the free world. Communist China is already within our borders.
So we can’t face this challenge alone. The United Nations, NATO, the G7 countries, the G20, our combined economic, diplomatic, and military power is surely enough to meet this challenge if we direct it clearly and with great courage.
Maybe it’s time for a new grouping of like-minded nations, a new alliance of democracies.
We have the tools. I know we can do it. Now we need the will. To quote scripture, I ask is “our spirit willing but our flesh weak?”
If the free world doesn’t change – doesn’t change, communist China will surely change us. There can’t be a return to the past practices because they’re comfortable or because they’re convenient.
Securing our freedoms from the Chinese Communist Party is the mission of our time, and America is perfectly positioned to lead it because our founding principles give us that opportunity.
As I explained in Philadelphia last week, standing, staring at Independence Hall, our nation was founded on the premise that all human beings possess certain rights that are unalienable.
And it’s our government’s job to secure those rights. It is a simple and powerful truth. It’s made us a beacon of freedom for people all around the world, including people inside of China.
Indeed, Richard Nixon was right when he wrote in 1967 that “the world cannot be safe until China changes.” Now it’s up to us to heed his words.
Today the danger is clear.
And today the awakening is happening.
Today the free world must respond.
We can never go back to the past.
May God bless each of you.
May God bless the Chinese people.
And may God bless the people of the United States of America.
Thank you all.
(Applause.)
河內尋寶記 在 Cynthia Wong 黃意雅 Youtube 的精選貼文
Everyday cover challenge,
start from 1/10/2020.
#Day33
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//想起家園留住愛
引領腳步尋回力量//
堅持從來不是一件輕易的事。
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DAY 33 - 長河盪樣 [All is Found]
冷風飛越 這大海
流進心裡 憶記在河內
寶寶安睡尋夢去
你會發現從前現在
望向水上 似夢鄉
留個方向 光照在途上
彷彿歌謠沿路唱
似有故事長河盪漾
長河 像心曲敲心窗
飄飄歌聲 夢幻奏響
唯求 是你不必畏懼
歲月長 在長河遇上
冷風飛越 這大海
流進心裡 憶記在河內
想起家園留住愛
引領腳步尋回力量
Cover Produced by Cynthia
Music Mixed by Cynthia
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#cover #hongkong
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河內尋寶記 在 《尋寶記》系列你看過幾本?周遊各國尋寶秒陷童年回憶殺 的推薦與評價
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河內尋寶記 在 《尋寶記》系列你看過幾本?周遊各國尋寶秒陷童年回憶殺 的推薦與評價
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