關於 追溯英文片語 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

[時事英文] 紐約時報報導: 武漢冠狀病毒*

The mysterious coronavirus that has killed at least four people and sickened more than 200 in China is capable of spreading from person to person, a prominent Chinese scientist said on Monday, adding to fears of a broader epidemic.

一位著名的中國科學家於週一表示，已在中國造成至少四人死亡、超過200人患病的神秘冠狀病毒能夠在人際之間傳播。這加劇了人們對更大範圍疫情的擔憂。

1. the mysterious coronavirus 神秘的冠狀病毒
2. be capable of… 能夠
3. spread from person to person 人際之間傳播
4. a prominent scientist 著名的中國科學家
5. add to fears 加劇了擔憂
6. broader epidemic 更大範圍的疫情

*Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known by the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus.It is contagious in humans and is the cause of the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak, an epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has been designated a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_novel_coronavirus

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The authorities had previously said the deadly virus seemed capable of spreading only from animals to humans in most cases, tracing the outbreak to a market in Wuhan.

有關部門此前曾表示，多數情況下，這種致命病毒似乎只會從動物傳播給人類，並將疫情追溯到武漢的一個市場。

7. trace the outbreak to… 將疾病的爆發追溯到…

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“Now we can say it is certain that it is a human-to-human transmission phenomenon,” Zhong Nanshan, a scientist who is leading a government-appointed expert panel on the outbreak, said in an interview on state-run television on Monday.

「現在可以說，肯定有人傳人現象，」科學家鍾南山週一在國家電視台的採訪中說。他是政府指定的專家小組的負責人。

8. human-to-human transmission 人傳人
9. expert panel 專家小組
10. state-run television 國家電視台

★★★★★★★★★★★★

The World Health Organization announced Monday that it was convening an emergency meeting on Wednesday, Jan. 22, “to ascertain whether the outbreak constitutes a public health emergency of international concern, and what recommendations should be made to manage it.”

世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)週一宣布，將於1月22日（週三）召開緊急會議，「以確定此次疫情是否構成國際關注的突發公共衛生事件，以及應採取何種措施進行應對」。

11. convene an emergency meeting 召開緊急會議
12. ascertain whether… 確定…是否…
13. constitute 構成
14. a public health emergency 公共衛生緊急事件
15. International concern 國際關注
16. make recommendations 提出建議

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Symptoms of infection include a high fever, difficulty breathing and lung lesions. Milder cases may resemble the flu or a bad cold, making detection very difficult. The incubation period — the time from exposure to the onset of symptoms — is believed to be about two weeks.

感染癥狀包括高燒、呼吸困難和肺部病變。較輕的病例可能類似於流感或重感冒，使檢測非常困難。潛伏期——從接觸病毒到癥狀發作的時間——大約為兩週。

17. symptoms of the infection 感染癥狀
18. lung lesions 肺部病變，損傷
19. milder cases 較輕的病例
20. resemble 類似；與…相似
21. the incubation period 潛伏期*
22. from exposure to the onset of symptoms 從接觸病毒到癥狀發作

*http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1320192/

★★★★★★★★★★★★

To prevent the spread of respiratory infections, the W.H.O. recommends that people wash their hands regularly, cover their mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing, and avoid direct contact with farm or wild animals.

為防止呼吸道感染的傳播，世界衛生組織建議人們經常洗手，咳嗽和打噴嚏時捂住口鼻，避免同農場或野生的動物直接接觸。

23. respiratory infection 呼吸道感染
24. recommend that... 建議…
25. avoid direct contact with... 避免或…直接接觸

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Sources:

https://cn.nytimes.com/…/coronavirus-china-sy…/zh-hant/dual/

https://cn.nytimes.com/…/…/what-is-coronavirus/zh-hant/dual/

Image source: https://www.nytimes.com/20…/…/21/health/cdc-coronavirus.html

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接下來則是提供同學預防疾病相關的關鍵片語:

Set I. 我們從預防疾病(disease prevention)相關的詞彙組塊 (lexical chunks) 開始:

1. improve our hygiene (加強衛生)
2. wet (弄濕), lather (起泡), scrub (搓洗), rinse (洗淨), and dry our hands (擦乾我們的手)
3. cook poultry and pork thoroughly (煮熟雞肉和豬肉)
4. refrigerate all leftovers (冷藏剩菜)
5. get vaccinated (注射預防針)
6. develop an immunity to (對…產生免疫)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Set II. 當我們生病時我們應該用甚麼相關的詞彙組塊來表達?

1. contract a disease (感染一種病)
2. receive treatment (接受治療 )
3. seek help from a medical professional (尋求專業醫療照護)
4. do not diagnose our own illnesses (不要自行診斷)
5. follow the doctor’s orders (聽從醫師的指示)
6. take our medication and follow the prescription (遵循處方吃藥)
7. follow the prescribed course of treatment (遵循處方治療)
8. not finishing the prescription may slow down the healing process (沒吃完處方簽藥物可能會延緩復原的時間 )
9. cause germs to develop antibiotic resistance (導致細菌產生抗藥性)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Set III. 以下是與流行疾病相關的詞彙組塊:

1. contain an outbreak (阻止疫情的爆發)
2. contagious disease (傳染病)
3. an epidemic (流行病)
4. a pandemic (國家疫情爆發或擴散)
5. a global pandemic (國家和全世界的流行病)
6. avoid touching our mouths, noses, or eyes (避免觸碰我們的口鼻眼)
7. cover our mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing (咳嗽或打噴嚏時請遮口鼻)
8. avoid crowded places (避免前往人多的地方)
9. reduce human transmission 減少人類傳染
10. stay home if you show signs of illness (若感到不適請留在家中)
11. develop symptoms of the diseases (產生生病症狀)
12. seek medical attention by contacting your health care provider (與您的醫療服務提供者聯絡尋求醫療協助)
13. have severe symptoms (有嚴重的症狀)
14. difficulty in breathing (難以呼吸)
15. wear a surgical mask (使用外科口罩)
16. reduce chances of contracting a disease (避免染上疾病)
17. pay attention to public announcements about the disease (注意關於疫情的公告)
18. be prepared for possible pandemics (對於疫情爆發要有準備)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Set IV. 最後我們要如何保持健康的詞彙組塊:

1. stay healthy (保持健康)
2. mentally healthy (心理上的健康)
3. understand our own emotions (認識與了解自己的情緒)
4. talk to others about problems such as depressions
(與其他人談談自己的問題，如情緒低落或憂鬱)
5. stay socially healthy (維持社交上的健康)
6. maintain good relationships (維持良好的關係)
7. stay physically healthy (維持生理上的健康)
8. exercise regularly (定期地運動)
9. get plenty of rest (有充足的休息)
10. maintain healthy eating habits (保持健康飲食習慣)
11. eat nutritious meals (每餐要吃得營養)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

保健心智圖: https://goo.gl/seqt5k

保健相關單字: https://wp.me/p44l9b-Tt (+mp3)

時事英文大全: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1Y8

[時事英文] 紐約時報報導: 新型冠狀病毒*

The mysterious coronavirus that has killed at least four people and sickened more than 200 in China is capable of spreading from person to person, a prominent Chinese scientist said on Monday, adding to fears of a broader epidemic.

一位著名的中國科學家於週一表示，已在中國造成至少四人死亡、超過200人患病的神秘冠狀病毒能夠在人際之間傳播。這加劇了人們對更大範圍疫情的擔憂。

1. the mysterious coronavirus 神秘的冠狀病毒
2. be capable of… 能夠
3. spread from person to person 人際之間傳播
4. a prominent scientist 著名的中國科學家
5. add to fears 加劇了擔憂
6. broader epidemic 更大範圍的疫情

*Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known by the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus.It is contagious in humans and is the cause of the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak, an epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has been designated a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_novel_coronavirus

★★★★★★★★★★★★

The authorities had previously said the deadly virus seemed capable of spreading only from animals to humans in most cases, tracing the outbreak to a market in Wuhan.

有關部門此前曾表示，多數情況下，這種致命病毒似乎只會從動物傳播給人類，並將疫情追溯到武漢的一個市場。

7. trace the outbreak to… 將疾病的爆發追溯到…

★★★★★★★★★★★★

“Now we can say it is certain that it is a human-to-human transmission phenomenon,” Zhong Nanshan, a scientist who is leading a government-appointed expert panel on the outbreak, said in an interview on state-run television on Monday.

「現在可以說，肯定有人傳人現象，」科學家鍾南山週一在國家電視台的採訪中說。他是政府指定的專家小組的負責人。

8. human-to-human transmission 人傳人
9. expert panel 專家小組
10. state-run television 國家電視台

★★★★★★★★★★★★

The World Health Organization announced Monday that it was convening an emergency meeting on Wednesday, Jan. 22, “to ascertain whether the outbreak constitutes a public health emergency of international concern, and what recommendations should be made to manage it.”

世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)週一宣布，將於1月22日（週三）召開緊急會議，「以確定此次疫情是否構成國際關注的突發公共衛生事件，以及應採取何種措施進行應對」。

11. convene an emergency meeting 召開緊急會議
12. ascertain whether… 確定…是否…
13. constitute 構成
14. a public health emergency 公共衛生緊急事件
15. International concern 國際關注
16. make recommendations 提出建議

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Symptoms of infection include a high fever, difficulty breathing and lung lesions. Milder cases may resemble the flu or a bad cold, making detection very difficult. The incubation period — the time from exposure to the onset of symptoms — is believed to be about two weeks.

感染癥狀包括高燒、呼吸困難和肺部病變。較輕的病例可能類似於流感或重感冒，使檢測非常困難。潛伏期——從接觸病毒到癥狀發作的時間——大約為兩週。

17. symptoms of the infection 感染癥狀
18. lung lesions 肺部病變，損傷
19. milder cases 較輕的病例
20. resemble 類似；與…相似
21. the incubation period 潛伏期*
22. from exposure to the onset of symptoms 從接觸病毒到癥狀發作

*http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1320192/

★★★★★★★★★★★★

To prevent the spread of respiratory infections, the W.H.O. recommends that people wash their hands regularly, cover their mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing, and avoid direct contact with farm or wild animals.

為防止呼吸道感染的傳播，世界衛生組織建議人們經常洗手，咳嗽和打噴嚏時捂住口鼻，避免同農場或野生的動物直接接觸。

23. respiratory infection 呼吸道感染
24. recommend that... 建議…
25. avoid direct contact with... 避免或…直接接觸

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Sources:

https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20200121/coronavirus-china-symptoms/zh-hant/dual/

https://cn.nytimes.com/health/20200122/what-is-coronavirus/zh-hant/dual/

Image source: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/21/health/cdc-coronavirus.html

★★★★★★★★★★★★

★★★★★★★★★★★★

接下來則是提供同學預防疾病相關的關鍵片語:

Set I. 我們從預防疾病(disease prevention)相關的詞彙組塊 (lexical chunks) 開始:

1. improve our hygiene (加強衛生)
2. wet (弄濕), lather (起泡), scrub (搓洗), rinse (洗淨), and dry our hands (擦乾我們的手)
3. cook poultry and pork thoroughly (煮熟雞肉和豬肉)
4. refrigerate all leftovers (冷藏剩菜)
5. get vaccinated (注射預防針)
6. develop an immunity to (對…產生免疫)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Set II. 當我們生病時我們應該用甚麼相關的詞彙組塊來表達?

1. contract a disease (感染一種病)
2. receive treatment (接受治療 )
3. seek help from a medical professional (尋求專業醫療照護)
4. do not diagnose our own illnesses (不要自行診斷)
5. follow the doctor’s orders (聽從醫師的指示)
6. take our medication and follow the prescription (遵循處方吃藥)
7. follow the prescribed course of treatment (遵循處方治療)
8. not finishing the prescription may slow down the healing process (沒吃完處方簽藥物可能會延緩復原的時間 )
9. cause germs to develop antibiotic resistance (導致細菌產生抗藥性)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Set III. 以下是與流行疾病相關的詞彙組塊:

1. contain an outbreak (阻止疫情的爆發)
2. contagious disease (傳染病)
3. an epidemic (流行病)
4. a pandemic (國家疫情爆發或擴散)
5. a global pandemic (國家和全世界的流行病)
6. avoid touching our mouths, noses, or eyes (避免觸碰我們的口鼻眼)
7. cover our mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing (咳嗽或打噴嚏時請遮口鼻)
8. avoid crowded places (避免前往人多的地方)
9. reduce human transmission 減少人類傳染
10. stay home if you show signs of illness (若感到不適請留在家中)
11. develop symptoms of the diseases (產生生病症狀)
12. seek medical attention by contacting your health care provider (與您的醫療服務提供者聯絡尋求醫療協助)
13. have severe symptoms (有嚴重的症狀)
14. difficulty in breathing (難以呼吸)
15. wear a surgical mask (使用外科口罩)
16. reduce chances of contracting a disease (避免染上疾病)
17. pay attention to public announcements about the disease (注意關於疫情的公告)
18. be prepared for possible pandemics (對於疫情爆發要有準備)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Set IV. 最後我們要如何保持健康的詞彙組塊:

1. stay healthy (保持健康)
2. mentally healthy (心理上的健康)
3. understand our own emotions (認識與了解自己的情緒)
4. talk to others about problems such as depressions
(與其他人談談自己的問題，如情緒低落或憂鬱)
5. stay socially healthy (維持社交上的健康)
6. maintain good relationships (維持良好的關係)
7. stay physically healthy (維持生理上的健康)
8. exercise regularly (定期地運動)
9. get plenty of rest (有充足的休息)
10. maintain healthy eating habits (保持健康飲食習慣)
11. eat nutritious meals (每餐要吃得營養)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

保健心智圖: https://goo.gl/seqt5k

保健相關單字: https://wp.me/p44l9b-Tt (+mp3)

時事英文大全: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1Y8

9 common phrases you didn't know have dark origin stories
九個擁有不為人知黑暗背景的英文片語

Riding shotgun真的跟霰彈槍有關
"Riding shotgun" is the ideal place to ride during on a road trip. But in the Old West, the person sitting in the passenger seat was required to do a whole lot more than find the perfect radio station.
在現代，riding shotgun指的是汽車上路旅行的理想座位，也就是副駕駛座。在從前的美國西部，副駕駛座上的人要做的可不僅僅是調到一個好電臺那麼簡單。
Stagecoach drivers in the Old West needed a person to literally "ride shotgun." The passenger would carry a shotgun in order to scare off robbers who might want to attack them, according to Reader's Digest.
根據美國雜誌《讀者文摘》的文章表示，過去在美國西部趕馬車的人需要有人在旅行途中保護駕駛。副駕駛座上的人要手持霰彈槍來嚇阻想要攻擊馬車的強盜。

Highway robbery真的是搶劫
Most people would agree that paying $10 for your favorite cup of coffee is highway robbery. But the original definition of highway robbery once meant literally robbing travelers on or near the highway. The first known usage of the phrase was in 1611.
多數人會認同一杯可口的咖啡要價10美元（310元新台幣）是highway robbery（敲竹槓）。但是highway robbery原來的意思就是在公路上或公路附近搶劫旅客。這個片語的使用最早出現於1611年。

Painting the town red來自醉鬼的惡行
For you and your crew, "painting the town red" probably means getting glammed up for a fun night of drinks and dancing. However, the phrase originates from a night out that makes dancing on the bar seem tame.
對你和你的朋友們來說，painting the town red的意思是打扮得光鮮亮麗，晚上出去喝酒、跳舞。但是，這個片語原本的意思比在酒吧跳舞還要勁爆多了。
Back in 1837, the Marquis of Waterford went out for a night of drinking with some of his friends, according to Phrases.org. Afterward, the group went through the streets of a small English town destroying property. They broke windows, knocked over flower pots, and damaged door knockers. But things got really crazy when they got their hands on some red paint and literally painted the town red, including doors, a tollgate, and a swan statue.
http://xn--phrases-901ow6v.org/ 網站的記載，1837年，沃特福德侯爵和幾個朋友夜出喝酒，後來他們經過一個英格蘭小鎮的街道時開始搞破壞：砸碎窗戶、打翻花盆、損壞門環。這些酒鬼拿到了一些紅油漆後，局面就開始失控了，酒鬼們把整個城鎮都塗成了紅色，包括門、一道關卡和一座天鵝雕像。

Pulling someone’s leg並不總是在開玩笑
You probably think that pulling someone's leg is all in good fun. After all, what's the harm in a little joke, right? This commonly used phrase that today means playing an innocent joke meant something a lot more sinister years ago.
你大概以為pulling someone's leg（開某人的玩笑）都很好玩。畢竟，開個小玩笑無傷大雅。這個常用片語在今天的意思是開個沒有惡意的玩笑，但多年前的意思卻邪惡得多了。
Thieves in 18th and 19th Century London would drag their victims to the ground by their legs in order to rob them, according to Phrases.org.
http://xn--phrases-901ow6v.org/ 網站的記載，18和19世紀時，倫敦的小偷會拉住受害人的腿將其拖倒在地，然後搶劫財物。

Paying through the nose北歐海盜真的做得出
You won't be happy if you think you're paying through the nose for something. Although you may feel like you're getting ripped off, at least you get to keep your face intact. The roots of this commonly used idiom come from a brutal tactic of The Dane Vikings of slitting someone's nose from tip to eyebrow if the person refused to pay their tax, according to Grammarist.
如果你覺得自己paying through the nose for something（為某件東西花了很多錢），肯定高興不起來。不過，就算被「剝皮」，至少你的臉是完好無損的。根據Grammarist網站記載，這個常用片語來自於北歐海盜的一種殘酷手段，如果有人拒絕交稅，就將此人的鼻子從鼻頭到眉毛間劃開。

如果有人read you the riot act 那你就有大麻煩了
After your parents "read you the riot act" for breaking curfew, you might have been facing a few weeks in your room without a television. But in 18th Century England, being read the Riot Act meant you could be facing time behind bars.
如果你的父母因為你深夜不歸而read you the riot act（責罰你），你可能將面臨幾星期的禁足，還不能看電視。但是在18世紀的英格蘭，being read the Riot Act（宣讀《暴動法案》）代表著你可能要進監獄。
The Riot Act was implemented in 1715 and stated that the British government could consider any group of 12 or more people a threat to public safety and be ordered to break up, according to Atlas Obscura. Anyone refusing to disperse could be arrested or forcibly removed from the premises.
據Atlas Obscura網站記載，1715年實施的《暴動法案》指出，英國政府將會把任何12人以上的團體視為對公共安全的威脅，並勒令其解散。任何拒絕解散的人將被逮捕或強行驅逐。

Letting the cat out of the bag可能是陰險的行為
Today, "letting the cat out of the bag" is used to mean spilling someone's secret. But one of the supposed origins of the phrase was rooted in deceit.
在現代，letting the cat out of the bag指的是洩露某人的秘密。但該片語的原意和欺騙有關。
Supposedly in Medieval times, farmers would go to markets to purchase pigs. Most of the time, their bag would contain the animal they paid for. But if they bought from a shady dealer, they would open their bag to find an unpleasant surprise - their pricey pig had been swapped for a much less expensive cat.
據說，在中世紀時期，農民會到集市去買豬。大多數時候，這些農民付錢後就會拿到裝在麻袋裡的豬。但如果他們是從不良商販那裡買的，農民打開麻袋後會驚愕地發現高價買來的豬居然被偷龍轉鳳成不值錢多的貓。
But as Mental Floss notes, there are quite a few holes with this theory.
不過，Mental Floss網站指出，這一說法漏洞百出。

Baker's dozen是為了查驗麵包師傅的誠信
You may be thankful to count on that 13th roll in your baker's dozen, but you can think a rather sinister rule for its creation.
從麵包師傅那裡買了一打麵包，結果一數有13個，你可能會挺感激的，但是baker's dozen的起源卻和一條殘忍的規定有關。
It all traces back to a 13th-century British rule called the Assize of Bread and Ale. The rule stated that if bakers were caught selling smaller or low-quality bread to customers, they could have their hands chopped off.
這要追溯到13世紀英國一項名為《麵包和麥酒法令》的法規。這條法規規定，如果麵包師傅被發現賣給顧客不足量或劣質的麵包，這些師傅們的雙手就會被剁掉。
That's why it was just easier to throw a 13th piece into the pile — thus creating the baker's dozen.
所以往一打麵包裡多放一個就更保險一些，於是，麵包師傅的一打（baker's dozen）就成了13個。

Meeting a deadline曾經真的是「死線」
When you get that big report to your boss on time, "meeting a deadline" is a good thing. But the phrase was coined during the American Civil War and had some deadly consequences.
如果你準時將重要報告交給領導，meeting a deadline就是好事。但這個片語是在美國南北戰爭期間被發明的，當時可是會招來致命的後果。
The deadline was apparently a line inside of the area where Federal prisoners of war were kept. If a prisoner attempted to cross the line, they would be shot, according to Bloomsbury International.
布魯姆斯伯里國際英語學校稱，很顯然，deadline是聯邦監獄中戰犯關押區內的一條線。如果有犯人試圖越過這條線，他們就會被槍斃。

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