加護病房查房日誌20150812
目前治療第二型糖尿病的藥品,主要是增加胰島素的可用率,包括: 直接給予胰島素,增加胰島素分泌,增加胰島素的感受性,其他還有延緩糖分在腸胃道的吸收或增加糖分於尿中的排除。
這幾年有些新藥,是以glucacon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)-based therapies,例如: dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP-4) inhibitors,GLP-1 receptor agonists,GLP-1是在小腸的L-cells的proglucagon gene製造,因有營養素而分泌,可以看圖一。他們影響血糖主要是透過: 增加glucose-dependent insulin secrection,減少胃排空,餐後glucagon和食物的吸收。
這幾天老師將幫大家,複習一下DPP-4 inhibitors之介紹,包括: 機轉,怎麼選擇,藥物個論和副作用的部分。主要參考文獻的來源是: uptodate: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus。
今天先講機轉喔, DPP-4 inhibitors顧名思義就是抑制DPP-4這個酵素,此酵素可以將許多bioactive peptides去活性,包括: GLP-1,所以使用DPP-4 inhibitors可以增加GLP-1的活性濃度。而增加glucose-dependent insulin secrection,減少胃排空,餐後glucagon和食物的吸收的效果,進而控制血糖。
市面上現在有的藥品包括: sitagliptin, saxaliptin, vildagliptin, Linagliptin, alogliptin等。
好了,今天就先上到這邊喔,我們明天見。
同時也有6部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過1,030的網紅Daily Health Wellness Center,也在其Youtube影片中提到,More Info Connect with Me in Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/drshsbd/ PROBLEM: Skipping breakfast is strongly correlated with weight gain. "Sta...
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diabetes mellitus treatment 在 快樂小藥師 Facebook 的最佳貼文
Pattern recognition receptors and danger-associated molecular patterns of the innate immune system contribute to the initiation of an inflammatory response in diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. In this Review, Jun Wada and Hirofumi Makino discuss how these components of the innate immune system can lead to insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and renal failure and describe signalling mediators and pathways that could be targeted for treatment. http://bit.ly/1Ng40Ys
diabetes mellitus treatment 在 快樂小藥師 Facebook 的精選貼文
Islet α cells produce glucagon, which is an important regulator of blood glucose levels under fasting conditions. Dysregulated glucagon secretion is hallmark of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, Campbell and Drucker review current understanding of α cells, and glucagon secretion and action in normal physiology and in diabetes mellitus. The consequences of selectively enhancing or attenuation glucagon action for treatment of T1DM and T2DM are also addressed. http://bit.ly/1IzJzCp
diabetes mellitus treatment 在 Daily Health Wellness Center Youtube 的最佳貼文
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PROBLEM: Skipping breakfast is strongly correlated with weight gain. "Start your day off right," right? Still, young people eat nearly half of their daily calories between 4 p.m. and midnight. So, eat breakfast, but what's best?
MEDICAL RESEARCH: An experiment out of the University of Missouri involved overweight or obese females, aged 18 to 20, who identified as infrequent breakfast eaters. Each morning for a week, the researchers had the participants eat either 350 calories of cereal (13 grams of protein), 350 calories of eggs and beef (35 grams of protein), or skip breakfast entirely.
RESULT: Eating any breakfast was associated with increased feelings of fullness, a reduced desire to eat, and lower levels of ghrelin (a hunger-stimulating hormone) throughout the morning. But meaty, eggy breakfast was associated with these benefits over the course of the entire day. Participants who had a lot of protein in the morning also had reductions in their "cravings-related" brain activity, and increased levels of a hormone associated with satiety. They snacked less on fatty foods in the evening, as compared to those who ate cereal or nothing.
CONCLUSION: This makes a pretty good MEDICAL PROOF that we should take a high-protein breakfast
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Obesity is in the rising trend in both developing and developed countries leading to several chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, heart attack, and stroke. In our eat-and-run, massive-portion-sized culture, maintaining a healthy weight can be tough—and losing weight, even tougher. If you’ve tried and failed to lose weight before, you may believe that diets don’t work for you. You’re probably right: traditional diets don’t work—at least not in the long term. However, there are plenty of small but powerful ways to avoid common dieting pitfalls, achieve lasting weight loss success, and develop a healthier relationship with food.
Our brain is structured to find happiness at every level. Happiness as the state of fulfillment, and everyone wants to be fulfilled. If you keep your eye on this, your most basic motivation, then the choices you make come down to a single question: “What am I hungry for?” Your true desire will lead you in the right direction. False desires lead in the wrong direction. You can take a simple test to prove this to yourself: The next time you go to the refrigerator for something to eat, stop for a second. What’s making you reach for food? There are only two answers:
You’re hungry and need to eat.
You’re trying to fill a hole, and food has become the quickest way to do that.
If you have a hole (unhappiness or dissatisfaction) in your mind (may be deep seated in your subconscious mind), you will subconsciously or consciously look for happiness. And, guess what will you be looking for? It’s food definitely.
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Diet can play an important role in lowering your cholesterol. Here are five foods that can lower your cholesterol and protect your heart.
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Learn more at: http://www.AnimatedDiabetesPatient.comThe goal of Type 2 Diabetes treatment is to safely keep blood glucose within the normal ... ... <看更多>