關於 kachru 1985 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

#11. Kachru Model “The Three Circles of English” | by Ana Valpa

For many sociolinguists the most important and accurate model is the one proposed by Braj Kachru in 1988. His “Three circle model of World Englishes”, states ...

#12. Looking under Kachru's (1982, 1985) three circles model of ...

Abstracts. This paper examines the pioneering model of World Englishes formulated by Kachru in the early 1980s that allocates the presence of English into three ...

#13. Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru, and Cecil L. Nelson (eds)

Kachru, B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle.

#14. World Englishes and English-Using Communities

由 BB Kachru 著作 · 1997 · 被引用 537 次 — Kachru, B. B. 1985a. Standards, codification, and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the Outer Circle. In Quirk, R. and Widdowson, H. G. (eds.) ...

#15. Discourse Strategies, Pragmatics and ESL: Where are we ...

The data are drawn from the non-native varieties of English — both institutionalized and performance (B. Kachru 1985). It is shown that in order to ...

#16. Airiti Library華藝線上圖書館

Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standard, codification and sociolinguistic realism: the English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk, & H. G. Widdowson (Eds.), ...

#17. Does Russian English Exist? - Science and Education ...

Kachru, B. “Standards, Codification and Sociolinguistic Realism: The English Language in the outer ... Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1985.

#18. World Englishes | written-englishes - Wix.com

Kachru's inner circle includes those countries where English is the primary language – the mother tongue. Included in this circle are ... Kachru's (1985).

#19. World Englishes - Wikipedia

Braj Kachru's Three Circles of English. The most influential model of the spread of English is Braj Kachru's model of World Englishes. In this model the ...

#20. World Englishes | ANDY KIRKPATRICK | Taylor & Francis Group

A key figure in the field is Braj Kachru. His debate with the British linguist Randolph Quirk drew the boundaries between two distinct positions. Quirk's (1985) ...

#21. golo - Nonnative English Speaking Teachers (NNESTs) versus

they perceived English as the property of what Kachru (1985) calls the 'inner circle' (LI speakers mainly in the USA, UK, Canada, Australia, ...

#22. World Englishes: Critical Concepts in Linguistics

Kachru ( 1985 ) lists such countries as China , Egypt , Indonesia , Israel , Japan , Korea , Nepal , Saudi Arabia , Taiwan , the former USSR , and Zimbabwe ...

#23. Book Reviews

Based on B. Kachru (1985), the world. Englishes model examines English as a pluricentric language in three circles of varieties: an 'Inner Circle' of ...

#24. Download kachru's three circles of english pdf - PDFprof.com

Kachru's Three Concentric Circles Model of English - ERIC. 2020 · Cité 2 fois — Kachru (1985) described the distribution Page 2 elt ccsenet English Language

#25. Approaches to World Englishes Print Media - Academy ...

B. Kachru. Models of Non-native Englishes (1983a), Contxtualisation and Lxical Innovation (1983a), Three. Concentric Circles of English (1985; ...

#26. Varieties of English and Kachru's Expanding Circle - RUDN ...

Kachru (1985). The other two groups are termed Inner Circle Englishes, characterized as native (first) languages for the majority of their countries' ...

#27. World Englishes - jstor

aAdapted from Crystal (1985, p. 357). (Kachru 1983, Pakir 1991, Bamgbose 1982). In terms of a. & Weber (1980) ...

#28. Acoustic Similarity of Inner and Outer Circle Varieties of Child ...

... the so-called Inner Circle countries (Kachru, 1985). A limited number of studies exist for varieties that fall outside the Inner Circle, ...

#29. The perceived value of english: the case of tunisian university ...

Kachru's three concentric circles. In his investigation of the spread of English, Braj Kachru (1985) presents a model that consists of three circles each ...

#30. 溝通式教學法(CLT)全英語教學之反思 - 教學資源網

... interaction)等，許多學者已指出CLT較適用於以英語為第二語言(ESL)的教學情境，若在其它情境則會產生許多適應不良的副作用(Swan, 1985a, 1985b；Kachru, 1985; ...

#31. Review of Fuchs, R. 2016. Speech rhythm in varieties of English

使用Kachru（1985）的圈子范例，印度被描述为“一个相当典型的外圈国家”（Fuchs，2016：12）。 ，与施耐德（2003，2007）第四阶段的IndE一起，外显稳定。… 并强调了研究对于 ...

#32. 「言語市場」における英語(Englishes)の変容 A Consideration ...

Kachru の世界の英語（Englishes）の the Three. Circles モデル（Kachru 1985;1986;1992;1996)は変. 化する英語の分布や機能を3種類の円で説明する。

#33. Walkden_Hejna_2018_HayesBu... - George Walkden

needs of speakers from outside Kachru's (1985) Inner Circle, suggesting that valuable insights can be gained if the students are allowed to take each other.

#34. Research Developments in World Englishes - Bloomsbury ...

However, mostly, international uses of English have been associated with countries of the expanding circle (see Kachru 1985), where English does not hold ...

#35. Kachrus three circle model - SlideShare

According to Kachru (1985). Three circles • The inner circle • Outer circle • Expending circle These circles represent “. The inner circle In the Kachru's Three ...

#36. Three circle model of World Englishes Kachru (1992 - Docenti ...

Streven (1980): World map of English; Kachru (1985/1988): Three circle model of World Englishes; McArthur (1987): Circle of World English; Görlach (1988): ...

#37. 搜索

This linguistic diversity, captured most prominently in the World Englishes paradigm (Kachru, 1985), poses a challenge to English language ...

#38. Revisiting the ENL-ESL-EFL continuum - Sciendo

Kachru's (1985) Three Circles classification model of Englishes, which equates native English (ENL), English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a.

#39. English(es) in Post-Independence Namibia - Peter Lang Verlag

2.1: The Three Concentric Circles Model (B. Kachru 1985). Fig. 4.1: The Current Namibian Education System (MoE 2014: 5; the abbreviation NQF is not ...

#40. 5-min definitions for teachers in a hurry: KACHRU'S CIRCLES

#41. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE KACHRUVIAN PARADIGM

Here, Kachru (1985a) was explicitly targeting the status of native English norms by arguing that the codification of Outer Circle varieties could prescribe ...

#42. English as a Lingua Franca: A New Variety in the ... - GUPEA

Of all the models describing English world-wide, Kachru's (1985) three- circle model (which is a continuation of Quirk et al.'s 1972: 3 tripartite.

#43. Who speaks english to whom? The question of teaching ...

Kachru, 1985. B.B. Kachru. Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: the English language in the outer circle. R. Quirk, H.G. Widdowson (Eds.), ...

#44. 6. Assessing Proficiency in EIL - De Gruyter

... English userswho are non-native speakers of English and live in the countries of Kachru'sOuter and Expanding Circles (Crystal, 2003; Kachru, 1985), ...

#45. All Englishes Are Equal (But Some Are More Equal Than Others)

Kachru, B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk & H. Widdowson (Eds.), ...

#46. 國立成功大學機構典藏:Item 987654321/205019

實驗組透過6週的實驗來學習不同的英語特色,這些英語特色的訂定是根據Kachru (1985)所提出的英語三圈分類,然而控制組則是沒有進行任何特定實驗.

#47. | English or Englishes? Glocalisation of English Language ...

According to Kachru (1985), the core influence of globalisation regarding ELT in the periphery occurs in expanding-circle countries such as Japan.

#48. Dutch and colonial expansion: Different contact settings ...

in the regions that have passed through extended periods of colonization' (Kachru 1985: 366-7). The question of how to describe the so– called New English ...

#49. The Karmic cycle of world Englishes: some futuristic constructs

by Yamuna Kachru , Larry E. Smith ... In - Kachru - 1985 (Show Context) ... 24, The Indianization of English: The English language in - KACHRU - 1983.

#50. Looking under Kachru's (1982, 1985) three circles ... - Scite

Mentioning: 3 - This paper examines the pioneering model of World Englishes formulated by Kachru in the early 1980s that allocates the presence of English ...

#51. Kachru Three-Circle Model - 850 Words | Internet Public Library

Kachru divided the World Englishes into three concentric circles, namely, ... in which English is used across cultures and languages” (Kachru, 1985, p.12).

#52. The Three Circles Redux: A Market–Theoretic Perspective on ...

While Kachru's Three Circles model of World Englishes (Kachru 1985, 1986;. Kachru and Nelson 1996) has been highly influential in ...

#53. 英語與翻譯教學: 觀念與實務| 誠品線上

至於全球英語散布的情況，印度裔美國學者Kachru（1985）曾用三個同心圓（如圖一）來表示：（1）內圈（inner circle）是傳統以英語為母語的國家，如美國、英國、 ...

#54. THE INFLUENCE OF WORLD ENGLISHES ON CHINESE ...

The overall model of English spread is Kachru's Three Circles Model (Kachru, 1985). This model describes roughly how World Englishes are formed as varieties ...

#55. THE FUNCTION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE ...

world Englishes as introduced by B. Kachru in 1985 and as applied by another researcher, Berns in. 1995 to the new sociolinguistic situation created by the ...

#56. Kachru's model Flashcards | Quizlet

Start studying Kachru's model. Learn vocabulary, terms ... Kachru (1985) ... Which countries are included in the inner circle of Kachru's model? (5).

#57. Background of China English and Hong Kong English

... domains in which English is used across cultures and languages” (Kachru, 1985, p. 242). His classic three circles model includes (Kachru, 2005):.

#58. 151 CHAPTER 5 QUIRK'S VIEWS REGARDING THE ...

Kachru (1985) categorises the world Englishes into three concentric circles namely: * the inner circle. * the outer circle. * the expanding circle.

#59. The "Inner Circle" of the English Language - ThoughtCo

... Realism: The English Language in the Outer Circle" (1985). Kachru describes the inner circle as “the traditional bases of English, ...

#60. The Changing World of English. A Language Story Kachru ...

2 A Language Story Kachru (1985): - If the spread of English continues at the current rate, by the year 2000 its non-native speakers will outnumber its native ...

#61. Braj Kachru's vision of world Englishes - Deep Blue ...

Braj Kachru's vision of world Englishes. Braj Kachru devoted his life to the idea that the English language is a plurality. ... (Kachru & Smith, 1985, pp.

#62. Varieties of English and Kachru's Expanding Circle Варианты ...

Kachru (1985). The other two groups are termed Inner Circle Englishes, characterized as native (first) languages for the majority of their countries'.

#63. Where does English in China stand? - ProQuest

... for linguistic and pedagogical research and for understanding the linguistic creativity in multilingual situations across cultures' (Kachru, 1985: 30).

#64. Kachru 1985 The Alchemy of English | PDF - Scribd

Kachru 1985 The Alchemy of English. Direitos autorais: © All Rights Reserved. Formatos disponíveis. Baixe no formato PDF, TXT ou leia online no ...

#65. Tag questions across Englishes: A corpus pragmatic analysis

This heterogeneity of Standard English is captured most notably in Kachru's (1985) model of World Englishes, where he distinguishes between independent ...

#66. Attitudes to language and culture in the EFL classroom - Dialnet

members of this big family include, as Kachru (1985) has suggested, (a) Colonial. Standards, a term that refers to the educated speech used in the mass ...

#67. The World English Model revised: Definite article use in ICE ...

I relate this research to Kachru's (1986, 1985: 12) concentric 'inner and outer circles' model and Yanu's (2001: 124) revised model, which accounts for register ...

#68. Kachru's Three Concentric Circles Model of English Language

Since its first introduction in 1985, Kachru's Three Concentric Circles Model of English Language has occasioned a great debate.

#69. Creativity and world Englishes - Blogs@Baruch

to “those creative linguistic processes which are the result of competence in two or more languages” (Kachru 1985: 20). Kachru argued that, in this context, ...

#70. Non-Standard Article Use in Pakistani English - DIVA

It uses the theories of Kachru (1985), Modiano (1999a, 1999b, 2020) and Schneider (2003, 2007) on World Englishes as well as previous ...

#71. What are 'Kachru's Three Circles of English'? | MyTutor

Kachru constructed a model of the different uses of English around the world. This model is comprised of three concentric circles, which he labelled: the ...

#72. Three Circle Model Of World Englishes English Literature Essay

Kachru (1985) described the spread of English in terms of three concentric circles: the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle and the Expanding ...

#73. Challenging Issues in Researching English as a Lingua Franca

The most influential description of the status of English worldwide is Kachru's (1985) Three-Circles Model dividing English use into three categories: the ...

#74. Foreigner English (EFL)

The Expanding Circle includes the regions where the performance varieties of the language are used essentially in EFL contexts.“ (Kachru, 1985:366-7) ...

#75. Outer and expanding circle Englishes - John Benjamins

The classification of English as a native (ENL), second (ESL) and foreign (EFL) language is traditionally mapped onto Kachru's (1985) Inner, ...

#76. "World Englishes: Practical Implications for Teaching and ...

... world according to users, “patterns of acquisition, and the functional domains in which English is used across cultures and languages” (Kachru, 1985, p.

#77. 1/2}$${]}_{\mathit{J}=1}$ autoionizing states

R. Kachru, N. H. Tran, P. Pillet, and T. F. Gallagher. Phys. Rev. A 31, 218 – Published 1 January 1985. More. ×. Article · References · Citing Articles (39).

#78. Learning and using English as an International Language in ...

Kachru's 'Six fallacies about the Users and Uses of English'. 7. Thirteen fallacies about learning and ... Braj B. Kachru (1985). A-speakers. ENL speakers.

#79. English as a Lingua Franca: Reflections on ELF-Related ...

According to. Kachru (1985), native speakers seem to lose the sole ownership of English to control its standardization highlighting that the implications of ...

#80. English language teachers and ESP practitioners | Facebook

Kachru (1985) described the spread of English in terms of three concentric circles: the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle and the Expanding Circle.

#81. NNEST Newsletter - Volume 12 Number 2 - NewsManager

Kachru, B. J. (1990). World Englishes and applied linguistics. World Englishes, 9(1), 3-20. Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic ...

#82. The World Englishes paradigm - Emerald Insight

(WE) – defined mostly as the “institutionalized second-language varieties of English spoken around the world” (Kachru, 1985). Kachru (1985, 1998) coins the ...

#83. The Multilingual Pragmatics of New Englishes - Frontiers

... English language by highlighting the global diversity of the English language along different national Englishes (e.g., Kachru, 1985).

#84. english as a lingua franca and some implications for english ...

Kachru's three circles: inner, outer, expanding (Kachru, 1992). ... outer circle expanding circle. Kachru, 1985 ... These may be divided into Kachru's.

#85. CFP for the Summer 2017 Issue of the Messenger - The ...

The greatest effort has, however, gone into the description of English as it appears in what Kachru (1985) calls the Outer Circle, ...

#86. The Other Tongue: English Across Cultures - 第 8 頁 - Google 圖書結果

1985 and Kachru 1985 ) . " Contact and Change : Question of a Standard ” ( Part III ) presents a comparative perspective for grasping the intricacies of ...

#87. EKSISTENSI VARIETAS BAHASA INGGRIS DAN BAHASA ...

(Kachru, 1985, p. 20). To this, Crystal. (1997, p. 133) states that varieties emerge because they give identity to the group which own them.

#88. Developing plurilingual competence in the EFL classroom

put forward by Kachru (1985), at least as far as ELF is concerned. This model, despite the drawbacks that will be mentioned below, has been the most.

#89. New Englishes, New Methods: Focus on Corpus Linguistics

Kachru (1985) models this global heterogeneity of English in three circles: (1) inner circle Englishes, spoken as a native language (ENL), such as British ...

#90. Teaching English as an Intercultural Language (EIcL) - S-Space

circle native speakers (see Kachru 1985) for conducting businesses, professional discourses, and carrying out everyday conversation, upon.

#91. World Englishes today - DR-NTU

1985, it was retitled as World Englishes, and Kachru and Smith's explanation for this was ... Teaching and Learning the Language and Literatures (1985).

#92. 'Culture' in English language classrooms: What do students ...

the countries where English is an institutionalized variety (Kachru, 1985, 1986; Kachru &. Nelson, 1996; Canagarajah, 1999). Other two views also reject the ...

#93. WORLD ENGLISHES IN ASIAN CONTEXTS - Hong Kong ...

Yamuna Kachru and Cecil L. Nelson ... of the world (Crystal, 1985a; B. Kachru, 1999). ... circles, as B. Kachru (1985: 12–3) suggests.

#94. Implications of English as a Lingua Franca in the language ...

This phenomenon is increasing, particularly in what Kachru (1985) termed ... Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Kachru, B. (1985) The ...

#95. Aspects of Francophone African English Phonology - Cuvillier ...

Kachru's model is the most influential one to describe speakers of English. (Jenkins 2003a: 15). For over two decades, Braj Kachru's (1985) Three. Circles Model ...

#96. Discrimination behind Nest and Nnest Dichotomy in ELT ...

Kachru. (1985) proposed the first model of the global spread of English into three concentric circles; the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle and ...