前天,為台中一福堂的火災覺得難過。
今天早上,在查看《台灣婦產科百年史》時,看到張耀東醫師的介紹,想找找張婦產科的現況,卻查到這則 https://www.facebook.com/groups/185427322881021/permalink/381414979948920/
覺得好難過喔!
2014年回台中訪談桂美姊時,桂美姊跟我提到張婦產科。當年的訪談心得:
As in all higher primates, only more so in the human case, prior experience and learning loom large in the way mothers and allomothers nurture infants in their charge. Compared with other mammals, like dogs or cats, human mothers have a near absence of what ethologists call "fixed action patterns". Nurture, in our species, is more nearly an art form passed down from mothers or others to subsequent generations. Contrary to the notion of a "maternal instinct", a person's responsivness to the needs of infants is to a large degree acquired through experience --- through both the experience of nurturing and the experience of being nurtured. As we have seen throughout this book, both males and females start out with an innate capacity for empathy with others and for nurture, but past experiences along with proximate cues are critically important for the development and expression of nurturing responses.
Mothers and Others: The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding By Sarah Blaffer Hrdy
很多朋友都說我的想法很「前衛」、很「新潮」,讓人跟不上。其實,我倒覺得我的想法相當簡單而原始啊!只是想探究媽媽跟孩子從生命起始點開始建立的點點滴滴。這是個相互成就的過程。若追本溯源,這還關係到我們的媽媽是怎麼養育我們的。
父權、現代化、醫療化......種種因素不斷介入破壞這連結,這一切發生於很近期,很短的時間。即便是女性主義,在媽媽與孩子的關係上,有些流派有很大的偏差,對媽媽與孩子一體的部分,避而不談。
昨天,與桂美姊的訪談,談到她第一個工作,在台中當時的貴族醫院:張耀東婦產科。桂美姊強調,像這樣的貴族醫院,照顧上還是把孩子放在媽媽身邊一起照顧的,即便當時產後退奶餵小孩配方奶已是常規。我想,在台灣的脈絡,把孩子放在嬰兒室比我原本想像來得晚,值得好好探究,寫進論文裡。
而另外心中掛念的是沒落的台中舊市區,有沒有復興的可能?我滿懷期待。
http://youtu.be/GZwUjLJqCbs
台中大都會歌劇院,無法喚起我對台中的情感,在大樓林立的七期,滿懷憂傷。
圖片來源: https://goo.gl/KPB1gs
#不斷消失的老建築
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過18萬的網紅IKKO'S FILMS イッコーズフィルムズ,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Please Subscribe♪ I teach you Japanese Amazing Culture. Ramen Jiro is of course technically ramen, but it is somewhat different from any other ramen ...
loom large 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答
[時事英文] 美國總統大選最終辯論會
Consider the risks and opportunities involved.
讓我們來思考背後的風險與機會。
Do you want low short-term risk with fewer opportunities or high short-term risk with more opportunities? What about the long term?
是選擇低短期風險但較少機會,還是高短期風險但較多機會? 倘若放眼長期又該如何?
What risks and what opportunities?
These are questions Taiwan must figure out.
這些都是台灣需要思考的問題。
同時也來看看浩爾口筆譯 ft. 創譯兄弟的即時同步口譯: https://youtu.be/kgQCwcrT_Nk
Go, go, Howard!
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Full Debate:
https://youtu.be/RHISJrOODJ4
LIVE 2020美國總統大選 最終局辯論(即時同步口譯)
https://youtu.be/kgQCwcrT_Nk
★★★★★★★★★★★★
文章來自《紐約時報》:
美國總統大選辯論,川普和拜登如何談論中國?
China loomed large in the debate, but largely as a caricatured place of shady deals and a deadly virus.
For a few fleeting moments on Thursday night, it looked as though President Trump and former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. might actually debate the nation’s greatest foreign policy challenge: its relationship with China.
1. loom large 顯得突出;變得嚴重
2. a few fleeting moments 幾個瞬間
3. look as though 看起來好像
週四晚上的幾個瞬間,川普總統和前副總統小約瑟夫·R.拜登(Joseph R. Biden Jr.)看起來好像真的是要就這個國家最大的外交政策挑戰: 美國與中國的關係展開辯論。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
But Mr. Trump quickly pivoted the conversation to unsubstantiated allegations that Mr. Biden enriched himself through his son’s dealings with Chinese officials. Mr. Biden, seeking to assert his tough-on-China credentials, recalled a trip to Beijing in 2013 when he pushed back on China’s attempt to control a wide swath of airspace in the contested East China Sea by requiring foreign planes to identify themselves when they flew through it.
4. pivot (v.) 轉動;扭曲
5. unsubstantiated allegations 未經證實的指控
6. enrich (v.) 使富有,使富裕
7. dealings(尤指商業上的)活動,往來;交易
8. a wide swath of 廣大的一片區域
9. contested (adj.) 有爭議的
但川普迅速將對話轉向未經證實的指控,即拜登通過其子與中國官員的往來斂財。尋求堅持其對華強硬形象的拜登則回憶起了2013年對北京的一次訪問,當時他對中國通過要求外國飛機在飛經受東海一大片爭議空域時表明身份,試圖控制該區域的做法發起反擊。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The move ignited tensions with Japan, a key American ally, and Mr. Biden warned President Xi Jinping to show restraint. On Thursday, Mr. Biden referred to Mr. Xi as a thug and accused Mr. Trump of cozying up to him.
10. ignite tensions 激起緊張關係
11. show restraint 保持克制
12. cosy up (to sb) (處於謀私的目的)與…交好
中國的這一舉動激起了與美國關鍵盟友日本的緊張關係,拜登則警告習近平主席要保持克制。週四,拜登提到習近平時將其稱為「惡棍」,並指控川普巴結習近平。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
That was as far as the candidates got in discussing what many analysts view as one of the world’s most dangerous flash points — a place where Chinese and American warships might someday fire on each other.
13. flashpoint (暴力)即將爆發的地點(或階段)
對於在許多分析師看來是世界上最為危險的衝突爆發點之一——中國和美國戰艦可能有朝一日互相開火的地方,兩位候選人就只討論到了這裡。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
For the rest of the night, China became a watchword for allegations of shady business dealings, a deadly virus, and a carbon-glutted atmosphere, which Mr. Trump described as “filthy.”
14. a watchword 口號;標語;格言
15. shady business dealings 不正當的商業交易
16. filthy骯髒的、汙穢的
當晚剩下的時間裡,中國成為了對可疑商業交易、致命病毒,和一個碳排放過多的大氣(川普將其描述為「骯髒的」)的指稱的口號。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Their exchanges on trade captured the caricatured role that China has played in the campaign. Mr. Trump repeated his erroneous claim that China is paying the United States billions of dollars because of his tariffs. In fact, most of those costs are passed on to American consumers.
17. caricatured role (諷刺)漫畫性/滑稽的角色*
18. erroneous claim 錯誤的說法
19. tariffs 關稅
20. pass on to 轉嫁到
兩人在貿易上的你來我往充分體現了中國在這場競選裡發揮的滑稽作用。川普重申了他錯誤的說法,即因為他的關稅,中國正在向美國支付數十億美元。實際上,關稅的大部分代價都轉嫁給了美國消費者。
*caricature: https://bit.ly/31CfVLo
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Mr. Biden claimed that the American trade deficit with China had gone up, not down, during the Trump presidency — not true, given the protectionist measures that Mr. Trump imposed.
21. trade deficit 貿易逆差
22. impose protectionist measures 實施保護主義措施
拜登則聲稱在川普擔任總統期間,美國對華貿易逆差有所增加,而不是減少了——鑒於川普實施的那些保護主義措施,這個說法也是錯誤的。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The president said he pulled the United States out of the Paris climate accord because it did not impose the same demands on China, and other major developing economies, as it did on the United States.
23. pull out of 退出
24. the Paris climate accord/ Paris Agreement巴黎氣候協議
25. developing economies 發展中國家
總統表示他讓美國退出了巴黎氣候協議,因為該協議沒有讓中國和其他主要的發展中國家遵守像美國一樣的要求。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Mr. Biden said he would rejoin the accord specifically to hold China to the pledges it made under that agreement. “We need to be having the rest of our friends with us saying to China — these are the rules,” Mr. Biden said. “You play by them or you’re going to pay the price for not playing by them, economically.”
26. rejoin the accord 重新加入該協議
27. pledge 承諾、保證
28. play by the rules 遵守規定
29. pay the price 付出代價
拜登則表示他會重新加入該協議,正是為了讓中國實現在該協議中做出的承諾。「我們需要讓我們剩下的朋友和我們一起向中國說——這些是規定,」拜登說。「你要麼遵守規定,要麼就要為不遵守規定在經濟上付出代價。」
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Though China loomed large over trade, climate, and geopolitics, Mr. Trump kept the focus on allegations that Mr. Biden’s son, Hunter, had tried to cash in with the Chinese on his father’s name.
30. loom large over 在…顯得突出 (此指顯得重要)
31. geopolitics 地緣政治
32. keep focus on聚焦在
33. cash in on sth 藉由某事牟利
儘管中國在貿易、氣候和地緣政治上都很重要,川普仍將重點放在了針對拜登兒子杭特(Hunter)的指控上,稱其試圖利用其父的名號在中國人那裡牟利。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Mr. Biden fired back, noting the report in The New York Times that Mr. Trump had an undisclosed bank account in China.
34. fire back 反擊
35. an undisclosed bank account 未經披露的銀行帳戶
拜登則做出反擊,指出《紐約時報》上的報導稱川普在中國有一個未經披露的銀行帳戶。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
“I have many bank accounts and they’re all listed and they’re all over the place,” Mr. Trump replied. “I was a businessman doing business.”
36. all over the place 到處都有
「我有很多銀行帳戶,都是公開的,哪兒都有,」川普回答道。「我是個做生意的商人。」
紐約時報完整報導: https://nyti.ms/2J0vUN8
圖片來源: https://bit.ly/34oCzbY
★★★★★★★★★★★★
選舉關鍵字彙 (167頁): https://bit.ly/3dA6CAu
美國總統大選首場辯論: https://bit.ly/3j5lDvv
川普拜登市民大會: https://bit.ly/37Ae7GT
時事英文講義:https://bit.ly/2XmRYXc
★★★★★★★★★★★★
So, who should Taiwan support? Why?
loom large 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的精選貼文
[時事英文] 中美網絡戰鬥力
在過去的二十年中,對常規軍事作戰的理解已從二維戰場(battlefield)轉變為多維系統的作戰空間(battlespace),資訊戰(information warfare)也早已開始。我們今天先透過紐約時報的報導探討傳統資訊戰的定義。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
《2015 紐約時報》報導:
As China president Xi Jinping begins a trip to the United States that could include the first arms control accord for cyberspace between the United States and China, a new RAND report that rates the cyber warfare capabilities of the world’s two largest economies shows how important such an agreement could be. The report, which rates the capabilities of both militaries over the course of two situations, a conflict over Taiwan and one over the Spratly Islands, dedicates an entire chapter to the respective cyber capabilities of both sides.
1. arms control(國與國一致進行的)軍備控制
2. accord (n.) (國家之間的)協議;條約
3. cyberspace 網際空間
4. rate (v.) 評估
5. cyber warfare 網路戰
6. a conflict over ⋯⋯的衝突
7. dedicate 奉獻,獻出(全部精力、時間等)*
8. respective 各自的;分別的
中國國家主席習近平正在對美國進行國事訪問,此行有可能會簽訂中美網路空間的首個軍備控制協議。蘭德公司也在此際發佈報告,對全球兩大經濟體的網路戰能力進行評估,顯示了這樣一個協議有多麼重要。該報告評估了兩軍在兩種局勢下的戰力,一是臺海衝突,二是南沙群島爭端。報告用了整整一章來分析美中各自的網路戰能力。
*dedicate: https://bit.ly/2VNp0NL
★★★★★★★★★★★★
As it maps out the potential conflicts, and in turn the potential ways each country could attack the other’s network, it becomes apparent why a first agreement between President Obama and Mr. Xi might focus on the rules of the road for attacks on core infrastructure instead of on better publicized Chinese attacks aimed at gaining advantages and intellectual property for companies.
In particular, it argues unclassified networks for key infrastructure are more vulnerable than those of the military, and that broad attacks have a huge potential to cause unanticipated escalations. Even so, it says that the United States would probably do better than might be expected given the high-profile media coverage of Chinese cyberattacks.
9. map sth out 詳細安排;籌劃
10. potential conflict 潛在的衝突
11. the rules of the road 使用規則
12. gain advantage 取得優勢
13. intellectual property 智慧財產權
14. have a huge potential 有著巨大的可能性
15. unanticipated escalation 意料之外的逐步升級
16. high-profile 高調;備受關注的
17. cyberattack(由駭客發起的)網路攻擊
報告對潛在的衝突進行了描述,進而又對雙方可能採取哪些方式來攻擊彼此的網路進行了分析,從中可以看到為什麼歐巴馬和習近平簽訂的第一個協議可能會側重在攻擊核心基礎設施的規則上,而不是更為人知的中國為獲得商業優勢和智慧財產權進行的網路攻擊。這份報告特別指出,關鍵基礎設施使用的非機密網路較軍方網路脆弱,而且那樣的廣泛攻擊很有可能導致雙方沒有預計到的衝突升級。即便如此,報告說,鑒於中國的網路攻擊得到了大篇幅的報道,美國在網路戰中的表現可能比人們預期的出色。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The Chinese military “has been heavily involved in large-scale cyber espionage since the mid-2000s, which has made it the subject of much media attention.
Because the most common targets of these attacks have been lightly defended corporate and unclassified government systems, this activity may have created an exaggerated sense of the capabilities that China might bring to bear in an operational military context,” it concludes. Citing a 2013 document distributed throughout China’s People’s Liberation Army called “The Science of Military Strategy,” the report adds that the Chinese army recognizes the major advantages to being aggressive in cyberwar.
18. cyber espionage 網路間諜活動
19. media attention 媒體關注
20. bring to bear 運用
21. cite 引用
22. throughout (prep.) 遍及
23. China’s People’s Liberation Army 中國人民解放軍
中國軍方「自2000年代中期起,一直在積极參與大規模網路間諜活動,因此成為備受媒體關注的話題。由於這些攻擊最常見的目標是防禦措施較少的企業以及非機密的政府系統,因此對於中國在網路戰方面的能力,可能存在一種誇大,」該報告認為。該報告援引發表於2013年、在中國人民解放軍全軍分發的《戰略學》,稱中國軍方認識到在網路戰中採取攻勢的好處。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
One danger of that, and also more broadly of employing cyberattacks in a situation of escalating conflict, is that of unintentional escalation. Using several hypothetical situations, the report shows how a cyberattack could deepen a conflict. For example, it points out that if China were to make a move for Taiwan, a cyberattack aimed at hurting the potential for the United States to intercede, could contradictorily force the U.S. to come into the conflict. Likewise it argues that in the case of some kind of regional conflict, United States attacks on Chinese infrastructure that in peace-time would be deemed mainly of civilian importance could take on deeper military implications.
24. escalating conflict 逐步升級的衝突
25. unintentional 無意的;非故意的
26. hypothetical 假設的;假定的
27. deepen a conflict 深化衝突
28. point out 指出
29. aim at 瞄準;對準
30. make a move 採取行動
31. intercede 介入;調停
32. contradictorily force 反而迫使
33. regional conflict 區域衝突
34. peace-time 和平時期
35. be deemed 被認為;被視作
36. take on 呈現;開始具有(某種特徵)
37. implication 暗示;牽連
這種思維,以及在不斷升級的衝突中廣泛採用網路攻擊的策略的危險之處在於,它會在無意之中導致衝突升級。該報告假設了幾種情況,來說明網路攻擊將如何令衝突升級。假設中國在臺海採取行動,如果它為了預防美國調停而發起網路攻擊,可能反而會迫使美國參與衝突。同樣,報告認為,在發生區域衝突的情況下,美國對通常主要作為民用的中國基礎設施開展網路攻擊,可能就會產生更深層次的軍事影響。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Even so, there are plenty of reasons that China and the U.S. would be unlikely to carry out a major attack aimed broadly at civilian populations. In particular, the report points out that close economic relations could mean an unintentional business fallout at home while the interconnectedness of the Internet makes the effects of broad attacks unpredictable (for example, Chinese data stored abroad could be inadvertently disrupted). Also likely to be on the front of Beijing’s mind, the report argues, are a few larger concerns. In particular, during wartime issues surrounding control of potentially destabilizing information within China and tracking of dissident activity are also likely to “loom large.”
38. carry out 執行
39. fallout 不良影響;惡果
40. at home 在國內
41. interconnectedness 緊密關係
42. inadvertently 無意地;非故意地
43. on the front of sb’s mind 在……的腦海中
44. wartime 戰時
45. destabilize 使不穩定;暗中顛覆(反對政權)
46. dissident (n.) 異見者;意見不同者;持不同政見者
47. loom large 顯得突出;變得嚴重
即便如此,仍有充足的理由認為美中不太可能針對平民開展大規模攻擊。特別是美中經濟關係密切,而網際網路具有很強的相互關聯性,廣泛襲擊的影響是不可預知的,因此這種攻擊可能會造成無法預計的商業後果(例如,中國儲存在國外的數據可能會在無意中遭到破壞)。報告認為,北京可能有幾個更加重視的關注點。特別是,在國內控制那些可能導致社會不穩定的訊息,以及追蹤異見者的活動,有可能在戰爭時期「特別重要」。
《紐約時報》完整報導:https://nyti.ms/2RS4b2P
圖片出處:https://bit.ly/2RUKKqa
資訊戰爭講義 (Information Warfare): https://bit.ly/2xcimbQ
★★★★★★★★★★★★
時事英文講義:https://bit.ly/2XmRYXc
時事英文大全:http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
如何使用「時事英文」:https://bit.ly/3a9rr38
#美中網路戰英文
loom large 在 IKKO'S FILMS イッコーズフィルムズ Youtube 的最讚貼文
Please Subscribe♪
I teach you Japanese Amazing Culture.
Ramen Jiro is of course technically ramen, but it is somewhat different from any other ramen in Japan.
It is tonkotsu broth with shoyu added, but the broth is more like a thinner (but very rich) pork gravy and in most branches it has a large amount of suspended fat (abura).
The noodles are (typically) very thick and chewy but not quite as eggy or yellow as regular ramen noodles, and many of the branches make their own, if you see a big green or blue machine that looks like a weaving loom and has flour all over it somewhere in the shop, that's what they make them with.
The pork is a very rough cut, usually from the tenderloin but sometimes from some less recognizable part of the pig, and occasionally will be mostly fat.
The veggies are usually cabbage or moyashi (bean sprouts), and each branch has its own ratio of the two.
Add to this a large amount of chopped garlic (if you want it), usually fresh but not always, and then a few individual stores have optional toppings such as eggs (raw/"nama", 生 or boiled/yude, ゆで), cheese, curry or extra fat from the soup pot, and then curry powder or black pepper on the counter.
Many Jiros do not have tissues to wipe your mouth with, or spoons for the broth.
Ramen Jiro is certainly not for those who are health conscious, and those of weaker constitutions can feel a bit queasy after eating there for the first time, especially if they force themselves to finish the whole bowl. The general recommendation that I have heard from Ramen Jiro customers is that on the day you go to Ramen Jiro, you should eat a pear ("nashi" or 梨 in Japanese) for breakfast or lunch that day, and nothing else. If you can't find a pear then perhaps an apple. My personal advice is that you should not force yourself to finish the bowl, this business about ramen shop chefs getting insulted when you leave some soup in your bowl is generally not true, I'm sure they would prefer to get "insulted" by you leaving some in your bowl rather than get insulted by you getting sick all over their shop floor. Also a yogurt drink, available from any conbini, helps soothe the stomach afterwards.
The overall taste is not like any other ramen available in Japan. It's hard to explain on paper or to understand how the flavors all come together without actually tasting it. Ramen Jiro has achieved something of a cult status in Japan, especially among young men - there's only been one or two times out of the 40-50 times I've visited Ramen Jiro branches that there has not been a line of at least 5-10 people (sometimes more than 30) waiting to get in, and 95% of the customers are men (admittedly a non-scientific survey at best). Lines typically start to form 30 minutes or so before each store opens. There is no talking or lingering at Ramen Jiro branches, just eating. Generally I find that a good rule of thumb is that each person on line means on average a 3 minute wait, e.g. 10 people on line in front of you means 30 minutes before you can sit down. Then it may be another 5-10 mins before you actually have a bowl in front of you.
As of this writing (January 2010), there are 33 Jiro branches in Tokyo and the surrounding areas of Yokohama, Chiba, Ibaraki and Tochigi. Most of them are in Tokyo. There are no other Jiro branches in any other regions AFAIK. I have eaten at 32 of them and I plan to finish all of them by early next year. Some of them are in more remote areas of Tokyo (1-1.5 hours from the Yamanote-sen train loop and then some walking) so it's not always easy to get to them, especially when you have a real day job.
I believe Ramen Jiro is more like a franchise than a chain. The original store is the Mita Hon Ten 三田本店, from which almost all of today's Ramen Jiros are descended, typically by a staff member who goes on to start his own shop. I am currently researching the lineage of the different stores and will update this page when I have more info.
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