[英文寫作] besides 的正確用法
This is how "besides" should be used:
最近幫同學在修改讀書計畫(SOP)時,一直看到大家使用「besides 」在句子開頭當作「而且;除…之外還有」來引導出更多的資訊 (e.g., Besides, I acquired many social skills from this experience.) 。
相信同學在圖片中已看到「besides 」當「而且」時通常是出現在口語,希望各位在構寫讀書計畫這一類的正式文件時可以考量到 register (語域、層次) 的概念。Register在語言學中的廣泛定義是在不同的場合中應用到不同的用詞和文法結構 ,就如同各位在寫中文論文時,不會用到聊天場合中的詞彙(除非您在引述文學作品中的對話或情節)。
同學若對英文register有興趣的話可以參考以下的文章: https://goo.gl/tA6Dq2
*Please note that language is constantly evolving, so it’s quite possible that in the future “besides” will be commonly used as a sentence adverb in formal writing. However, this is currently not the case. You can always check by using a corpus like COCA: https://corpus.byu.edu/coca/
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2. 如何使用成語和諺語在雅思、托福、與GRE 學術寫作? https://goo.gl/qbk3m4
3. 學習單字的方式: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1yU
4. 詞彙區別 (Vocab Q&A): http://goo.gl/xnhtQg
5. 如何使用COCA: https://goo.gl/Qugzcw
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Sources:
https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/besides
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-traditional/addition
https://goo.gl/tA6Dq2
「many adverb」的推薦目錄:
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- 關於many adverb 在 20.6 Using Adverbs and Adjectives 的評價
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many adverb 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答
[詞彙區別] 同學們,在寫學術文章的時候是不是很難區分thus, therefore, hence?
雖然這幾個字都是副詞,字義上也大致被認為是「所以」,可是用法卻有細膩的區別。
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1. Thus 的意思是「以這樣的方式」或「藉由如此」。
“Thus” means “in this/that way.” It relates to “HOW” - the manner in which - how something happens or comes about.
E.g. The university has drastically lowered its tuition, thus (in this way) allowing many more people the chance of higher education.
2. Thus 另外一個意思是「因此」或「於是」。
“Thus” also means as a result of something just mentioned. It, when used as a conjunctive adverb, is similar in meaning to “therefore.”
E.g. It has been discovered that using scents can trigger the sensations of love, comfort, and happiness. Thus, the sense of smell can be used as strategy to invoke new responses in consumers.
3. Thus far 的意思則是「到目前為止 」或「迄今」。
E.g. He has invested $ 12 million thus far. He will most likely invest more in the future.
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1. Therefore的意思是「出於某個原因」、「因為某個因素」或「建立在某個基礎上」。
Therefore 前面的句子提供了證據支持某個結論,而該結論將出現在下一個含有 therefore的句子中。Therefore在數學證明中是常見的。
“Therefore” means “for this reason,” or “because of this or that” - it relates to deductive reasoning, it tells WHY this or that is so, or happened.
E.g. He was late and therefore (for this reason) missed the bus.
E.g. There are frequent rock slides in that area. Therefore, no one is allowed to enter.
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1. Hence意思是「 因此」或「 導致」,字義是跟therefore相同,但用法不同。
We suspect that the agency is trying to hide something, hence the need for an independent inquiry.
在這邊hence後面並非連接子句,而是接名詞片語!
2. Hence 在正式(科學)的文章可以當轉折詞,意思仍然是「 因此」。
The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry. Hence(,) factory location is an important consideration.
這邊逗號在正式寫作常省略掉。
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這三個字都有共同點,所以同學自然在使用時容易混淆,而且大部分母語者也分不太清楚這三者間的差異。但是同學在學術寫作時還是必須選擇適當的詞彙,才能精準表達自己的想法及觀點。若用字上不夠明確,很容易誤導讀者而失去原先欲傳遞的訊息。
建議同學還是要分清楚這三字細微的區別才能更精準、有效、流暢地呈現文章的要點間的連貫。
詞彙區別:http://goo.gl/xnhtQg
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Sources:
https://painintheenglish.com/case/4452/
https://goo.gl/s5VRv7
https://www.ldoceonline.com/
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
https://corpus.byu.edu/coca/
https://jakubmarian.com/so-thus-therefore-and-hence-in-english/
many adverb 在 Step Up English Facebook 的最讚貼文
HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM DẠNG BÀI TẬP TỪ LOẠI
* Yêu cầu cơ bản : -Học thuộc nhóm từ loại: Tính-Danh-Động -Trạng.
-Nắm rõ vị trí của các từ loại trong câu.
1/ Tính từ( adjective):
Vị trí :
Trước danh từ: beautiful girl, lovely house…
Sau TOBE:
I am fat, She is intelligent, You are friendly…
Sau động từ chỉ cảm xúc : feel, look, become, get, turn, seem, sound, hear…
She feels tired
Sau các từ: something, someone, anything, anyone……..
Is there anything new?/ I’ll tell you something interesting.
Sau keep/make+ (o)+ adj…:
Let’s keep our school clean.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết : Thường có hậu tố(đuôi) là:
al: national, cutural…
ful: beautiful, careful, useful,peaceful…
ive: active, attractive ,impressive……..
able: comfortable, miserable…
ous: dangerous, serious, homorous,continuous,famous…
cult: difficult…
ish: selfish, childish…
ed: bored, interested, excited…
y: danh từ+ Y thành tính từ : daily, monthly, friendly, healthy…
2/ Danh từ (Noun):
Vị trí :
Sau Tobe: I am a student.
Sau tính từ : nice school…
đầu câu làm chủ ngữ .
Sau a/an, the, this, that, these, those…
Sau tính từ sở hữu : my, your, his, her, their…
Sau many, a lot of/ lots of , plenty of…
The +(adj) N …of + (adj) N…
……………………………………….
Dấu hiệu nhận biết :Thường có hậu tố là:
tion: nation,education,instruction……….
sion: question, television ,impression,passion……..
ment: pavement, movement, environmemt….
ce: differrence, independence,peace………..
ness: kindness, friendliness……
y: beauty, democracy(nền dân chủ), army…
er/or : động từ+ er/or thành danh từ chỉ người: worker, driver, swimmer, runner, player, visitor,…
*Chú ý một số Tính từ có chung Danh từ:
Adj Adv
Heavy,light weight
Wide,narrow width
Deep,shallow depth
Long,short length
Old age
Tall,high height
Big,small size
3/ Động từ(Verb):
*Vị trí :
- Thường đứng sau Chủ ngữ: He plays volleyball everyday.
- Có thể đứng sau trạng từ chỉ mức độ thường xuyên: I usually get up early.
4/Trạng từ(Adverb):
Trạng từ chỉ thể cách(adverbs of manner): adj+’ly’ adv
*Vị trí :
Đứng sau động từ thường: She runs quickly.(S-V-A)
Sau tân ngữ: He speaks English fluently.(S-V-O-A)
* Đôi khi ta thấy trạng từ đứng đầu câu hoặc trước động từ nhằm nhấn mạnh ý câu hoặc chủ ngữ.
Ex: Suddenly, the police appeared and caught him.
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