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效應效應（名詞解釋）
溫室效應 Greenhouse effect
熱島效應 Urban heat island effect
鄰避效應 Not In My Back Yard，NIMBY
突堤效應 groin effect
藤原效應 Fujiwara effect
共伴效應 Accompanied effect
還有什麼效應？
#地理學 #地球科學 #社會學
目前現代化城市越來越明顯的熱島效應 (Urban heat island effect, UHI effect)，Google近期宣布成立樹冠實驗室 (Tree Canopy Lab)，透過航空照片、近紅外線影像等資料，配合人工智慧分析方式確認各個城市內的綠化覆蓋率，藉此協助城市規劃種植更多樹木減少熱度產生。
施宇芳觀點：降低熱島效應，請六都認真進行氣候變遷治理！（05/11/2020 風傳媒）
作者施宇芳為台灣環境保護聯盟學術委員會執行委員
每次夏季到來，台灣本島之溫度與用電量必然同時飆升，特別是居住於都市的你我更容易感覺到氣候炎熱，而必須頻繁使用空調維持室內溫度，也造成能源供需之緊張關係。
大城市相較於鄉村，有所謂的「熱島效應」 (Urban Heat Island Effect)。所謂熱島效應是指城市溫度明顯高於四周，猶如高溫的孤島的現象，此效應是在人造衛星開始被用於氣候觀察之後，透過影像分析所觀察而命名。
熱島效應的主要原因是綠地的減少與水泥地的增加，另外因玻璃帷幕等大型建築體之出現，影響城市對流，也造成空調等耗能設施的大量使用，高聳的建築體更不斷延伸到原本的綠地或河岸，種種因素都讓城市溫度不斷升高。根據資料，台灣近30年來全平均每10年上升0.24℃，而台中市平均每10年上升0.32℃。
既然知道上述理由造成熱島效應，學者研究認為熱島效應可透過下列方法進行改善及預防，比如說增加植樹面積，比如說屋頂綠化，比如說使用氣候變遷友善的路面鋪材，比如說透過都市計畫避免唐突的高聳建物以確保對流，比如說紅樹林保護等等。簡單來說就是避免熱能因為人造物而不斷反射或折射回到空氣中(例如玻璃帷幕大樓)，抑或是減少熱能的產生(例如大量汽車)。
在這講求數據治理的年代，最重要的氣候變遷治理基本功就是取得環境數據，進行策略規劃與資源有效挹注，面對熱島效應亦然。根據近日之新聞報導，台中市政府於2020年開始跟學界合作，進行溫溼度資料量測收集以進行大數據分析，目的是建構"微氣象地圖"，找出台中市的"熱點"以進行改善方案(例如種樹引風、種樹增綠、營造友善樹木城市等)，以控制熱島效應，減少升溫。此納入大量數據收集分析之氣候變遷治理有實質之重要性。
觀諸台中市政府原本就與中央(環保署)合作在全市設置將近900座之空品微型感測器，鎖定工業區等空污熱點進行24小時監測，台中市整府僅需在空污偵測設備上加載相關感測元件即可實踐氣候變遷數據治理，即可持續蒐集溫度、濕度資料，掌握都市微氣候現況。當市政府能夠更明確縝密的掌握氣候狀況，就能夠有更多資訊進行政策規劃及資源投注，以避免熱島效應之加劇。
台灣六都其實某程度屬於相互競爭以吸引住民及投資者之微妙關係。而在澳洲大火之後，所有人都無法否認永續與氣候變遷治理是未來最重要的競爭力。欣見台中市向數據氣候變遷治理往前邁進之努力，值得肯定。在此也鼓勵其他五都能夠更積極地進行氣候變遷治理，減少夏季尖峰用電之需求。另為了讓氣候變遷治理內化成最重要之國家競爭力，懇請行政院將六都對於永續之努力納入未來資源挹注之重要考量因素，相信六都很快都會有亮眼而顯著之進步。
完整內容請見：
https://www.storm.mg/article/2600339
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This video was created in partnership with Bill Gates, inspired by his new book “How to Avoid a Climate Disaster.” Find out more here: http://gatesnot.es/2ZmaeQp
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Animated documentary-style videos on extraordinary Asian events.
Team Kento Bento:
Kento Bento — Researcher, writer, narrator, audio editor, video editor, motion graphics & art director
Charlie Rodriguez — Illustrator
Isambard Dexter — Research assistant
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Video Title: How Hong Kong Became a Giant Refrigerator
"Here’s a statement: over the last 50 years, Hong Kong has become a giant refrigerator. Despite its hot, humid, subtropical climate, the city remains an icicle all year round. But what do I mean by this? Well, Hong Kong has a bizarre problem. It has developed an obsession with air-conditioners so extreme it no longer makes any sense—winter coats are needed during the sweltering summer, and ACs are blasted in the midst of winter. There are many countries around the world that use and abuse their air conditioners—Singapore, Japan, Saudi Arabia, the US, to name a few—but Hong Kong (the city I grew up in), takes all this to a whole new level. So this raises questions—why are there so many ACs? Why is the temperature set so low? And—strangest of all—why can‘t they just turn it off? With Hong Kong, the answer is never simple..."
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