關於 at the beginning用法 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

[時事英文] Alzheimer’s Prediction May Be Found in Writing Tests

沒想到英文寫作可以用來預測阿爾茨海默症。

受試者當中應該沒有第二語言學習者吧。

音檔: https://bit.ly/3lcBTxr

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Alzheimer’s Prediction May Be Found in Writing Tests
阿爾茨海默症可以預測嗎？寫作測試也許提供了答案

Is it possible to predict who will develop Alzheimer’s disease simply by looking at writing patterns years before there are symptoms? According to a new study by IBM researchers, the answer is yes. And, they and others say that Alzheimer’s is just the beginning. People with a wide variety of neurological illnesses have distinctive language patterns that, investigators suspect, may serve as early warning signs of their diseases.

• Alzheimer’s disease 阿爾茨海默症
• symptoms 癥狀、症狀
• according to a new study 根據一個新研究
• a wide variety of 多種～的
• neurological illnesses 神經系統疾病
• distinctive language patterns 獨特的語言模式
• an early warning sign of ～的早期預警訊號

有沒有可能在出現癥狀之前的幾年裡，僅僅通過觀察書寫模式來預測誰會患上阿爾茨海默症？ 根據IBM研究人員的一項新研究，答案是肯定的。而且，他們和其他一些研究人員表示，阿爾茨海默症的預測只是開始。研究人員懷疑，患有多種神經系統疾病的人都有著獨特的語言模式，可能是他們疾病的早期預警信號。

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The researchers examined the subjects’ word usage with an artificial intelligence program that looked for subtle differences in language. It identified one group of subjects who were more repetitive in their word usage at that earlier time when all of them were cognitively normal. These subjects also made errors, such as spelling words wrongly or inappropriately capitalizing them, and they used telegraphic language, meaning language that has a simple grammatical structure and is missing subjects and words like “the,” “is” and “are.”

• word usage 詞彙使用情況
• subtle differences 細微差別
• artificial intelligence 人工智慧
• repetitive 重複的
• telegraphic language* 電報式語言
• simple grammatical structure 簡單的語法結構

研究人員利用一個人工智慧程序，檢查受試者的詞彙使用情況，尋找語言上的細微差別。他們鑒定出一組受試者，在早期所有人的認知能力都正常的情況下，他們的用詞重複情況更為嚴重。這些測試對象還會犯一些錯誤，比如拼寫錯誤或者大寫使用不當，而且會使用電報式語言——語法結構簡單，漏掉主語以及「the」、「is」和「are」這樣的詞。

*telegraphic language is speech during the two-word stage of language acquisition in children, which is laconic and efficient but lack of function words, tense and plural endings on nouns.

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The members of that group turned out to be the people who developed Alzheimer’s disease. The A.I. program predicted, with 75 percent accuracy, who would get Alzheimer’s disease, according to results published recently in The Lancet journal EClinicalMedicine. “We had no prior assumption that word usage would show anything,” said Ajay Royyuru, vice president of health care and life sciences research at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y., where the A.I. analysis was done.

• develop a disease 患上疾病
• with % accuracy 準確率達～％
• no prior assumption 沒有先想到、先假設到
• usage （詞語或語言的）用法
• A.I. analysis 人工智慧分析

這群人後來都患上了阿爾茨海默症。根據《柳葉刀》(The Lancet)子刊《臨床醫學》(EClinicalMedicine)最近發表的研究結果，該人工智慧能夠預測誰將患上阿爾茨海默症，準確率達75%。「我們之前沒有想到用詞情況還有這個用途，」紐約州約克敦高地的IBM托馬斯·沃森研究中心(IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center)醫療保健和生命科學研究副總裁阿賈伊·羅伊尤魯(Ajay Royyuru)說。人工智慧分析就是在該中心進行的。

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文章來自《紐約時報》: https://nyti.ms/3pXsI5l

圖片來源: http://bit.ly/3qsX3sb

#音頻治療 繼續分享音叉的用法。除了上次分享的「聽」音叉之外，第二種用法就是直接放在身體的穴位和脈輪上。音叉響起的時候會有震動。這種有重量的音叉會把震動再放大，讓感覺更明顯。放在身體上有種按摩或被震動「針灸」的感覺。每隻音叉也是不同的治療性的頻率，視頻裡的是136.1Hz的OM頻率，我把它用在朋友手掌上的「心輪」穴位上，幫她「通」這個輪位。有時候我也會用在自己臉上通淋巴 🧚😊 #soundON
Continuing to share how my tuning forks therapy works. Apart from “listening” to the frequencies, a second way to use the forks are to put them directly on-body on meridian or chakra points to aid energy flow and heal body parts related to those points. The forks vibrate when activated (struck) and these weighted forks make the vibrations more prominently felt. When put on body, it’s like a light massage or almost like a vibrational acupuncture! I’m using an OM fork at 136.1Hz at the beginning here on my friend’s heart chakra point on her palm.

#tuningforks #soundhealingtherapy #frequencies #vibrations #tuningforkstherapy #soundtherapy #holistichealing #holistichealth #atlantissoundhealing #healing #energy #spirituality #weekend #treatyourself #hkhealth #hk #hkig #陳明憙 #陳明憙jocelyn #citylife #ancient #naturalhealing #wellness

#你不知道的美國大小事 #hardnut
Food Idioms 💬 美國生活用語之其他食物：Nut
上班昏昏欲睡嗎？來嗑點健康的堅果吧～

1⃣ sb. is a nut
2⃣ work for peanuts
3⃣ from soup to nuts
4⃣ in a nutshell
5⃣ sb./sth. is a hard nut

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Other than fruit, what else makes a healthy snack? Nuts! While there may not be as many nut-related idioms (unless you include those related to a certain part of the male anatomy, but we won’t go there), there are still enough to tide you over till the next meal.
除了水果，還有什麼健康的零嘴？堅果！雖然與堅果相關的美國用語不是很多（除非你想討論十八禁的用語，但我們可是清新健康的英語學習頻道），不過已經足以讓你撐到晩餐時間囉！

Let’s start with the word nut itself. Aside from being a tasty snack, 1⃣ a nut can be a strange or crazy person: Just ignore that guy—he’s a nut. A nut can also be an enthusiast: Tom is a tennis nut—he plays every day. Or add an “s” and you have an adjective meaning “crazy”: You’d have to be nuts to go skydiving!
我們先來談談nut這個字。它除了很好吃，nut還可以指「瘋子或怪人」，如： Just ignore that guy—he’s a nut.（不要理那個人──他是個瘋子）。nut也可以指「對某事相當狂熱者」，如：Tom is a tennis nut.（湯姆是個網球愛好者。）也就是說他天天打網球。在nut後面加個s就變成形容詞用法，指「瘋狂的」，如：You’d have to be nuts to go skydiving!（你一定是瘋了才去跳傘！）

Technically, peanuts aren’t nuts (they’re actually legumes), which may be why they’re so cheap. So cheap, in fact, 2⃣ that “peanuts” can mean “a very small amount of money”: Students often have to work for peanuts.
嚴格來說，花生雖然有nut幾個字，但並非堅果類（其實是莢豆的一種）。所以其實花生很便宜，因為太便宜了，所以peanuts可以指「非常便宜，花不了幾毛錢」，如：Students often have to work for peanuts.（學生常為了幾斗米折腰。）

At one time, a formal dinner started with soup and ended with port and nuts, so 3⃣ “from soup to nuts” came to mean “leaving nothing out, from beginning to end”: That store sells everything from soup to nuts.
以前的正餐是以湯品開始，以波特酒與堅果為結尾，所以from soup to nuts後來有「任何東西都有；從頭到尾」的意思。如：That store sells everything from soup to nuts.（那間商店的商品包羅萬象。）

If you’re a tree, what’s inside a nutshell—a nut—is both small and important. For this reason, 4⃣ “in a nutshell” has come to mean “in sum, in brief”: It’s a long story, but in a nutshell, I got fired. Another thing about nutshells is that they’re hard, which makes a nut tough to crack. 5⃣ If a person, problem or situation is “a tough/hard nut to crack,” it means they’re difficult to deal with or understand: I’ve known Bob for a year, but he’s a tough nut to crack.
如果你是一棵樹，堅果外殼裡面會有什麼──既小但又很重要的堅果。因此in a nutshell延伸為「簡單來說，一言以蔽之」。如：It’s a long story, but in a nutshell, I got fired.（說來話長。不過一句話，我被炒魷魚了。）另外，堅果殼太硬，常要花很大力氣才撬得開，所以我們如果說某人事物是a tough/hard nut to crack，就是說他們「很難搞，或很難捉摸」。如：I’ve known Bob for a year, but he’s a tough nut to crack.（我認識鮑伯一年了，不過他真的很謎。）

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🔔 按下「搶先看」，每週五【美國大小事】，由 Judd 編審分享最即時美國新鮮事！想知道更多美國文化，請看 👉 http://bit.ly/EZTalk嚴選