關於 colonial america ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【2H21 Collaborator產經共學社招生 - 申請表單開放中】
培訓計畫除參與社課外，社員也需要定期產出報告，為了帶大家更了解Colla，小編要跟大家分享的是社員們本學期的學習成果✨✨✨自本學期開學至06/05為止，社員已產出11篇Event報告及13篇Junior報告，快來看看有沒有你有興趣的主題吧！📖

【社團學期成果展現（上）- Intern】
一學年的培訓計畫分成兩大主軸，一開始加入計劃會從Intern 開始。那麼，Intern時期最重要的GWE又是什麼呢？🤔
GWE，其實就是Global Weekly and Event，Intern需整理每週全球市場(美國、歐洲、亞洲、台灣和新興)的財經要聞和指數總覽，並針對市場上重要議題或國際事件做分析報告，培養市場敏銳度，磨練基本功。

#Event：至06/05為止共產出11篇Event報告。
#社員分享：Event注重的是即時性與重要性。最大的收穫就是培養關注國際政經趨勢的習慣，並能在一次次的報告中，獲得硬實力(整理資料、分析、提出自我觀點)與軟實力(分組合作、做簡報、上台發表)的成長。

📍03/20 新冠肺炎疫苗現況與影響
https://reurl.cc/XWVMWM ：疫苗量能將會影響各經濟體復甦腳步，來看看各國疫苗供給現況吧。
📍03/27 近期美債飆升分析與未來展望
https://reurl.cc/lRergQ ：隨著市場提升通膨預期及美國經濟逐漸復甦，美債殖利率的未來展望為何？
📍04/10 SPAC 現況分析與未來展望
https://reurl.cc/6a0Ojr ：2020年SPAC在美國爆發式成長，短長期動能為何？
📍04/17 談拜登America Job Plan政策與影響
https://reurl.cc/4apelD：美國總統拜登2.3兆美元的基礎建設計畫將帶來哪些領域的影響呢？
📍04/24 房地合一稅2.0對台灣房市的影響
https://reurl.cc/4ape82：2021年4月9日立法院三讀通過《所得稅法》部分條文修正草案，立法目的為何及將會如何影響台灣房市？
📍05/01 Coinbase 上市分析
https://reurl.cc/5rpWE6：Coinbase 上市動機及短長期影響為何？

📣以下Event報告即將上架粉專，請準時收看📣
📍05/08 Archegos 爆倉事件：
對沖基金Archegos槓桿操作失利進而爆倉，其風險來源為何及未來如何避免此類事件再次發生？
📍05/15 花旗退出亞洲消金市場事件：
因美國投資人對花旗消費金融業務獲利能力之要求，花旗需在「普惠」與「高端」間取捨，其消金及財務管理業務未來發展性為何？
📍05/22 Colonial油管遭駭：
駭客組織DarkSide對殖民油管進行勒索，造成美東岸多個州石油短缺。近期駭客攻擊事件大增因素為何？未來該如何有效避免？
📍05/29 碳權交易趨勢與對產業影響：
在巴黎協議簽訂後，多數國家以2050年去碳化為主要目標，那碳權交易相關交易機制及產業脱碳挑戰為何呢？
📍06/05 亞馬遜併購米高梅案分析：
亞馬遜併購電影三小巨頭之一的米高梅的動機及綜效為何？

看完了以上，相信大家對於身為Colla社員的定期產出有更深入的瞭解，想做出近業界要求的報告，勢必得投入大量時間。另一方面，可以發現到報告主題包羅萬象，只要你有想法，很歡迎深入探索各種議題。以培訓過程中學習到的知識、宏觀邏輯及數據轉化成產出，最終內化成自己的能力。
相信經過多次的報告磨練及透過得到的回饋不斷學習，這樣做中學的方式，絕不會辜負大家最初加入社團的期待及Colla的核心價值—金融實務經驗接軌、共學培訓文化、邏輯與表達訓練及長期人脈建立！

➡️正式申請表單⬅️
📬連結：https://forms.gle/HmvPu92mBYwjrfYSA
💡表單截止日: 7/3 (六)
💡面試名單公布日期: 7/8 (四)
💡線上面試預定時間: 7/10 (六)、7/11 (日)
*表單回覆內容將妥善保存，不提供外界使用，也不會透露給非申請者及本社面試人員以外之人。請放心填寫。
*表單完成所需時長因人而異，作答者須上傳一份pdf形式的一頁履歷。建議保留填答內容，以防填答到一半資料遺失。

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ช่วงศตวรรษที่ 15 ถึงศตวรรษที่ 19 เปรียบเสมือนฝันร้ายของชาวแอฟริกัน
มหาอำนาจในยุคล่าอาณานิคมต่างเดินทางมาแอฟริกาเพราะต้องการ “แรงงานทาส”

หนึ่งในแหล่งค้าทาสที่สำคัญในสมัยนั้น คือประเทศที่มีเมืองหลวงตั้งอยู่ตะวันตกสุดของทวีปแอฟริกา...
Continue ReadingSenegal from former slave traffickers to current challenges / by Investing Man
The 15th to 19th century is like an African nightmare.
The power of colonial hunting era came to Africa because they wanted ′′ slave labor ′′

One of the major source of slave traffickers in those days is the country with capital in Africa's continent's far west.
named ′′ Republic of Senegal ′′

What story is this country going through
Investing man will tell you about it.
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Senegal name comes from Portuguese that means part of the water.
Due to the west land of the country adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean.

Senegal Capital called ′′ Dakar ′′ located west of the country and west of Africa.

Location is conducive to maritime trade
Dakar becomes the center of West Africa's major trade.

The first nation to set up a trade station is Portugal, the world colonial in the early era.
To exchange goods with African capitalists
Especially ′′ slave labor ′′
To apply to labor in Brazilian cane farm, Portugal colonies in those days.

Slaves in the African continent will be brought to Dakar.
Then boarded to an island called Gory.
A small island 3 km from Dakar city in the Atlantic Ocean.
To wait for exchange with another product
This island place is called ′′ House of Slaves

After Portugal, the power of those days took over this island.
Both England, Netherlands
To export slaves to labor in their colony

But the nation that influences Senegal the most is France.

The year of July. Prof. 1659 West African area becomes a French colony.
This includes Senegal

France set Dakar to be a trade hub with West African countries.
And got the right to occupy Gory Island from Netherlands.
To export slaves to labor in South North America.

And set up a city to expand trade at the Senate River's mouth.
300 km from Dakar city, north along the coastline.
Name this city ′′ St. Louis ′′

France lays the foundation for Senegal as a trade goal to Africa.
Build a railroad between Dakar and St. Louis for shipping.

Also laying the education foundation for locals
To help with product trade
By the founding of the University in Dakar and St. Louis

That's why Senegal uses French in government language.
And use Saefa fringe as the main currency of the country.

And then the 5 century slavery trade ended in mid 19th century.

Later in July Prof. 1960 Senegal is also free from the French colony.
Been ruling the country with president and local government since then.

Even Senegal is a major economic hub of West Africa.
But due to over half of the country, the upper part is in the Sahara Desert.
Making space for farming is limited
So relying on large amounts of foreign food imports and energy.

Assembled with main export products like mineral phosphate. Products from peanut oil fishery are low value.

Government loaned a lot of foreign debt to spend.
And intervene in domestic product prices to low levels.
Senegal is missing the account balance. Keep walking.

Poor in the year. Prof. 1994 Senegal government needs economic reform.

Starting from decreasing 50 % of Zefa's money, causing domestic inflation to 32 % immediately because imported products have higher prices.

From the beginning Senegal used a fixed exchange rate tied to the Euro, it changed to the floating exchange rate.
Reducing government price interventions
And receive subsidy from IMF and other countries like France, USA.

Even the economy can move on.
But Senegal is still missing the account balance. Keep walking.
From relying on foreign imports and subsidies all the time.

Year 2016, lack of accounting. 4.2 % of GDP.
Year 2017, lack of accounting. 7.3 % of GDP.
Year 2018, lack of accounting. 6.9 % of GDP.

So, so
Senegal challenge right now
How to manage resources and value goods in the country
To be more dependent on yourself.
No need to wait for foreign aid all the time.

From Senegal's story, a lesson that we learned.
Although most African countries now have better status from the past with the slave trade.
But these countries are going to have a small economic size.
Because of lack of exportable product development at high value
And rely on importing from foreign goods

Most developed countries are the opposite.
Importing products will be imported to produce high value goods to export.

Trick it's up to what these countries do
To be free from this problem
Which, if possible, will eventually make the economy equal to other countries..
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References
-https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal/overview
-https://www.britannica.com/place/Senegal
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal
-https://tradingeconomics.com/senegal/current-account-to-gdp
-https://www.britannica.com/place/Goree-Island
-https://www.britannica.com/topic/transatlantic-slave-tradeTranslated

「千古罪人」同Sir Malcolm Rifkind嘅國際級文宣！

由前港督Lord Patten of Barnes同前英國外交大臣Hon Sir Malcolm Rifkind發起嘅國際聯署聲明，一個星期內由廿幾個國家嘅201個議員，依家聯署議員人數去到50國家728個議會政界人士！最壯觀不外乎係日本，不過唔該留意下嗰啲小國，例如科索沃、阿爾巴尼亞、立陶宛、斯洛伐克、緬甸等等小國，哪怕佢地得一兩個代表支持，但係以前人地國家出現問題，自問大家何曾理會過？睇完新聞下一秒就已經「哦，邊度黎㗎？」，然後食買玩揾錢唔記得...依家人地反而出黎支持...喂！簽個名有政治代價㗎，唔係應份！（本人自己都覺得有些少羞恥）

5月23號開始國際報導有19個國家（EU27國當一個）201位
5月26號30個國家284位
5月27號33個國家457位
5月28號33個國家659位
5月29號36個國家728位

肥彭見到之後表示：

"The statement shows growing and widespread international outrage at the decision by the Chinese government to unilaterally impose national security legislation in Hong Kong. The breadth of support, which spans all political parties and four continents, reflects both the severity of the situation and ongoing unified international support for the principle of one-country, two-systems."
（呢個聲明嘅簽署人數增長同國際上擴闊嘅速度，代表全世界都對中國單方面响香港行使國安法嘅不滿程度不斷增加。咁多地區同國家嘅跨黨派政界人士支持，就了解到情況有幾嚴重，同時代表國際幾咁支持香港維持「一國兩制」。）

仍然都係嗰句，728呢個唔係數字，除咗代表咗呢兩個廢國銀髮「舊電池」嘅外交文宣實力，亦表示全世界有咁多國家同地區嘅政界同民選議員，背負住佢地嘅選民支持香港（班「暴徒」）。請無知的Haters、Doubters、負能樣唔好再用簡單易分法將一個國家當係黃藍店或者偽人，剩係得「奶」同「唔奶」！因為佢地都係有名有姓，為咗尊重，係需要再重新列多次，今次長三倍！

廢國下議院議員：
Debbie Abrahams MP, former Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
Gareth Bacon MP
Andrew Bowie MP
Andrew Bridgen MP
Anthony Browne MP
Fiona Bruce MP, Chair of the Conservative Party Human Rights Commission
Chris Bryant MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Alistair Carmichael MP, Liberal Democrats Foreign Affairs Spokesman
Wendy Chamberlain MP
Sarah Champion MP, Chair of the International Development Committee
Daisy Cooper MP
Neil Coyle MP, Member of the Foreign Affairs Committee
Rt. Hon Ed Davey MP, Leader of the Liberal Democrats and former Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
Geraint Davies MP
Dr James Davies MP
Dehenna Davison MP
Martyn Day MP
Dave Doogan MP
Peter Dowd MP, former Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Tim Farron MP, former Leader of the Liberal Democrats
Simon Fell MP
Marion Fellows, MP
Rt. Hon Liam Fox MP, former Defence Secretary and International Trade Secretary
Rt. Hon Damian Green MP, former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for the Cabinet Office
Jonathan Gullis MP
Andrew Gwynne MP, former Shadow Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government
Antony Higginbotham MP
Wera Hobhouse MP
Kevin Hollinrake MP
Christine Jardine MP
Imran Khan MP
Daniel Kawczynski MP
Chris Law MP, SNP Spokesperson for International Development
Caroline Lucas MP
Craig Mackinlay MP
Paul Maynard MP
Jason McCartney MP
Stewart M McDonald MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Anne McLaughlin MP
Gagan Mohindra MP
Carol Monaghan MP
Layla Moran MP
Kieran Mullen MP
Caroline Nokes MP
Sarah Olney MP
Tom Randall MP
Rob Roberts MP
Andrew Rosindell MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Bob Seely MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Andrew Selous MP
Virendra Sharma MP
Henry Smith MP, Member of the UK Foreign Affairs Committee
Rt.Hon Sir Iain Duncan Smith MP, former Secretary of State for Work andPensions and Leader of the Conservative Party
Alyn Smith MP, SNP spokesman for International Affairs
Jamie Stone MP
Rt. Hon Stephen Timms MP, Chair of the Work and Pensions Select Committee
Tom Tugendhat MP, Chair of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee
Jamie Wallis MP
James Wild MP
Craig Williams MP
Munira Wilson MP

廢國上議院議員：
Rt. Hon Lord Addington
Rt. Hon Lord Alderdice, former President of Liberal International
Lord Alton of Liverpool
Rt. Hon. Lord Adonis
Rt. Hon Lord Arbuthnot of Edrom
Rt. Revd Nicholas Baines, Bishop of Leeds
Baroness Bakewell of Hardington Mandeville
Rt. Hon Lord Balfe
Rt. Hon Baroness Barker
Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle, former Leader of the Green Party
Lord Blackheath
Rt. Hon Baroness Blackstone
Rt. Hon Baroness Boothroyd of Sandwell, former Speaker of the House of Commons
Baroness Bonham-Carter of Yarnbury
Lord Bowness
Rt. Hon Lord Boyle, Earl of Cork and Orrery
Baroness Burt of Solihull
Rt. Hon. Lord Campbell of Pittenweem QC, former leader of the Liberal Democrats
Rt. Hon Baroness Chalker of Wallasey
Lord Craig of Radley, former Chief of the Defence Staff
The Lord Bishop of Coventry
Baroness Cox of Queensbury
Rt. Hon Baroness D’Souza, former Lord Speaker
Rt. Hon Lord Dholakia OBE
Rt. Hon Lord Dubs
Lord Foster of Bath
Rt. Hon Baroness Falkner of Margravine
Rt. Hon Lord Fox
Rt. Hon Baroness Garden of Frognal
Lord German
Lord Gilbert of Panteg
The Earl of Glasgow
Rt. Hon Lord Goldsmith of Allerton, former Attorney General
Rt. Hon Lord Hain of Neath, former Secretary of State for Work and Pensions and Northern Ireland
Baroness Hamwee
Lord Hannay of Chiswick, former UK Ambassador to the United Nations
Baroness Harris of Richmond, Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords
Lord Hogan-Howe of Sheffield, former Metropolitan Police Commissioner
Rt. Hon Lord Howard of Lympne, former Home Secretary and Leader of the Conservative Party
Baroness Humphreys
Rt. Hon Lord Hunt of Kings Heath
Rt. Hon Lord Hylton
Baroness Janke
Rt Hon. Baroness Jolly
Lord Jones of Cheltenham
Baroness Kennedy QC of the Shaws
Rt. Hon Lord King of Bridgewater, former Defence Secretary and Northern Ireland Secretary
Rt. Hon Lord Kinnock, former Leader of the Labour Party and Vice-President of the European Commission
Lord Kirkharle of Curry
Rt Hon. Baroness Kramer
Rt. Hon. Lord Levy, former special envoy to the Middle East
Rt. Hon Baroness Lister of Burtersett
Lord Lucas
Baroness Ludford
Lord Marks of Henley-on-Thames
Rt. Hon Lord Murphy of Torfaen
Lord Newby, Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords
Rt Hon. Baroness Northover
Lord Oates
Lord Palmer of Childs Hill
Baroness Pinnock
Lord Pendry of Stalybridge, Middleweight Colonial boxing champion, Hong Kong 1957
Lord Purvis of Tweed
Lord Razzall
Lord Rennard
Lord Ricketts, former Permanent Secretary at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and former Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee
Lord Scriven
Lord Sharkey
Lord Shipley
Rt. Hon Lord Shutt of Greetland
Baroness Smith of Newnham
Rt. Hon Baroness Stern
Lord Strasburger
Baroness Stroud
Rt. Hon Baroness Suttie
Rt. Hon Lord Swinfen
Baroness Thomas of Winchester
Baroness Thornhill MBE
Lord Tope
Lord Trees
Rt. Hon Viscount Trenchard
Rt. Hon Lord Tugendhat, Former Vice-President of the European Commission
Baroness Tyler of Enfield
Lord Wallace of Saltaire
Lord Wallace of Tankerness, former Deputy First Minister of Scotland
Baroness Walmsley
Rt. Hon and Rt. Revd Lord Williams of Oystermouth, former Archbishop of Canterbury
Lord Willoughby de Broke
Lord Wood of Anfield
Lord Wrigglesworth

蘇格蘭議員：
Ruth Davidson MSP, former leader of the Scottish Conservative Party
Ross Greer MSP, Scottish Green External Affairs Spokesperson

威爾斯議會議員：
Angela Burns MS
Andrew RT Davies MS
Paul Davies MS
Mark Isherwood MS
Caroline Jones MS
Mandy Jones MS
Darren Millar MS
Mark Reckless MS
David Rowlands MS

廢國其他人士：
Bill Browder

廢國前議員：
Rt. Hon John Bercow, former Speaker of the House of Commons and former MP
Rt. Hon David Miliband, former Foreign Secretary and MP
Rt. Hon Rory Stewart, former Secretary of State for International Development and former MP
Rt. Hon Jack Straw, former Foreign Secretary, Home Secretary, and Justice Secretary and former MP

廢國前駐美帝大使：
Sir David Manning, former UK Ambassador to the United States of America

宗教領袖：
Dr Desmond Biddulph CBE, President The Buddhist Society
Fr Timothy Radcliffe, former Master of the Dominican Order Worldwide

美帝參議員：
Senator Benjamin L Cardin, Ranking Member of the Senate Small Business Committee
Senator Ted Cruz, Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Senator Josh Hawley
Senator Edward J Markey, Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on East Asia, the Pacific, and International Cybersecurity Policy
Senator Robert Menendez, Ranking Member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Senator Marco Rubio, Acting Chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee

美帝眾議院議員：
Congressman Robert B Aderholt
Congressman Ami Bera, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Non-proliferation, House Foreign Affairs Committee
Congressman Eliot L Engel, Chairman of US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Congressman Mike Gallagher
Congressman Vicky Hartzler
Congressman Michael T McCaul, ranking member of US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Congressman James McGovern, co-chair of the Congressional Executive Commission on China
Congressman Adam B Schiff, Chairman of the US House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
Congressman Adam Smith, Chairman of US House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services
Congressman Christopher Smith, former Chair of the House Veterans' Affairs Committee
Congressman Tom Suozzi
Congressman Ted Yoho, ranking member of the Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Non-proliferation, US House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs
Frank Wolf, Member of Congress 1981-2014 (retired)

美帝前外交官：
Derek Mitchell, President of the National Democratic Institute and former Ambassador to Burma
Samantha Power, former USA Ambassador to the United Nations
Grover Joseph Rees, former USA Ambassador to East Timor

美帝人權及學術界：
Professor Jerome A. Cohen, Professor of law at New York University School of Law, founding director of its US-Asia Law Institute and adjunct senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations
Garry Kasparov, Chairman of Human Rights Foundation
Daniel Twining, President of the International Republican Institute

歐盟議會議員：
Alviina Alamesta MEP (Greens, Finland)
Francois Alfonsi MEP (Greens, Germany)
Gerolf Annemans MEP (Identity and Democracy Group, Belgium)
Margrete Auken MEP (Greens, Denmark)
Petras Austrevicuis MEP (Renew Europe, Lithuania)
Malik Azmani MEP, (Renew Europe, Netherlands), First-Vice Chair of Renew Europe Group
Jose Ramon Bauza Diaz MEP (Renew Europe, Spain)
Francois-Xavier Bellamy MEP (European People’s Party, France)
Vladimír Bilčík MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Benoit Biteau MEP (Greens, France)
Malin Björk MEP (European United Left - Nordic Green Left, Sweden)
Michael Bloss MEP (Greens, Germany)
Damian Boeselager MEP (Greens, Germany)
Geert Bourgeois MEP (European Conservatives and Reformists, Belgium)
Reinhard Buetikofer MEP (Greens, Germany)
Damien Careme MEP (Greens, France)
Anna Cavazzini MEP (Greens, Germany)
Olivier Chastel MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium)
David Cormand MEP (Greens, France)
Katalin Cseh MEP (Renew Europe, Hungary)
Ciaran Cuffe MEP (Greens, Ireland)
Gwendoline Delbos-Corfield MEP (Greens, France)
Karima Delli MEP (Greens, France)
Pascal Durand MEP (Renew Europe, France)
Bas Eickhout MEP (Vice-Chair Greens, Netherlands)
Engin Eroglu MEP (Renew Europe, Germany)
Anna Fotyga MEP, (European Conservatives & Reformists) Poland former Foreign Secretary of Poland
Daniel Freund MEP (Greens, Germany)
Michael Gahler MEP (European People’s Party, Germany)
Evelyne Gebhardt MEP (Socialists & Democrats, Germany)
Sven Giegold MEP (Greens, Germany)
Raphaël Glucksmann MEP (Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, France)
Markéta Gregorová MEP (Greens, Czech Republic)
Bart Groothuis MEP (Renew, Netherlands)
Claude Gruffat MEP (Greens, France)
Francisco Guerreiro MEP (Greens, Portugal)
Bernard Guetta MEP (Renew Europe, France)
Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice President of the European Parliament (Greens/European Free Alliance, Finland)
Yannick Jadot MEP (Greens, France)
Rasa Jukneviciene MEP, (European People’s Party, Lithuania) former Minister of Defence of Lithuania and former President of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly
Eugen Jurzyca MEP (European Conservatives & Reformists, Slovakia)
Assista Kanko MEP (Vice Chair of the European Conservatives and Reformists, Belgium)
Karin Karlsbro MEP (Renew Europe, Sweden)
Moritz Körner MEP (Renew Europe, Germany)
Andrius Kibilius MEP (European People’s Party, Lithuania), former Prime Minister of Lithuania
Ilhan Kyuchyuk, MEP (Renew Europe, Bulgaria), Vice President of the ALDE
Philippe Lamberts MEP (Co-President Greens, Belgium)
David Lega MEP (European People's Party, Sweden)
Miriam Lexmann MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Erik Marquardt MEP (Greens, Germany)
Javier Nart MEP (Renew Europe, Spain)
Lucia Ďuriš Nicholsonová MEP (European Conservatives & Reformists, Slovakia)
Niklas Nienaß MEP (Greens, Germany), Coordinator in the Committee on Regional Development, Member of the Committee on Culture and Education
Urmas Paet MEP (Renew Europe, Estonia), former Foreign Secretary of Estonia
Mikulas Peksa MEP (Greens, Czechia)
Kira Peter-Hansen MEP (Greens, Denmark)
Kati Piri MEP (Vice-President of the group of Socialists and Democrats, Netherlands)
Guliano Pisapia MEP (Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, Italy)
Peter Pollák MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Terry Reintke MEP (Vice-Chair Greens, Germany)
Diana Riba I Giner MEP (Greens, Spain)
Michèle Rivasi MEP (Greens, France)
Dorien Rookmaker MEP (GO, Netherlands)
Caroline Roose MEP (Greens, France)
Bert-Jan Ruissen MEP (European Conservatives and Reformists Group, Netherlands)
Mounir Satouri MEP (Greens, France)
Petra de Sutter MEP (Greens, Belgium)
Michaela Šojdrová MEP (European People’s Party, Czech Republic)
Ivan Štefanec MEP (European People’s Party, Slovakia)
Tineke Strik MEP (Greens, Netherlands)
Antonio Tajani MEP (European People’s Party, Italy), former President of the European Parliament
Hermann Tertsch MEP, (European Conservatives and Reformists Group, Spain)
Romana Tomc MEP (European People’s Party, Slovenia)
Marie Toussaint MEP (Greens, France)
Ernest Urtasun MEP (Greens, Spain)
Hilde Vautmans MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium)
Guy Verhofstadt MEP (Renew Europe, Belgium), former Prime Minister of Belgium
Thomas Waitz MEP (Greens, Austria)
Lara Wolters MEP (Socialists and Democrats, Netherlands)
Salima Yenbou MEP (Greens, France)

前歐盟議會議員：
John Cushnahan (Ireland), European Parliament Rapporteur on Hong Kong from 1997 -2004, member of the Northern Ireland Assembly 1982-86 and leader of the Alliance Party

前歐盟專員：
Jan Figel, former Deputy Prime Minister of Slovakia and EU Special Envoy for Promotion Freedom of Religion or Belief outside of the EU

日本國會議員：
Sen. Shigeharu Aoyama
Sen. Haruko Arimura
Sen. Tadayoshi Ichida
Sen. Taiga Ishikawa
Sen. Yoshiko Kira
Sen. Yukihito Koga
Sen. Akira Koike
Sen. Takashi Koyari
Sen. Akiko Kurabayashi
Sen. Yuichi Mayama
Sen. Tamayo Marukawa
Sen. Teruhiko Mashiko
Sen. Junko Mihara
Sen. Shingo Miyake
Sen. Satoshi Nakanishi
Sen. Katsumi Ogawa
Sen. Kimi Onoda
Sen. Masahisa Sato
Sen. Hideya Sugio
Sen. Katsunori Takahashi
Sen. Ryosuke Takeda
Sen. Hirofumi Takinami
Sen. Hiroshi Yamada
Sen. Eriko Yamatani
Sen. Taku Yamazoe
Rep. Yukihiko Akutsu
Rep. Akira Amari
Rep. Yoichi Anami
Rep. Hiroshi Andou
Rep. Akinori Eto
Rep. Yasufumi Fujino
Rep. Keiji Furuya
Rep. Kentaro Gemma
Rep. Yoshiaki Harada
Rep. Hiroshi Hase
Rep. Kaichi Hasegawa
Rep. Kimie Hatano
Rep. Yasushi Hosaka
Rep. Kenichi Hosoda
Rep. Maki Ikeda
Rep. Shinji Inoue
Rep. Masatoshi Ishida
Rep. Akimasa Ishikawa
Rep. Kaori Ishikawa
Rep. Tohru Ishizaki
Rep. Takeshi Iwaya
Rep. Mito Kakizawa
Rep. Akiko Kamei
Rep. Yasushi Kaneko
Rep. Akira Kasai
Rep. Hitoshi Kikawada
Rep. Tetsuya Kimura
Rep. Shuhei Kishimoto
Rep. Minoru Kiuchi
Rep. Keiji Kokuta
Rep. Seiichi Kushida
Rep. Jin Matsubara
Rep. Koichi Matsudaira
Rep. Hidehiro Mitani
Rep. Hiromi Mitsubayashi
Rep. Shin Miyakawa
Rep. Tooru Miyamoto
Rep. Hiroyuki Miyazawa
Rep. Nobuko Motomura
Rep. Fumiyoshi Murakami
Rep. Shunsuke Mutai
Rep. Youji Muto
Rep. Takashi Nagao
Rep. Keiko Nagaoka
Rep. Akihisa Nagashima
Rep. Hiroyuki Nakamura
Rep. Kishiro Nakamura
Rep. Yasutaka Nakasone
Rep. Gen Nakatani
Rep. Kazuma Nakatani
Rep. Hideki Niwa
Rep. Kazuhide Okuma
Rep. Makoto Oniki
Rep. Hiroyuki Onishi
Rep. Kensuke Onishi
Rep. Hiroaki Saitoh
Rep. Yoshitaka Sakurada
Rep. Shu Sakurai
Rep. Hiroyoshi Sasakawa
Rep. Akio Sato
Rep. Masahiko Shibayama
Rep. Tadashi Shimizu
Rep. Ryu Shionoya
Rep. Mio Sugita
Rep. Junji Suzuki
Rep. Kaname Tajima
Rep. Kei Takagi
Rep. Takashi Takai
Rep. Tom Tanigawa
Rep. Kiyoto Tsuji
Rep. Hiroshi Ueno
Rep. Yoshiaki Wada
Rep. Kenji Yamada
Rep. Miki Yamada
Rep. Shunichi Yamaguchi
Rep. Shiori Yamao
Rep. Takashi Yamashita

加拿大議員：
Hon. Jim Abbott P.C., Parl. Sec. to the Minister of International Cooperation
Honourable Diane Ablonczy P.C.
The Hon David Anderson, P.C., O.C., Former Senior Federal Minister for British Columbia and Former Minister of Environment
Hon. W. David Angus, QC, Ad. E.
Iain Angus
Ann Atamanenko
The Honourable Eleni Bakopanos, P.C.
Leon Benoit
Tyrone Benskin
David Berger
Maxime Bernier, former Foreign Affaires Minister and now leader of the People’s Party of Canada
L’honorable Jean-Pierre Blackburn
Jean Jacques Blais, P.C., Q.C.
Rod Blaker
Peter Braid
Honorable Herb Breau P.C.
Hon. Pauline Browes, Former Minister of Indian Affairs
Dr. Jan Brown
Lois Brown
Robert Carrier
Hon. Sharon Carstairs PC CM, Former Government Leader Senate of Canada
Corneliu Chisu
Roger Clinch
Irwin Colter, former Minister of Justice and Attorney General
George Cooper
Paul Crete
Hon. Roy Cullen, P.C.
Libby Davies
Nicole Demers
Gilles Duceppe
Leo Duguay
Hon. Art Eggleton P.C.
John English
Ken Epp
Hon. Steven Fletcher
Joan Fraser
Gordon Gilchrist
The Honourable Shelly Glover P.C., Former Minister of Canadian Heritage and Minister for Official Languages for Canada as well as Regional Minister for Manitoba
The Hon. Jerry S. Grafstein
Hon. Bill Graham, P.C., C.M., Q.C., Former Foreign Minister and Minister of Defence
Richard Grisé
Sadia Groguhé
Gary M Gurbin
Jim Hart
Ross Harvey
Loyola Hearn, Former Minister of Fisheries and Oceans and Former Canadian Ambassador to Ireland
Ted Hsu
Lynn Hunter
Hon. David Kilgour, former Canadian Secretary of State for Asia-Pacific and former MP
MPP Daryl Kramp
Hon Walt Lastewka
Derek Lee
Pierre Lemieux
Wendy Lill
Hon. Peter Mackay, former Minister of Foreign Affairs Canada
Hon. Gurbax Singh Malhi
Arnold Malone
Peter Mancini
Richard Marceau
Inky Mark
Philip Mayfield
Murray McBride
Hon. John McDermid P.C.
Lynn McDoanld
Joe McGuire
Audrey McLaughlin
Hon. Tom McMillan P.C.
Isabelle Morin
Eva Nassif
Con Di Nino
Patrick W. O’Brien
John Oliver
Pierre A. Paquette
LaVar Payne
Jean-Claude Poissant
Hon. David Pratt, former Minister of National Defence
Hon. David W Price P.C.
Bob Rae, former Premier of Ontario and Federal MP
Nelson Riis
Svend Robinson
Bob Runciman
Terence J Sargeant
Rathika Sitsabaiesan
Hon Carol Skelton P.C.
Robert D. Sopuck
Thierry St-Cyr
Peter Stoffer
Mike Sullivan
Anna Terrana
Nycole Turmel
Barry Turner
Frank Valeriote
Angela Vautour
Ian G Waddell Q.C
John Weston
Nick Whalen
Rev. Lois M Wilson C.C.
Borys Wrzesnewskyj, Former Chair Canadian Nato Parliamentary Association

Wai Young

澳洲議員：
Kevin Andrews MP, Former Australian Defence Minister, Chairman of the Human Rights sub-committee of the Australian Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
George Christensen MP, Chair, Parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Trade and Investment Growth
Andrew Hastie MP, Chairman of the Parliamentary Joint Committee for Intelligence and Security, Australia
Ian Goodenough MP
Peter Khalil MP, Member of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
Dr Daniel Mulino MP, Member for Fraser
Hon. Edward O’Donohue MP, Victorian Shadow Attorney-General
Dave Sharma MP
Phillip Thompson MP, Member of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade
Tim Wilson MP
Senator Eric Abetz, former Leader of the Government in the Senate
Senator Alex Antic
Senator Slade Brockman
Senator Matthew Canavan, former Minister for Resources
Senator Claire Chandler
Senator Raff Ciccone, Deputy Opposition Whip in the Senate
Senator David Fawcett, Chair of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade, former Assistant Minister for Defence
Senator the Honourable Concetta Fierravanti-Wells, Chair of the Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Delegated Legislation and former Minister for International Development and the Pacific
Senator Kimberley Kitching, Shadow Assistant Minister for Government Accountability and member of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade
Senator Jim Molan
Senator Matthew O’Sullivan
Senator James Paterson
Senator Tony Sheldon
Senator Amanda Stoker
Vicki Dunne, Deputy Speaker, Legislative Assembly for Australian Capital Territory
Bernie Finn MLC, member of the Victorian Legislative Council (upper house)
Janelle Saffin
Hon Michael Danby, former member for Melbourne Ports, former Chair of the Joint Standing Committee Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade

新西蘭議員：
Simeon Brown MP
Marama Davidson MP, co-leader of the Green Party
Simon O’Connor MP, Chair of the Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade Committee
Louisa Wall MP, Deputy Chair of PNND New Zealand and Co-Chair Cross Party Women Parliamentarians

德國議會議員：
Margarete Bause MdB, Green Party Spokeswoman for the Human Rights and Humanitarian AidCommittee
Dr. Danyal Bayaz MdB
Michael Brand MdB, CDU / CSU Spokesman for the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Peter Heidt MdB
Frank Heinrich MdB
Dr. Anton Hofreiter MdB
Eckhard Gnodtke MdB
Gyde Jensen MdB, the Chair of the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Frank Müller-Rosentritt MdB
Omid Nouripour MdB
Martin Patzelt MdB, member of the Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid Committee
Claudia Roth MdB, Vice President of German Bundestag
Dr. Frithjof Schmidt MdB
Jürgen Trittin MdB, former leader of the Greens and former Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety

德國前外交官：
Dr. Volker Stanzel, former German ambassador to China and Japan

意大利議員：
Alex Bazzaro MP
Matteo Luigi Bianchi MP
Enrico Borghi MP
Paolo Formentini MP, Vice-President Foreign Affairs Committee
Alessandro Giglio Vigna MP
Eugenio Zoffili MP
Senator Alessandro Alfieri
Senator Lucio Malan
Senator Roberto Rampi
Senator Adolfo Urso, former Deputy Minister of Productive Activities with delegation to foreign trade

意大利前議員：
Marco Beltrandi, former MP
Rita Bernardini, former MP
Sergio D’Elia, former MP
Amb. Giulio Terzi di Sant’Agata, former Minister of Foreign Affairs (President of the Global Committee for the Rule of Law “Marco Pannella”)
Elisabetta Zamparutti, former MP

瑞典議會議員：
Joar Forssell MP
Hampus Hagman MP
David Josefsson MP
Kerstin Lundgren MP
Frederik Malm MP
Niels Paarup-Petersen MP
Lorentz Tovatt MP

奧地利議員：
Dr. Ewa Ernst-Dziedzic MP
Michel Reimon MP

瑞典議員：
Joar Forssell MP
Hampus Hagman MP
David Josefsson MP
Kerstin Lundgren MP
Frederik Malm MP
Maria Nilsson MP
Lina Nordquist MP
Niels Paarup-Petersen MP
Yasmine Posio MP, member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
Jonas Sjöstedt MP, party leader of the Left party
Håkan Svenneling MP, member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
Lorentz Tovatt MP
Ilona Szatmári Waldau MP, member of the Committee on European Union Affairs
Solveig Zander MP

丹麥議會議員：
Uffe Elbæk MP, former Minister of Culture
Viggo Fischer, former member of parliament

挪威挑議員：
Ola Elvestuen MP
Trine Skei Grande MP
Tina Shagufta Munir Kornmo MP

荷蘭議員：
Kathalijne Buitenweg
Femke Merel van Kooten
Henk Krol
Bram van Ojik
Lilianne Ploumen
Sjoerd Sjoerdsma
Boris Dittrich
Ruud Koole
Ria Oomen-Ruijten
Mei Li Vos
Kathleen Ferrier, former Member of Parliament
Rick van der Ploeg, former Secretary of State for Culture and former Member of Parliament

比利時議員：
Séverine de Laveleye, Member of the Chamber of Representatives

愛爾蘭議員：
Senator Ronan Mullen

烏克蘭：
Hanna Hopko, former member of Parliament and Chairwoman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of Verkhovna Rada (2014-2019), zero Corruption Conference chairwoman, Head of the Board of National Interests advocacy network “ANTS”
Ihor Lutsenko, former member of Parliament (2014-2019), activist of the Revolution of Dignity
Dr. Ulana Suprun, Chairwoman of NGO ArcUA and former Acting Minister of Health (2016-2019)

立陶宛議會議員：
Mantas Adomenas MP
Arvydas Anusauskas MP
Audronius Azubalis MP, former Minister of Foreign Affairs
Laurynas Kasciunas MP
Gabrielius Landsbergis MP
Radvilė Morkunaite-Mikuleniene MP
Emanuelis Zingeris MP, Chair of the Subcommittee on Transatlantic Relations and Democratic Development
Žygimantas Pavilionis MP, former Ambassador of Lithuania to the United States of America

斯洛伐克議會議員：
Alojz Baránik MP
Ján Benčík MP
Peter Cmorej MP
Ondrej Dostál MP
Gábor Grendel MP, Deputy Speaker
Jarmila Halgašová MP
Radovan Kazda MP
Miroslav Kollár MP
Vladimíra Marcinková MP
Peter Osuský MP
Peter Pollák MP
Juraj Šeliga MP, Deputy Speaker
Andrej Stančík MP
Romana Tabák MP
Marián Viskupič MP
Anna Zemanová MP
Miroslav Žiak MP
Jana Žitňanská MP

斯洛伐克議會前議員：
František Šebej, former MP and Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee

捷克議員：
Jan Lipavsky MP

科索沃議員：
Senton Kaçaniku, President of the Institute for Freedom and Justice

俄羅斯：
Vladimir Kara-Murza, Vice-President of the Free Russia Foundation

阿爾巴尼亞議員：
Fatmir Mediu MP, Former Minister of Defense of the Republic of Albania

馬來西亞議員及代表：
Andrew Khoo, Advocate and Solicitor, High Court of Malaya in Malaysia, former Co-Chair of the Human Rights Committee, Bar Council Malaysia
The Hon. Senator P. Waytha Moorthy
Charles Santiago MP, Chair of ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights

馬爾代夫代表：
Dr Ahmed Shaheed, former Foreign Minister of the Maldives and Chair, Universal Rights Group, Geneva

緬甸議員及宗教領袖：
U Kyaw Min San, Member of the Bago Regional Parliament and former legal adviser to the International Commission of Jurists Office
His Eminence Cardinal Charles Bo, Archbishop of Yangon, Myanmar and President of the Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences

南韓代表：
Jin-Tae Kim, Member of the National Assembly and former Prosecutor (Chief of the Wonju Public Prosecutor's Office)
Jung-Hoon Lee, former Ambassador for Human Rights
Yanghee Lee, former UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar; former Chairperson of UN Committee on the Rights of the Child; Professor at Sungkyunkwan University South Korea
Kyung Won Na, member of the National Assembly and former Chair of the Foreign Relations and Unification Committee and floor leader of the main opposition party
Wonsik Shin, Member-elect of the National Assembly and retired Lieutenant General of the ROK Army

印度前議員：
Dr John Dayal, former President of the All India Catholic Union and Member of the National Integration Council

印尼前東南亞國家協會（ASEAN）代表：
Rafendi Djamin, former Representative of Indonesia to the ASEAN Inter-Governmental Commission on Human Rights
Yuyun Wahyuningrum, Representative of Indonesia to the ASEAN Inter-Governmental Commission on Human Rights

菲律賓議員：
Senator Risa Hontiveros, Chair of the Senate Women, Family Relations and Equality Committee
Senator Francis N. Pangilinan, former Senate Majority Leader

#超級國際文宣

原版名單：
https://www.hongkongwatch.org/…/patten-led-group-of-198-par…

*********************************
YouTube新片：
RTHK《視點31》完整無刪剪完整版（連圖文字畫不乎字幕）
https://youtu.be/HgKNJvZjAuw
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＃英國女王 ＃大英帝國 ＃大英國協王國

節重點：
00:00 開頭
00:56 從「大英帝國」到「大英國協」
02:44 最忠心的「大英國協王國」
03:38 什麼！加拿大元首不是杜魯道？
04:57 為什麼要擁戴英國皇室？
06:31 分手派的代表：巴貝多
08:04 巴貝多「出走」，外界怎麼看？
09:10 我們的觀點
10:34 提問
10:52 結尾

【 製作團隊 】

｜企劃：力寧
｜腳本：力寧
｜編輯：土龍
｜剪輯後製：Pookie
｜剪輯助理：歆雅、珊珊
｜演出：志祺

——

【 本集參考資料 】

→The Time Has Come’: Barbados Casts Off the Queen as Head of State, and Others May Follow：https://nyti.ms/31nd6xT
→Opinion | Long live Barbados as a republic, soon to be free of tarnished 'global Britain'：https://bit.ly/2T9wOIX
→「完全擺脫殖民樣貌」 不再把英國女王當國家元首　巴貝多2021年轉為共和制：https://bit.ly/3dInQf6
→巴貝多將取消英女王國家元首地位　讓自己的人民當家作主：https://bit.ly/35gC82U
→As Barbados Drops Queen Elizabeth II, Here’s Where Else The Monarch Is Head Of State：https://bit.ly/2IHC4Br
→Barbados plans to remove the Queen as head of state without a referendum – is that a wise idea?：https://bit.ly/34bZ0B5
→Barbados to remove Queen as head of state：https://bit.ly/3dJaijK
→Times have changed': Barbadians in Reading welcome republic plans：https://bit.ly/37ofCri
→巴貝多將取消英女王元首地位 英議員控中國施壓：https://bit.ly/2HhDJgD
→Royal Family still has huge appeal in Barbados despite fresh bid to axe Queen, study finds：https://bit.ly/2HoXHFZ
→Could Canada follow Barbados and drop the Queen as head of state?：https://bit.ly/2IELUnE
→Open to Debate: Does Canada need a monarchy? ：https://bit.ly/3m65PdU
→Global Opinions | Canada’s embarrassing governor general should resign — and no one should replace her：https://wapo.st/3kevCQz
→Rihanna fans ‘nominate’ her to replace Queen Elizabeth II as Barbados' head of state：https://fxn.ws/34dPFsL
→大英國協元首換人做！查爾斯王子扶正，他從女王手中接過怎樣的國際組織：https://bit.ly/31lXSJi
→你可能不熟悉它，但它涵蓋全世界三分之一人口！關於「大英國協」你不可不知的七件事：https://bit.ly/3dFvMxI
→「成為一個主權獨立的國家」 澳洲八大地方首長表態支持改行共和制：https://bit.ly/2Hj5K7A
→不想再當英國女王伊莉莎白二世的子民？澳洲民調：過半民眾贊同建立「獨立共和國」：https://bit.ly/2HeMLLy
→紐國脫英風潮起 6成民眾想選國家元首：https://bit.ly/37ncwnB
→New Zealand likely to become a republic in my lifetime, Jacinda Ardern says：https://bit.ly/3m4sAi4
→Opinion | Why America Needs a Royal Family：https://nyti.ms/2HkQ6IN
→圖片出處：2011年 威廉王子和凱特王妃首次海外參訪，在加拿大受到熱烈歡迎：https://bit.ly/34bRYMM
→圖片出處：The royal：familyhttps://bit.ly/2Hhn3pw


【 延伸閱讀 】

→The Difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain and England Explained：https://bit.ly/3m66mMW
→Britain misses its empire more than other major post-colonial powers, poll finds：https://bit.ly/3m66nAu
→讓英國首相公開道歉、內政大臣下台的移民醜聞──「疾風號世代」遣返事件：https://bit.ly/31pRYai
→澳洲史上最大政治風暴解密！總督開除總理引爆憲政危機 王室書信公開：英國女王未獲事前通知：https://bit.ly/2T9y0vR

＼每週７天，每天７點，每次７分鐘，和我們一起了解更多有趣的生活議題吧！／

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106台北市大安區羅斯福路二段111號8樓

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A Chinese shop owner recently talked to me about how he ended up getting given fake money, and also after my last video many people were surprised to see the machine at the shop that checks cash to see if it's real or not, is fake and counterfeit money really such a big problem in China? Is it getting any better? How can you tell if the cash you've been given is real or fake? Watch this video to find out!

When paper money was introduced in China in the 13th century, wood from mulberry trees was used to make the money. To control access to the paper, guards were stationed around mulberry forests, while counterfeiters were punished by death.

In the 1990s, the portrait of Chairman Mao Zedong was placed on the banknotes of the People's Republic of China to combat counterfeiting, as he was recognised better than the generic designs on the renminbi notes.

Some of the ill-effects that counterfeit money has on society include a reduction in the value of real money; and increase in prices (inflation) due to more money getting circulated in the economy - an unauthorized artificial increase in the money supply; a decrease in the acceptability of paper money; and losses, when traders are not reimbursed for counterfeit money detected by banks, even if it is confiscated.

Traditionally, anti-counterfeiting measures involved including fine detail with raised intaglio printing on bills which would allow non-experts to easily spot forgeries. On coins, milled or reeded (marked with parallel grooves) edges are used to show that none of the valuable metal has been scraped off. This detects the shaving or clipping (paring off) of the rim of the coin. However, it does not detect sweating, or shaking coins in a bag and collecting the resulting dust. Since this technique removes a smaller amount, it is primarily used on the most valuable coins, such as gold. In early paper money in Colonial North America, one creative means of deterring counterfeiters was to print the impression of a leaf in the bill. Since the patterns found in a leaf were unique and complex, they were nearly impossible to reproduce.

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Music used: Tourach/Chaos Theory