關於 gradual中文 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

感恩所有报馆的报道 🙏
谢谢 💓 丽玲姐姐爱你们 🥳

抗疫时期应有✅的理财💰知识

谢谢南洋商报 💓 南洋商报 Nanyang Siang Pau
https://www.enanyang.my/北马/槟财务规划委员会-711联办中文理财论坛

谢谢中国报 💓 China Press (中國報)
http://penang.chinapress.com.my/20210630/%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E7%90%86%E8%B4%A2%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B-711%E7%BA%BF%E4%B8%8A%E7%BA%A6%E5%AE%9A%E6%82%A8/

谢谢 光华报 💓 光华日报 Kwong Wah Yit Poh
https://www.kwongwah.com.my/20210630/%E6%8A%97%E7%96%AB%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E5%BA%94%E6%9C%89%E7%9A%84%E7%90%86%E8%B4%A2%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B%E7%BA%A6%E5%AE%9A%E6%82%A8%EF%BC%81/

谢谢光明日报 💓 Guangming Daily-光明日报
https://guangming.com.my/%e6%aa%b3%e8%8f%af%e9%9d%92%e5%9c%98%e7%90%86%e8%b2%a1%e8%ab%96%e5%a3%87-%e8%ab%96%e7%96%ab%e6%9c%9f%e7%90%86%e8%b2%a1%e5%8e%9f%e5%89%87%e7%9f%a5%e8%ad%98

谢谢 💓
https://cforum.cari.com.my/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=4284590&extra=

谢谢 💓
https://hotlah.cari.com.my/portal.php?mod=view&aid=154665

谢谢 星州日报 💓
https://www.sinchew.com.my/content/content_2511737.html

谢谢 💓 南洋商报 - 北马区
https://www.enanyang.my/北马/不仅储蓄-投资也是理财

谢谢 💓 The Star The Star
https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2021/07/15/pandemic-driven-financial-habits

Facing financial problems during the fighting periods against the pandemic

Dr Tan Chuan Hong: Welcome to free registration for attending 711 Mandarin Personal Financial Planning Forum.

The Chairman of the Malaysian Financial Planning Council Penang Chapter, Dr. Tan Chuan Hong urged the public to register to join the forum which will be held on July 11 (Sunday) at 2:30 pm. The forum “Knowledge, Attitude and Implementation of Personal Financial Planning during the Fighting Period against the Pandemic" is organised by Penang Chinese Town Hall Youth together with live broadcaster "Ling Listening to Your Heart".

He said that during the fighting period of more than a year against the pandemic, many people are facing financial pressures and suffering from mental illnesses such as depression, and there is a gradual increase in them.

Dr Tan Chuan Hong said that beside public hope that the government can give more assistance and revitalization packages to assist them, the council also hopes to provide more correct and positive financial management knowledge through this Personal Financial Planning forum. So that, the public can have a broader and long-term vision to deal with their own financial problems, whether it is to increase income and reduce expenditure, relieve debt pressure, prudent and smart investment or asset allocation and other arrangements as well as have a better understanding and wise decision-making.

"In terms of financial management attitude, we should handle financial crisis more carefully, and at the same time avoid overconfidence and fluke mentality to seek for opportunities of rapid gaining investment.”

Dr Tan Chuan Hong hopes that through this Personal Financial Planning forum, people can have a more rational attitude and strive to reduce emotional consumption when implementing their own money and avoid falling into investment scams with smarter financial management.

In addition, Penang Chinese Town Hall Youth YouTalk Online Bureau Chief said that the online live broadcast sharing session planned by Penang Chinese Town Hall Youth will mainly discuss about public welfare content related to citizens' awareness.

This is the sixth event which was also co-organized by the Penang Chapter of MFPC collaborated with famous artist Cindy Po 傅丽玲 ; and an interview will be carried out among Deputy President of Malaysian Financial Plaining Council Dr Chong Kok Fei who is also a Financial Education Manager of AKPK together with Chairman of MFPC Penang Chapter and Certified MFPC Trainer Dr Tan Chuan Hong.

Those who are interested in participating in this online Personal Financial Planning online forum can register for free (for the public) https://1st.mfpc.org.my/PublicEventRegistration/280, and (for MFPC members) through https://1st.mfpc .org.my and will get 2 CPDs points.

一封給國家地理頻道「Dog: Impossible」節目負責人的公開信:

An open letter to the leadership team of Nat Geo Wild Dog Impossible:

Translate: Yu-Hwa Su 翻譯: 蘇昱華
Proof: Yen Ke 校對: 葛雁

The International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC) applauds National Geographic’s mission to offer intelligent, relevant and captivating non-fiction entertainment. This is a crucial objective, especially as an introduction to children and viewers largely relying on television for their scientific information.
國際動物行為諮詢師協會（IAABC）對於國家地理頻道致力於提供電視觀眾正確知識與科學內容表示讚賞。這是一個非常重要的目標，特別是對依賴電視得到這些知識的兒童與其他觀眾們來說。

However, your stated mission is in direct conflict with your show Dog: Impossible. In fact, the irresponsible treatment of the dogs and people on this show flies in the face of all best practices in animal training and behavior. Rather than promoting science and scientifically-proven methodology, Dog: Impossible sacrifices learning science for more dramatic television.
然而，貴頻道所提供的節目「Dog: Impossible」卻與貴頻道「提供正確的科學知識」的一貫立場衝突。節目中對犬隻以及飼主的不負責處理方式與應有的動物訓練及行為操作的準則相違背。「Dog: Impossible」並沒有提倡科學以及經科學驗證的方法，這節目犧牲了對科學的學習，轉而追求吸睛的電視節目效果。

Matt Beisner appears to have no credentials or education in training and behavior, yet he refers to himself as a behaviorist. His claim that “energy is the one language that every animal on the planet speaks” makes clear he is not one.
Matt Beisner並沒有動物訓練或行為學的相關學習經歷與證照，卻宣稱自己是一位行為學家。從他的主張：「能量是地球上所有動物都會使用的共通語言」，便能明白他並不是行為學家。

His statement, “You don’t need tricks, you don’t need treats, you don’t need force,” shows just how unaware of his own actions he is. His misuse of scientific terminology leads viewers to believe they are learning demonstrated, safe and accepted strategies in helping their dogs. In fact, Mr. Beisner is forcing these dogs from start to finish of each episode. His own “tricks” are that of over-stressing dogs until they’re in a state referred to in psychology and science as “learned helplessness.”
他主張「你不需要技巧、零食、或蠻力 (去訓練狗)」，這顯示出他對於自己的所做所為一無所知。他對科學術語的濫用也會誤導觀眾，讓觀眾以為他們正在學習經證實有效而且安全可接受的方法來幫助狗狗。但這位訓練師在每一集節目上從頭到尾都是在逼迫這些狗，而他所擁有的「技巧」，就是讓狗進入過度緊迫的狀態，直到牠們進入心理學和科學上所指的「習得無助」（learned helplessness）狀態。

Learned helplessness occurs when a subject endures repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control. Originally thought to show a subject's acceptance of their powerlessness, for more than half a century it’s been known instead to be the emotional “shutting down” of the subject. Anxiety, clinical depression, and related mental illnesses are common consequences of this technique in humans.
「習得無助」發生在動物沒有任何控制權，且重複地被施加嫌惡刺激的時候。最初，人們認為習得無助狀態意味著動物「接受」了自身無法改變、無能為力的情形，超過半個世紀以來，人們認為這是動物情緒「關機（shutting down）」的表現。在人類身上，習得無助的常見結果包含焦慮、憂鬱症、以及相關的心理疾病。

Allow us to note some aspects of the trailer and his shows, but first, to point out a few well-documented and commonly understood aspects of dog behavior so that we may better make our points understood.
在我們解釋為何我們認為此節目的預告片與內容不適當之前，我們希望先闡述一些正確的犬隻行為常識，以便您能更理解我們的觀點。

Canine body language indicating stress and severe stress:
顯示出壓力以及嚴重緊迫的犬隻肢體語言：

Compressed bodies
Dry, raspy panting
Wide, open eyes with dilated pupils
Heavy drooling
“Whipping” head and body back, pushing off a handler in order to get away
Growling
Fighting
Biting
縮緊身體
急促的喘氣
睜大雙眼、散瞳
大量流口水
甩頭、用前爪推抱著狗的人以退後、試圖掙脫
低吼
打架
開咬

Eleven seconds into the trailer, Mr. Beisner rubs his hands together, smiling, and says, “This is going to be gnarly.” All professionals know from that statement what the series will spotlight: A poorly (if at all) educated non-professional pushing dogs way beyond therapeutic limits, in the name of “results.”
在預告片11秒的地方，Beisner先生搓手並笑著說「等一下會很精采喔」。所有專業人士都知道這句話代表這個節目的亮點將會是：一名缺乏適當教育的訓練師，逼迫狗到超過其能承受的極限，並把這樣的結果稱為是良好的改善。

Flooding, the term for inundating a subject with their fears, phobias and triggers, is ethically questionable at best, cruel and unnecessary, always. There's also a common danger of spontaneous recovery of the phobia. This is because flooding doesn't replace the fear-response with a different response, it just replaces it with no response. “No response” is simply suppression, not cure.
「洪水法」，指的是故意將動物置於恐慌或恐懼的觸發刺激情境，這樣的方法不道德、殘忍、而且沒必要。另外，恐懼的自發性回復（spontaneous recovery）也是洪水法常見的風險，這是因為洪水法並沒有將害怕的反應重新制約成其他不同的情緒行為，它只是讓動物沒有反應。「沒有反應」只是壓抑，動物並沒有因此感到不害怕或恐慌。

Throughout the trailer dogs are flooded with aversive stimuli such as other dogs, people and equipment, something an ethical professional would not, and could not do per any answerable guidelines of animal training and behavior care.
在整個預告片中，狗狗被迫接受各種嫌惡刺激的洪水法訓練，例如其他狗、其他人類和物品，這是具有道德的專業訓練人員不會做的，任何負責任的動物訓練及行為照護準則也不會如此建議。

Systematic desensitization and counterconditioning, gradual exposure to the feared object, and replacement of a negative emotional association with a more pleasant one, are the recommended techniques used to treat such fear and aggression cases, per all legitimate veterinary, training and behavior organizations.
系統性減敏與反制約，也就是逐步與少量的讓狗接觸其本來會害怕的事物，並且將引發的少量負面情緒與其非常喜愛的事物配對給予，是用來處理恐懼及攻擊案例的建議方法，也是每個好的獸醫師、訓練及行為機構會推薦的方法。

Beisner’s statement that “We know at the Zen Yard that dogs help other dogs come out of their shell and face their fear and get past their aggression” isn’t just scientifically unsupportable, his words ring hollow during the very scene playing while he says those words: Beisner restraining one dog, while his co-host pulls a leashed dog to the first in a completely unnatural gesture perhaps intended to either mimic natural dog greeting (it doesn’t) or to flood the heavily drooling dog who is unable to move or get away. The dogs end up in a fight. They have been set up to fail, and the outcome is inevitable.
Beisner宣稱「我們在Zen Yard（他的訓練中心）知道狗會去幫助其他狗融入外界、面對牠們的恐懼並且克服攻擊行為」，這句話不只是缺乏科學支持，在影片中他講出這句話時搭配的畫面，亦表現出他的說詞缺乏支持：Beisner限制了第一隻狗的行動，由節目的共同主持人以牽繩將另一隻狗以一個完全不自然的姿勢拉到第一隻狗身邊，他們可能是在試著模仿狗狗自然的社交打招呼行為（但並不是），或使用洪水法訓練那隻狂流口水（顯示牠很緊張）並且無法逃脫的狗。最終兩隻狗打起來，訓練師製造的這個情境，讓失敗的結果無可避免。

In the trailer, the assistant host, Stefanie DiOrio, states, “Nervousness can easily turn to fear which can lead to aggression.” This is an accurate statement, which is why it’s so confusing that the entire show would be predicated on pushing dogs to the very edge of survivable stress and into predictable aggression, doubling down on the issues that their owners are struggling with.
在預告片中，節目的共同主持人Stefanie DiOrio說「緊張不安很容易變成真正的恐懼，並且導致攻擊行為」，這句話是正確的，但也讓人更加困惑為何整個節目的走向都在將狗推向牠們所能承受壓力的極限、觸發根本可預測的攻擊行為、並使飼主所面對的問題加倍惡化。

We know that the dramatic changes in behavior, from stressed and wildly aggressive to “calm” dogs, make for compelling TV. To an average pet owner it looks like these dogs are making huge improvements. All clients just want their dog to “Stop being aggressive.” However, we also know that behavior suppression is not the same as behavior modification, that a stressed and shut-down dog is a more dangerous animal than one who is actively showing aggression, and that the long-term prognosis of this kind of intervention is poor for both the client and their dog.
我們知道行為上戲劇性的變化，從一隻緊迫且兇猛攻擊的狗轉變成“冷靜”的狗，這個過程代表了高收視率，在不十分了解行為學的飼主眼中看來，這些狗狗似乎有巨大的進步。飼主都只是希望他們的狗「不要再有攻擊性」，然而我們也知道單純抑制攻擊行為的出現，並不是真正的行為改善技術。舉例來說一隻高壓力但看似沒有反應的狗，遠比一隻會表現出攻擊性的狗要危險許多 (譯註: 因為這樣的狗可能會沒有徵兆地開咬)，因此這種抑制攻擊行為的訓練法，以長遠來看對飼主以及狗狗都是有害的。

It is also worth pointing out that, like his predecessor, Mr Beisner’s assessment of cause for much of the issues he’s asked to address is simple, made especially clear in episode 4 where he not only saves a dog, he “saves a marriage:” Women are unable to effectively lead, must be stronger, must change their ways.
另一個值得注意的事是Beisner先生，如同他在同一個頻道的前輩，西薩，對導致問題的原因評估也過於簡化，例如第四集中他聲稱他不只拯救了狗狗，他還「拯救了這段婚姻」，因為女主人無法有效的領導狗狗，因此她必須更堅強，必須改變他們之間的相處模式。

Misogyny, it seems, cures dog behavior problems. Real exploration and explanation regarding the antecedents and consequences around behaviors are ignored in favor of client blaming.
這段貶抑女性的解釋，看起來似乎能改善犬隻的行為問題，然而關於行為問題真正的前因後果卻被指責客戶所取代，並沒有真正的被探討與解釋。

The clients on the show represent thousands of clients throughout the US and beyond with whom we work every day, helping them to help their dogs. Far from being dogs “other people won’t work with,” the dogs on your show are exactly the clients and dogs that IAABC Certified Dog Behavior Consultants, as well as all members of the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists, Certified Applied Animal Behaviorists, and other certified behavior specialists see and successfully work with every day.
節目中所出現的客戶正代表了我們日常工作中所會幫助的人們與他們的狗，呈現的就是我們在美國跟其他國家的上千位客戶。節目中所出現的這些有著行為問題的狗絕對不是「其他訓練師都不想要處理的狗狗」，事實上這些客戶與狗正是IAABC認證的狗行為諮詢師、美國獸醫行為學家、認證的應用動物行為學家或是其他受認證的行為學專家，每天工作的日常。

We do so using the best practices of our field (see https://m.iaabc.org/about/ethics/), adopted by the leading behavior and training organizations, without psychologically or physically harming the animals we work with.
我們在這個領域也使用最嚴謹的訓練師專業道德守則（英文版參見https://m.iaabc.org/about/ethics/，中文版參見https://reurl.cc/72eVkl），這個守則受領先的行為及訓練機構所採用，使訓練師與行為諮詢師在工作時，不對我們經手的動物造成生理或心理上的傷害。

The IAABC urges Nat Geo WILD to stop promoting this public miseducation. The tactics employed in the name of entertainment are unnecessarily harsh and potentially dangerous to the public, and they teach yet another generation of Nat Geo watchers absolutely incorrect and harmful practices.
IAABC呼籲國家地理頻道（Nat Geo WILD）停止傳播此系列誤導公眾的資訊。以娛樂包裝節目的策略對於觀眾是不必要的粗糙而且有潛在風險的，甚至是向頻道的年輕一代觀眾灌輸完全不正確且有害的做法。

It remains a mystery why your network is so intent on harming dogs. After years of Cesar Milan, to now bring in a man equally unskilled, who equates terrified, angry or entrapped dogs to his own addiction history is remarkable. Are we really satisfied conflating ego with compassion, self-focus with an understanding of animal behavior? Is this the “science” your mission stands for?
我們仍然不知為何貴頻道這麼多年來如此堅持持續傷害狗的這些作為。在西薩 (Cesar Milan) 的節目播映多年之後，現在又引進一個同樣缺乏正確訓練技巧，以自身藥物成癮困擾歷史去錯誤的同理恐懼或憤怒的狗的人。我們能接受一個膨脹自我，而非真正擁有同情心、適當自我聚焦、了解動物行為的「專業人士」嗎？這就是貴節目所宣稱的「科學」立場嗎？

The damage Nat Geo is doing to dogs by choosing this type of programming is astounding. We can only assume that the producers are unaware of this, as it’s hard to imagine such harm and cruelty would be deliberate.
國家地理頻道選擇製作這類節目對於狗狗的傷害甚鉅，我們只能假定節目製作人並沒有意識到這點，因為我們難以想像會有人故意去做這樣有害且殘忍的事情。

Would you show a reality program on heart surgery with a photogenic “self-taught” practitioner, simply stating the star was not a doctor before showing him mutilating a real patient?
想問貴節目是否會採用一個上鏡的“自學”外科醫生錄製心臟手術的實境節目，告知觀眾他並非真正的醫生，然後播放他對病患動刀的畫面？

I leave you with the clearest image of suffering and abuse from your trailer: the Aussie, stressed to the breaking point, thick ropes of drool streaming from its mouth, being choked by a slip lead to compensate for the host’s inability to even effectively muzzle a dog. This dog is at the point of collapse. This dog is being tortured, and that is not hysteria. That is an assessment by any educated measure.
作為結尾，我希望指出貴節目預告片中明確顯示出狗狗受苦或受虐的畫面：那隻澳洲牧羊犬已經瀕臨壓力的極限，您可以看到口水掛在其嘴邊 (大量口水為壓力徵兆)，口罩因為沒有確實的配戴而滑脫，導致牠被勒到快要窒息，已在崩潰邊緣。具備專業與適當教育的人員指出，這隻狗因在節目上被虐待而情緒崩潰，並非其本身歇斯底里。

Please stop this cruel and dangerous programming. To do otherwise is to support that self-taught heart surgery and all the consequences it would bring; that this show is currently bringing to families struggling with their dogs.
Professionals refer to Cesar Milan’s influence on dog training as “job security” because so many dogs ruined or made far worse by his teachings are brought to us by well-intentioned, often weeping owners desperate for real help. Often it is too late.
請停止這系列殘酷且危險的節目。否則貴節目就等同於支持前面舉例的自學的心臟外科「醫師」進行手術一樣，這些危險的後果正由觀眾與他們的狗承擔。專業訓犬人士將西薩米蘭對訓犬的影響戲稱為「工作保障」，因為太多飼主使用了他教授的技巧後，狗狗的狀況變得更糟，而哭著迫切尋找真正的協助，此時通常都為時已晚。

We do not want more work due to this same phenomenon.
我們不想要因為這個節目帶來類似影響而接到更多工作。

We’d be happy to provide you with any education and resources you need to inform your producers about what would qualify as responsible, effective, safe and thoughtful work with the same “red zone” dogs you sell so well.
但我們很樂意提供貴頻道任何需要的教育與資源，讓您們的節目製作人對訓犬工作應有的品質有所理解，例如負責、有效、安全，並且理解到對於在節目中出現的這些「危險」犬隻，事實上有更合理的訓練方法。

Thank you for your consideration.
謝謝您的閱讀與理解。

Marjie Alonso
Executive Director, IAABC
For the Board of Directors

Marjie Alonso
IAABC執行長
代表董事會發言

古時候的人，如果要尋找上師，往往得經過口耳相傳的探訪，再歷經千辛萬苦跋山涉水後，才得以拜見隱居於深山洞穴的上師並向其虛心問教；而現在的我們，只要彈指間連上網路，便可以從youtube的影片中飽覽無數名師的教學頻道，欣賞他們輕盈優雅的體位姿態。這樣的我們是幸運的，但從某個層面來說，也可能不是，關鍵在於我們在這些爆炸的資訊中，在這些聲光影像的感官刺激中，能否保有清明的覺知來辨別學習最終的意圖。

我們要來與大家介紹一位老師-Sharmila Desai，她是一位優秀的女性練習者，你或許不曾看過她的體位法影片，也甚少看到她在社群媒體上宣傳自己的教學。她從1997年開始與Guruji及Sharath學習，是KPJAYI的認證老師(Certified)，也在Sharath的委託指示下，編撰了一本關於八肢瑜伽與母親的專書-Yoga Sadhanas for Mothers. 本就低調的她，在結婚成家之後，更有感於Guruji的諄諄提醒「活在當下」，因而決定全心陪伴孩子成長，所以在前些年鮮少有公開的教學活動。

我們有幸於2015年在Mysore認識她，也因為信安與她擔任同時段的助教，而有了更深一層的連結和默契；感謝這次她邀請我們參與她在首次在果亞Purple Valley舉辦的瑜伽營，讓我們有機會與她更近距離地互動，貼近感受她的溫柔力量，以及她多年專注於練習所自然呈現在生活中的從容和智慧。

以下將分享一份Sharmila老師的訪談，她接受中國一個瑜伽相關的網路平台的越洋郵件專訪，她花了非常多的時間，完全無私地分享她練習八肢瑜伽的歷程和體會，特別是以女性及母親的角度為出發點，相信能讓更多人更了解八肢瑜伽帶給我們生命的轉化意義；她總是謙虛地說，這些瑜伽的智慧都是她向前人所學習來的，因而她有義務要將這些智慧分享給更多的人。

訪談全文共分為五個部分，我將依序分段連載；以下為第一部份。

(以下英文原文為Sharmila老師提供連結，由我轉錄自該網路平台，中文部分也重新整理翻譯。原訪談之中英文可參考連結，附於文末。）

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Part 1: The Ashtanga Path
第一部分：八肢瑜伽之路

How do you find the practice? Can you tell something about your days with Guruji?

您是怎麼開始練習八肢瑜伽的？可以分享您與Guruji學習的故事嗎？

I was living in India on a fellowship from Columbia University and working on a project celebrating fifty years of Indian Independence in 1997. It was also the year that I met my Guruji, Shri K. Pattabhi Jois, in Lakshmipuram Mysore who introduced me to the path of Self knowledge through Ashtanga yoga.

Meeting and learning from Guruji was everything I had been searching for and more - a heightened amalgamation of all the dancing, prayer, community service and study I had done previously. Guruji had the ability to have his students fully harness a one pointed concentration (ekagrata) and feel the divine (ishvara pranidhana) when he taught yoga. He aptly dispelled any darkness through the Light of his teachings.

I began learning yoga from Guruji in the afternoon class for Indian students in Lakshmipuram. I did not own a yoga mat at the time so I practiced on the carpet and I learned very slowly. I remember simply practicing suryanamaskara and sitting in padmasana for a long while. Time stood still. Guruji taught me more over the years and I am so grateful for that very gradual growth. It properly established the foundation of the practice with everything gently flowing to and from that base.

1997年時，我正以哥倫比亞的獎學金在印度生活，並為一個慶祝印度獨立五十週年的計劃工作著，就在那年，我在邁索爾的Lakshmipuram遇見了我的Guruji(上師)—Shri K. Pattabhi Jois，他透過八肢瑜伽引領我走向追尋自我的道路。

遇見Guruji並能與他學習，深入融合了我過往在舞蹈、祈禱、社會服務和學術研究的所有經驗，這正是我一直以來所希冀追尋的。Guruji教授瑜伽時，能讓學生全心專注投入，並且從中感受到至上神性，他的諄諄教誨，有如驅散黑暗的一盞明燈。

我最初和Guruji練習瑜伽，是在Laximipuram開設給印度籍學生的下午班，那時我甚至還沒有瑜伽墊，只在地毯上練習，而且進度十分緩慢，我記得我就只練習拜日式和蓮花坐姿好長一段時間，時間有如靜止一般，年復一年，Guruji慢慢教我更多東西，我很感激這樣漸進式的學習和成長，一切皆由根基溫和而生、自在流動，奠定了我練習的基礎。

You are an accomplished dancer, how do you see the connection between dancing and yoga on both physical and spiritual level?

您是一位傑出的舞蹈家，您認為舞蹈與瑜伽在物質和精神層面有什麼樣的連結？

The everyday discipline of Indian classical dance prepared me for Ashtanga yoga as taught by the Jois family. As sadhanas rooted in India they share common elements - both are steeped in Indian mythology, are expressions of devotion and connect the inner and outer worlds of consciousness. Studying Indian dance required tremendous self motivation with a daily practice of two to four hours outside of class and much like Ashtanga yoga one could only move forward after mastery of the present lesson as the Guru saw it. The method to learn was slow and thorough, daily with an emphasis on foundational expertise and also not necessarily in a linear pattern. Only through precision in form, rhythm and rasa could the Divine be invoked.

印度古典舞中的每日紀律，讓我做好準備向Jois家族學習八肢瑜伽。印度古典舞和八肢瑜伽皆是根植於印度的一種修煉形式，因而兩者之間有許多相同的元素：富含印度神話的色彩、並為奉獻的體現形式，用來連結內在和外在世界的意識。學習印度舞需要強大的自我驅策力來堅持每天課外二至四小時的練習，並且，只有當你的老師認為你已經完全掌握了目前所練習的部分之後，才能進階到下一個練習，這正和八肢瑜伽不謀而合。這樣的學習是緩慢而透徹的，日復一日著重於對於根基的徹底掌握，不強求線性的前進，唯有透過精確的形式、節奏和精髓，方能喚醒內在的神性。

You are the only Indian woman to be certified (among 48 certified teachers globally), what this certification means to you?

在全球48位認證老師中，您是唯一一位獲得認證（Certification）的印度女性，這對您來說有什麼意義？

On a physiological level Certification represents a lived understanding of the subtle energies in the Ashtanga yoga system that happens through commitment, respect and concentrated discipline over many years at the source. On a human level the certificate means to me a responsibility to bring the limbs of yoga into all aspects of life - to be a good human being who lives the positive transformation everyday.

Certification is not a course - it is not something you can plan for or measure in hours. You simply dedicate yourself to learning the tradition under the auspices of the teacher without expectations; If Certification is meant to happen along your path it will. And if so, you then keep steady in further studying the tradition. The path of yoga is eternal and one must always continue to seek and to be humbled.

We students are so fortunate that Sharathji and Saraswatiji continue to share with the world the purity of the lineage so we can experience a direct link to the ancient wisdom transmitted through successive generations.

在生理層面，認證代表了對於八肢瑜伽系統裡的精微能量體現於生命中的了解，而這是透過許多年的承諾、尊重，並且回歸源頭，專注於紀律的練習才能發生的。在人文的層面，認證對我來說，意味著我有責任要將瑜伽中的每一肢練習融入生活的各個面向，帶來正向的轉變，成為一個更好的人。

認證並不是一門課程，這不是你可以計畫預期或者通過時間的計量累積來達到的目標，你只需要在老師的協助之下專注學習這套系統，不懷抱任何的期待，若你注定要拿到認證，你就會拿到；而即便拿到了認證，你仍要持之以恆地深入學習傳統，瑜伽之路學無止境，我們必須永遠謙卑地探尋。

作為學生的我們是如此幸運，有Sharathji和Saraswatihi持續與全世界分享純淨正統的八肢瑜伽，讓我們得以經驗這世代相承的古老智慧，並且親身感受與其直接的連結。

You have some of the most “famous” students, such as Sting and his wife Trudie, can you share how is that experiences of teaching celebrities?

您有一些非常「有名的」學生，例如Sting和他的妻子Trudie，您能跟我們分享與這些名人的教學經驗嗎？

Many of the people who I teach and who excel in what they do have a depth and seriousness in their professions that spills into their yoga practice. That silence, dedication, quality of attention that has lead them to success replicates in their practice and in their reverence for the gift of life. Most of the bonds I form with people through yoga become familial grounded in our shared human values based in compassion and a holistic lifestyle.

許多我所教過的、並且在他們的專業領域表現出色的學生，將他們在其專業中所展現的的深度和認真，也帶進他們的瑜伽練習之中。那些引領他們走向成功的人格特質：沈靜、奉獻、專注，同樣呈現在他們的練習以及他們對於「瑜伽」這份生命至禮的虔誠之中。我透過瑜伽與人們建立的關係，大多變得越來越緊密，因為我們有著同樣的人文價值，那是建在慈悲心以及追求身心靈整體的生活形態。

Asana is a tool for us to find inner divine and Self, but sometimes asana can lead to ego and injury, how should we avoid this during our practice?

體位法是讓我們找到內在神性和真我的一樣工具，但有時候體位法也會導致我們膨脹自我或致使受傷，我們應該如何在練習時避免這些情況？

Learning from a true teacher - one who keeps the intent centered on the eight limbs and connects the practice to inner spiritual development - is essential. Everything we are seeking already exists when we are truly present. As a practitioner there is no need to grasp for anything or to push oneself in an asana causing injury. When we practice yoga with devotion and patience developing the tools of the tristhana method the asanas unfold in a non harming unitive way.

I personally find reading the scriptures also helps keep our intention clear. Ancient epics and yoga treatises direct our mind to support the path of the practice. Mythology imaginatively assures us of why we practice, helps us clarify our intent and guides us so we do not become attached to the fruits of our work.

向一位真正的老師來學習，一位專心致志於瑜伽的八肢、並且將練習與內在心靈發展相結合的老師，是非常重要的。當我們真正處於當下時，會發現所有我們追尋的一切皆已然存在，作為一個練習者，沒有必要去強求什麼，甚或為了迫使自己達到某個體位法而導致受傷；當你以奉獻和耐心練習瑜伽，並且建立起結合三大要素的練習方法（Tristhana），體位法便會自然和諧地呈現出來。

我個人認為閱讀經典也有助我們維持清明正確的意圖，古老的史詩和瑜伽專文能引導我們的心念，更堅定練習的道路；神話故事以跳躍想像的方式確立我們練習瑜伽的目的，幫助我們釐清思路並且引領我們，對於表象的成果不過度執著。

＃Tristhana: Asana, Breathing, and Dristhi (體位法，呼吸，以及凝視點）

～待續～

預告：下一部份是「八肢瑜伽與女性」，Sharmila老師將談到女性練習者最關心的話題，如生理期是否該練習？練習八肢瑜伽會導致生理期不正常嗎？練習八肢瑜伽會不會影響受孕？有興趣的同學請持續關注粉絲頁喔！


原文載於：http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s…

圖片來源：http://www.sharmiladesai.com