關於 have transcription ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

下午安
最新的Cover大家都看過了嗎？
做了一個中間跟
@weiweidrum
一起改編Remix的副譜版本給大家看！

Have everyone seen the latest cover?
Here is the remix session by me and Wei Wei with transcription version!

完整版影片連結：
https://youtu.be/xXiCyDP4NIM

Tama Drums
TAMA Taiwan Fan Club - 台灣tama之友聯歡俱樂部
Canopus Drums
Meinl Cymbals
Meinl Cymbals Taiwan
SABIAN
Remo Inc.
Remo Taiwan
Vic Firth
Axis Percussion
DW Drums
I Prevail
Drum Beats Online
J.studio 傑奧斯錄音室
Revolver

#meinl #meinlcymbals #meinlfamily #meinltaiwan #tama #tamadrums #tamastar #tamastarclassic #canopus #remo #remodrumheads #vicfirth #vicfirthsticks #axispedals #iprevail #bowdown #drum #drumsdaily #dualdrum #dualdrummers #drummer #drumcover #cover #Nikon #Aputure #愛圖仕 #BENRO #IFOOTAGE #Lexar #PeakDesign

SARS-CoV-2的疫苗研發製造的策略：

1.去活化病毒疫苗（inactivated virus vaccines):

病毒已經是被用物理的或化學的去活化(Viruses are physically or chemically inactivated)，但是仍然保存病毒顆粒的完整性（preserve the integrity of the virus paticle)，它們充當免疫抗原（immunogen)。

2.病毒類似的顆粒或奈米顆粒的疫苗（Virus -like particle or nanoparticle vaccines):

結構性的病毒的蛋白質已經被共同表現（structural viral proteins are co-expressed)，，形成沒有感染性的顆粒（form non-infectious particles)，來當作疫苗的免疫抗原(vaccine immunogen)，它們類似真實的類病毒(real virions)但是缺乏病毒的基因體(lack the virus genome)。

3.蛋白質次單元的疫苗（Protein subunit vaccines):

這種策略只有包括關鍵性的病毒的蛋白質或胜太（only key proteins or peptides)，它們能夠在細菌（bacteria)酵母菌(yeast)昆蟲或脯乳類細胞(insect or mammalian cells)中在人體外被製造(manufactured in vitro)，目前最大多數的在臨床期和臨床前期階段登錄在案候選的SARS-CoV-2疫苗，都是根據這種策略研發製造的。

4.病毒引導導航導向的疫苗（virus-vectored vaccines):

編碼致病原抗原的基因(genes encoding pathogen antigen)，是被導入非複製的或複製的病毒載體(cloned into non-replicating or replicating virus vectors)例如腺病毒（adenvirus)，這些抗原在免疫化作用後，由被轉換的宿主細胞產生（the antigens are produced by transduced host cells after immunization)。

5.DNA和mRNA疫苗（DNA and mRNA vaccines):

DNA和mRNA疫苗（DNA and mRNA vaccines)，有可以快速製造用來抵抗突現性的致病原的優勢（DNA and mRNA vaccines have the advantage of rapid manufacturing against pathogens)，DNA 疫苗(DNA vaccines)，藉由再重組的DNA 質體所編碼的病毒的抗原(viral antigens encoded by a recombinant DNA plasmid)，在宿主細胞中經由次序性的轉錄到轉譯的過程產生(produced in host cells via sequential transcription-to translation process)。相反地，mRNA 疫苗(mRNA vaccines)是藉由在人體外的轉錄過程被合成(synthesized by in vitro transcription)，它們經由在人體內的直接的蛋白質轉譯，在細胞質中產生病毒的抗原(they produce viral antigens in the cytoplasm through direct protein trsnslation in vivo)。

6.活的減毒的病毒疫苗（Live-attenuated virus vaccines):
在這種策略中，病毒是藉由在人體外或人體內的過程或反向的遺傳的突變的產生作用而被減毒（virus is attenuated by in vitro or in vivo passage or reverse genetic mutagenesis)，這個結果病毒變成沒有致病性或變成弱的致病性（the resulting virus becomes non-pathogenic or weakly pathogenic)，但是仍然維持保持類似活的病毒感染的免疫抗原性（retains immunogenecity by mimicking live virus infection)。

資料來源：
Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19
Nature Reviews Immunology(2020)18 DEC 2020)

感謝 #Cheng_Sheng_Tai 醫師提供資料

在臉書河道看到的一篇文章，發文的人翻譯了一則外國人的發文：
https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10158846902129328&id=602809327

我有在外國人的發文底下留言，可惜不能在這個翻譯的人底下留言，所以我打在這邊。

首先 #疫苗 是什麼？這個google很容易，高中生物應該也有提過，疫苗的發展大約兩百年，前一百年只有不活化疫苗和減毒疫苗，後一百年才陸續研發了純化蛋白疫苗以及基因工程疫苗等等。

再來了解疫苗的分類：
#活疫苗 有不活化與減毒活疫苗、異質性活疫苗（例如牛痘）
#死疫苗 有死毒疫苗、死菌疫苗、次單位疫苗（細分 類毒素疫苗、基因工程重組蛋白疫苗、胜肽疫苗、基因轉殖植物性疫苗、基因型疫苗或抗基因型抗體）、多核苷或DNA疫苗、載體疫苗、標記疫苗、mRNA疫苗（近十年嶄新研究）。

（附上大學課本疫苗發展與實驗內頁比較圖)

基因疫苗自1992年首次在科學文獻報告至今，已經成為最熱門的疫苗研究新方向，目前包括傳染性疾病、癌症、過敏症與自體免疫性疾病，以廣泛進行基因疫苗的臨床前或臨床研究並獲得良好的結果。

發文的人顯然不懂疫苗有分活疫苗跟死疫苗，也不懂mRNA疫苗不等於活疫苗，應該也不懂免疫學。

這篇錯誤訊息蠻多的，可以參考國衛院的說明
https://forum.nhri.org.tw/covid19/j_translate/j2022/

當年大學學習時就知道了，疫苗的研發與應用的智慧，基因疫苗的作用原理與傳統疫苗不同。
傳統死毒疫苗或者重組蛋白疫苗，病毒抗原是由體外注射到人體，經由巨噬細胞等抗原呈現細胞（APC cell)吞噬後，被分解的抗原片段經MHC2（組織相容性複合體第二型）呈現給T cell。此種免疫反應是以引發輔助T cell，產生抗體為主的免疫反應。

而基因疫苗是在進入細胞後於細胞質表現抗原蛋白，這些內生性蛋白有部分會被酵素分解成蛋白片段，在內質網和MHC1結合以後呈現在細胞膜上，藉此和殺手T細胞表面受器結合，活化殺手T細胞，引發細胞毒殺作用。
基因疫苗也能引發MHC2抗體反應，因此基因疫苗可以同時引發抗體反應和殺手T細胞反應。

2018年發表的文獻指出mRNA疫苗的優點：
Over the past decade, major technological innovation and research investment have enabled mRNA to become a promising therapeutic tool in the fields of vaccine development and protein replacement therapy. The use of mRNA has several beneficial features over subunit, killed and live attenuated virus, as well as DNA-based vaccines. First, safety: as mRNA is a non-infectious, non-integrating platform, there is no potential risk of infection or insertional mutagenesis. Additionally, mRNA is degraded by normal cellular processes, and its in vivo half-life can be regulated through the use of various modifications and delivery methods. The inherent immunogenicity of the mRNA can be down-modulated to further increase the safety profile. Second, efficacy: various modifications make mRNA more stable and highly translatable. Efficient in vivo delivery can be achieved by formulating mRNA into carrier molecules, allowing rapid uptake and expression in the cytoplasm (reviewed in Refs 10,11). mRNA is the minimal genetic vector; therefore, anti-vector immunity is avoided, and mRNA vaccines can be administered repeatedly. Third, production: mRNA vaccines have the potential for rapid, inexpensive and scalable manufacturing, mainly owing to the high yields of in vitro transcription reactions.

1. 安全性，非感染性活體病毒，沒有潛在感染跟插入誘導基因改變的風險。
2. 穩定且可製成載體進入細胞質中，屬於最小的mRNA載體。（過往的基因疫苗都是需要plasmid DNA載體DNA，多一個步驟。）
3. 沒有抗載體的免疫反應，因此不用擔心anti-vector immunity。不會有過敏或者自體免疫產生。
4. 生產也很便利快速。

美國食品與藥物管理局特別針對基因疫苗的安全性、潛力與免疫能力制定相關規定，”Points to Consider on Plasmid DNA Vaccines for Preventive Infections Disease Indication”，作為研究基因疫苗時的參考指標。

相關文獻references:
1. Donnelly,J.J.,J.B. Ulmer, J.W. Shiver, and M.A. Liu. 1997. DNA vaccines. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15:617-48.

2. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-, and helper T-lymphocyte-oriented DNA vaccination
Toshi Nagata et al. DNA Cell Biol. 2004 Feb.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15000749/

3. mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology
https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd.2017.243

Hello everyone, Here is "Lucy" rehearsal in the studio with my band yesterday. This is our first time to play together after 5 months long and we will have our first gig this week in Phuket.

Jack Thammarat Band (JTB)
Jack Thammarat - Guitar
May Patcharapong - Bass
Mong Kridsana - Drums
Recorded, Mixed and Mastered by Booster Khaojang at Roller Studio Bangkok


OUT NOW!
Jack Thammarat Band - Lucy - Guitar Transcription & Backing Track
Click here https://bit.ly/3gNEjyD

มาแล้วครับ TAB เพลง Lucy รายละเอียดเพิ่มเติมคลิ๊กที่ลิ้งค์ด้านบนได้เลยครับ

Included in the package
- Guitar Pro 7 File
- TAB Main Guitar (PDF)
- TAB Second Guitar (PDF)
- Backing Track (MP3)
- Audio (MP3)
- Music Video (MP4)


 Join this channel to get access to perks:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfy4XIsYPJ3ubslsPwwIe-g/join

Side Hustle Online During Lockdown: Audio Transcription

How did I get here? Well, I've always wondered what it was like to earn money online. And so this is how this video came to be. I wanted to try audio transcription as a side hustle and see what it's like; whether I like it or not, or whether it's worth my time or not. If you're interested in this as well, here are the websites I mentioned in the video:


https://vitaldollar.com/best-transcription-jobs/
https://www.reddit.com/r/WorkOnline/comments/6rvaao/looking_to_get_into_transcribing_what_can_i_expect/
https://www.1888typeitup.com/transcription-jobs
https://scribie.com/transcription-test#intro



▶︎SUBSCRIBE!
http://bit.ly/2bZX2J4

▶︎CHECK OUT MY TRAVEL PHOTOS ON INSTAGRAM: @chrisquimbo
please help me get to 20k!

My Youtube gear:
Iphone 8plus
Velbon Tripod
Canon G7X Mark 2

Post production:
Mac Air (Final Cut Pro)

If you want to create content, I say do it. Do it now, do it today. It doesn’t have to be for anyone, do it for yourself.

Music:
https://soundcloud.com/ehrling

Check out his origin performance Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5kyjnlDNZs

Original message :p

Hey everyone, I have recovered from my left hand injury and can finally play the piano again, just in time for the start of the new summer anime season 2014!

This is also my 100th video upload and in order to celebrate this milestone, I've decided to upload a piano cover of one of the most epic Anime Soundtracks in recent history:

The Main Theme from Sword Art Online - Swordland!

In case you are wondering:
Yes, I have just rewatched SAO a few weeks ago, because I gave it another chance. I dropped this series back then at episode 12 because of... uh... various reasons.
Surprisingly, after finishing SAO, it wasn't as bad as everyone made it to be and to a certain extent, I really enjoyed this series.

However, it is indisputable, that the music in SAO is excellent: both openings (Crossing field and Innocence) are great, powerful songs and the soundtrack is nothing short than amazing, as expected by Kajiura Yuki.

Btw, I didn't recorded this piece in my conservatory as usual since I have returned to my parents home because I have semester break now.
I asked my former piano teacher if I can record at his place, because he owns a Boesendorfer grand piano. He even has his own recording equipment and microphones (though his microphones are not as good as mine...)

A small warning: The transcription is SUPER exhausting for the left hand because of the merciless arpeggios all over the place. Therefore, don't practise this piece too much at once!

Well then, since Sword Art Online Season 2 is airing this season, I'll definitely do a piano cover of either the Opening or the ending song.

Animenz Piano Sheetsさんの演奏はこちらから↓↓↓
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxbIQr31LIU
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ピアノは YAMAHA C6X-DKVPRO 400万
マイクは RIBBON 4038 と TUBE M269を使用しています
再生機器の性能によってはカクツキます 1080Pの60FPSのため
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