<八個同義字系列(1)- 廢除、抹去、消滅>
喬今天要分享的是八個與廢除/抹去/消滅相關的字彙,這是最近喬看些政治法案相關文章常遇到的字彙,在此與各位同學整理做分享:
◆abolish (V.) 廢除; 廢止
[to end an activity or custom officially]
e.g. I think bullfighting should be abolished.
我認為應該廢止鬥牛
e.g. National Service was abolished in Britain in 1962.
英國的國民兵役制度於1962年廢止
◆obliterate (V.) 徹底毀掉; 抹去; 覆蓋(使不留痕跡); 忘卻; 抹掉(想法or感情)
[to remove all signs of something, either by destroying it or by covering it so that is cannot be seen]
e.g. The missile strike was devastating – the target was totally obliterated.
這次的導彈襲擊是毀滅性的 – 目標蕩然無存
e.g. All of a sudden the view was obliterated by the fog.
突然之間霧氣淹沒了這片風景
[to make an idea or feeling disappear completely]
e.g. Perhaps she gets drunk to obliterate painful memories.
也許她喝醉酒是為了忘卻痛苦的往事
*obliteration (n.)
◆annihilate (V.) 徹底摧毀; 消滅; 毀滅
[to destroy completely so that nothing is left]
e.g. a city annihilated by an atomic bomb
被原子彈夷為平地的城市
* annihilation (n.)
◆expunge (V.) 刪去; 抹去; 勾消
[to rub off or remove information from a piece of writing]
e.g. His name has been expunged from the list of members.
他的名字從成員名單中刪除了
使淡忘; (從記憶中)抹掉
[to cause something to be forgotten]
e.g. She has been unable to expunge the details of the accident from her memory.
那次事故的細節總是徘徊在她的記憶中,無論如何都無法抹去
◆extirpate (V.) 拔除; 消滅; 根除
[to remove or destroy something completely]
*extirpation
◆rescind (V.) 廢除; 取消; 撤銷
[to make a law, agreement, order or decision no longer have any (legal) power]
e.g. The policy of charging air travellers for vegetarian meals proved unpopular and has already been rescinded.
事實證明,航空公司向素食主義乘客收取素餐費的做法不得人心,因而已被取消
◆countermand (V.) 取消; 撤回(命令); 重新發佈(命令)
[to change an order that has already been given, especially by giving a new order]
◆abrogate (V.) 正式廢除; 廢止; 撤銷
[to end a law, agreement or custom formally]
e.g. The treaty was abrogated in 1929.
該條約於1929年廢止
*abrogation (n.)
(以上字典參考 dictionary.cambridge.org | google.com )
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
「in order to同義字」的推薦目錄:
- 關於in order to同義字 在 喬的英文筆記 Joe's English Learning Notes Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於in order to同義字 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於in order to同義字 在 コバにゃんチャンネル Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於in order to同義字 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於in order to同義字 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於in order to同義字 在 in order to同義語在PTT/Dcard完整相關資訊 - 動漫二維世界 的評價
- 關於in order to同義字 在 in order to同義語在PTT/Dcard完整相關資訊 - 動漫二維世界 的評價
- 關於in order to同義字 在 雅思ielts專門校- 劍橋台北語文中心 - Facebook 的評價
- 關於in order to同義字 在 in order to synonym的推薦與評價,PINTEREST和網紅們這樣 ... 的評價
- 關於in order to同義字 在 Synonym for a Sequence in Oracle - Stack Overflow 的評價
- 關於in order to同義字 在 What is a synonym for "girlfriend"? - English Stack Exchange 的評價
in order to同義字 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最讚貼文
[學術寫作] Coherence and Cohesion in Writing
✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
英文寫作強調文字和文意上的連貫,包括字句連貫 (cohesion) 以及語意邏輯連貫 (coherence),也就是說句子和段落之間的詞彙及主題都必須環環相扣。同學們在學習進階英文寫作時,需要多留意這些準則,寫出來的文章才能符合字句連貫 (cohesion) 及語意連貫 (coherence) 兩大原則。
Coherence 一般來說是指將論點與想法合邏輯地安排。從語意的觀點來看,欲寫出思路清晰、邏輯連貫 (coherent) 的文章,需要注意兩大重點: 1. 主題一致 (unity) 整篇文章所傳達的意念需要有一致性,將相同主題的句子放在同一段落。2. 承先啟後 (logical order and transitions) 有系統地和有邏輯地提出論點。在說明論點方面,要按部就班地說明,藉此作者對於自己論點提出足夠的支持理由,使讀者有足夠的資訊來理解作者的想法,如此一來也可使作者的論點更具有說服力和邏輯性。先介紹主題 (topic sentence),然後循序漸進地鋪陳 (major support),最後以最新資訊作結 (details and/or exemplification)。
Cohesion 簡單來說是指用有相關性的單字的語言來串連句子、段落與文章使讀者在易於理解前後文。指標詞(signposts and linking words) 可以加強語意連貫 (cohesion): 1. 主要指標詞: 示意文章中的目的,結構,作者的立場,主要觀點,爭論的方向,和結論。 2. 關聯詞和片語: 呈現出句子和句子與段落和段落的連結。
Cohesion 的詳細說明: http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=17303
✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
一些主要指標詞:
The aim of this study is to ....
The purpose of this thesis is to ....
This essay argues that ....
The main questions addressed in this paper are ....
This essay critically examines ....
This chapter reviews the literature ....
In conclusion, ....
一些關聯詞:
Indicating order:
First (ly), ... / Second(ly), ... / Finally, ... /
Indicating addition or similarity:
also, ... / additionally, ... / furthermore, ... / similarly, ...
Indicating contrast:
however, ... / nevertheless, ... / on the other hand, ... /
Giving a reason:
for this reason, ... / because ... / because of ... / due to ...
Indicating result or consequence:
therefore, ... / thus, ... / as a result, ... / consequently, ...
Reformulating an idea:
in other words, ... / to put it simply, ... / that is ...
Exemplifying:
for example, ... / for instance, ... / to exemplify, ...
✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
要讓一段文字的字句有連貫性 (cohesive) 可透過以下方式:
1. 重複 (repetition): 可以在第二句再重複前一句所用過的字彙。
2. 同義字 (synonym): 若不想直接重複字彙,也可以用同義字來代表你想重複單字或其概念。
3. 對稱構句 (parallelism): 重複句子的結構。這個技巧雖是最基本的,但也是製造cohesion的有效的方法之一。
4. 連接詞 (conjunctions and transitions): 使用適當的連接詞或副詞使句子符合邏輯地串聯在一起。
✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
一段文字可能符合字句上的連貫性 (cohesion) 但不符合語意邏輯上的連貫性(coherence)。文章中要達到 cohesion,在句與句之間必須字彙上主題要有相關,而 coherence 是要達到語意上邏輯上的一致性或相關性。
✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
1. 有字句連貫(cohesion)及語意連貫 (coherence)
"My favorite color is blue. I like it because it is calming and it relaxes me. I often go outside in the summer and lie on the grass and look into the clear blue sky when I am stressed. For this reason, I'd have to say my favorite color is blue."
Cohesive AND coherent: blue --> calming and relaxing --> clear blue sky --> reduces stress --> blue.
這個句既有字句連貫(cohesion)及語意連貫(coherence)。
✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
2. 有達到字句連貫(cohesion)但不符合語意連貫(coherence)
"My favorite color is blue. Blue sports cars go very fast. Driving in this way is dangerous and can cause many car crashes. I had a car accident once and broke my leg. I was very sad because I had to miss a holiday in Europe because of the injury."
Cohesive NOT coherent: blue --> sports car --> fast driving --> car crashes --> broken Leg --> very sad --> miss holiday in Europe
如你所見,這段文字間具有相關性 (cohesion),但當這些句子放在同一個段落中卻無法構成意義。文字一開始說明我喜歡藍色但卻以歐洲的旅行作結,語意上的不連貫導致理解困難。
✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
3. 有達到語意連貫(coherence)但不具有字句連貫(cohesion)
"My favorite color is blue. I'm calm and relaxed. In the summer I lie on the grass and look up."
Coherent NOT cohesive: blue | calm and relaxed | looking up
這段文字語意邏輯上符合一貫性,但缺乏足夠的連接用語 (connector) 把想法串連起來導致整個段落缺乏cohesion,也會造成理解困難。
✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
字句連貫 (cohesion) 和語意連貫 (coherence) 的教學影片
1. http://tw.91voa.com/home/advanced/ielts/ielts-preparation/3-03-cohesion-coherence-in-writing
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43AlGwz1Aq0
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhGnPh84Vkg (Unity, Coherence, Cohesion)
✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
學術寫作資源 (Writing Resources): http://goo.gl/5HzXvh
✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
資料來源:
http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=17303
http://www.cavesbooks.com.tw/CET/ArtContent_tw.aspx?CDE=ART201309060959110XI
http://www.criticism.com/da/coherence.php
http://seas3.elte.hu/coursematerial/KormosJudit/appling7.pdf
http://www.encyclo.co.uk/meaning-of-Cohesion
http://www.bothell.washington.edu/wacc/for-students/eslhandbook/coherence
http://www.slideshare.net/nakulrtm/signposting-writing-development-centre-newcastle-university
http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/courses/discourse-13/contents/slides/slides_lexical_chains.pdf
Image source: http://www.rgd.ca/database/images/SLD_BrandCoherenceStudy_Final.jpg
✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰✰
心智圖詞彙攻略: https://bit.ly/2OcAJTb
in order to同義字 在 コバにゃんチャンネル Youtube 的最佳貼文
in order to同義字 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最佳解答
in order to同義字 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最佳解答
in order to同義字 在 in order to同義語在PTT/Dcard完整相關資訊 - 動漫二維世界 的推薦與評價
很多學生常被中文的字詞順序(word order) 干擾,把對的字放在不對的地方,所以英文... 今天提供給你常見形容詞的同義字,下次學學怎麼換詞說!in order to - Yahoo奇摩 ... ... <看更多>
in order to同義字 在 雅思ielts專門校- 劍橋台北語文中心 - Facebook 的推薦與評價
細看,仔細審查另外也附上動詞及同義字... ... the careful and detailed examination of something in order to get information about it ... <看更多>
in order to同義字 在 in order to同義語在PTT/Dcard完整相關資訊 - 動漫二維世界 的推薦與評價
很多學生常被中文的字詞順序(word order) 干擾,把對的字放在不對的地方,所以英文... 今天提供給你常見形容詞的同義字,下次學學怎麼換詞說!in order to - Yahoo奇摩 ... ... <看更多>