關於 inhalation使用 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

🎉🎊MCJ Beauty 新产品推出，今晚@9pm直播见！MCJ Beauty launching new product, see you tonight @9pm Live😍

天然防疫精油，守护全家人的健康！🛡️👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

疫情期间，除了戴口罩、消毒和保持距离，最重要的 「提升免疫力」‼️‼️

别以为打了疫苗就不会呈阳确诊，尤其小孩和老人家的免疫系统较弱，一旦病毒感染后果就会很严重！！！

不要怕！😌😍我教你用 💛#顶级天然精油 调理，让家里的小孩和老人家提升免疫力，减少遭到病毒攻击的机率。

这款💛MCJ免疫守护神💛是一款天然复方精油，🌿🌸由多种花卉与树木精油精心调配而成，包括：丁香油、柠檬油、肉桂精油、尤加利和迷迭香。其主要的抗菌性特别强，能够强化防御力、促进代谢循环，达到促进免疫系统健康的作用。🛡️

✅绝对是👩 #妈妈们必备的家庭精油！！疫情期间不想去医院？那就用它日常帮助调理生理机能，这样一家大小👶🏻就能保持健康，不容易生病。

✅在家工作，自制力不够？🥱不管是居家办公或学习，都十分容易分神、拖延，因此效率不佳？ 精油中的迷迭香有效促进大脑清醒、增强记忆力；而尤加利有效集中注意力，使思绪清晰，营造活力氛围，做事效率立马UP！UP！💪💪

✅天天打开手机电脑，看到的都是疫情相关的新闻，难免让人焦虑不安！ 这瓶精油刚好有效舒缓情绪、放松身心。不得不说，它的味道真的超级好闻！有点辛辣温甜的肉桂融合🍋清新明亮的柠檬，打造多层次温暖又醇厚的芳香。💞

✅有助净化空气，去除难闻的异味，对呼吸系统的效果也十分显著。

怎样用精油最有效呢？来~我教你！🙋‍♀️🙋‍♀️🙋‍♀️

🟣外用- 倒入1至5滴用于按摩、泡澡、稀释涂抹(加入基础油）
🟣吸入- 将精油滴在手帕上直接吸入or 滴精油如热水中以产生蒸汽吸入
🟣其它- 使用香薰机扩香、或滴入蜡烛燃烧

学会了吗？超级天然、安全又有效的保卫精油，赶快PM我带走一瓶，安心守护您全家人的幸福！👋👋

Natural Antiviral Essential Oil To Protect Family’s Health!🛡️👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

Besides practicing safety precautions to remain protected like wearing a mask, disinfectant and social distancing, never forget to boost your immune system too‼️‼️

It is possible to become infected with covid viruses after you get the vaccine. Especially kids and elderly are at higher risk for severe illness from covid.

Don’t panic! 😌😍 I will share with you how to use 💛#PremiumEssentialOils as a preventative to increase immunity of your kids and elderly against virus infections.

This MCJ essential oil blend 💛Guardians of Immunity💛 derived from herbs such as clove bud, lemon, cinnamon, eucalyptus and rosemary oil is infused with life-changing benefits including powerful antibacterial effect, boost protection, increase metabolism and enhance your immune system health. 🛡️

✅Must-have essential oil for every mom!👩 Afraid to visit clinic during covid period? ？ Get this bottle on hand always to help regulate the 👶🏻kids’ body function and avoid getting sick easily.

✅Procrastination and get distracted easily when working OR study from home? 🥱 The clove bud oil helps to stimulate the brain and improve memory. While Eucalyptus can help support focus, concentration and clear the mind, as well as create a warmth yet energetic sensation to UP your performance!💪💪

✅COVID-19 news makes you anxious and worried? This bottle can helps to calm and relax your body and mind. The warm and spicy comforting scent of cinnamon is so good to smell! Blended with 🍋refreshing yet lively lemon scent, it create a unique layers of warmth aroma. 💞

✅Purify air and clear unwanted odor for respiratory health

HOW TO USE IT EFFECTIVELY?🙋‍♀️🙋‍♀️🙋‍♀️

🟣Topical- Add 1-5 drops for massage, bath/shower, or dilute for topical apply
🟣Inhalation- Apply on handkerchief to direct inhale or add into steaming water
🟣Others- Add a few drops into humidifier for diffusion or candle for burning

Now you can grab this NATURAL, SAFE AND EFFECTIVE essential oil from us to protect your whole family! 👋👋

[關於反芻動物全身麻醉的風險，反芻動物中，全身麻醉的弊大於利。] 有興趣的朋友可以多了解一下喔! (中文翻譯的部分為Google翻譯的，能夠閱讀英文的朋友建議看原文會比較清楚喔)
還有很多很多相關的學術發表，就不貼那麼多出來啦!

Cooper結紮的日期是4月26日，他現在很健康很調皮。

(德叔真的超級超級愛看這些學術發表的文章，但是我還是相信醫生的專業。)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334673867_The_Use_of_Epidural_Anaesthesia_over_General_Anaesthesia_in_Ruminants
全身麻醉是現代醫學的重要組成部分。它是一種藥物誘導的可逆病症，包括特定的行為和生理特徵，包括無意識、健忘症、鎮痛和運動不能——伴隨自主神經、心血管、呼吸和體溫調節系統的穩定性。
[反芻動物全身麻醉具有內在風險，如瘤胃內容物反流、唾液分泌過多和肺部誤吸的可能性；因此並不總是推薦使用本地或區域技術。硬膜外麻醉是一種中樞神經阻滯技術，經常用於獸醫實踐中，用於治療家畜會陰、骶骨、腰椎和尾椎部位的不同產科和外科手術干擾。關於在反芻動物和其他物種的各種外科和實驗室程序中使用硬膜外麻醉的科學研究已經有幾項。總之，全身麻醉的弊大於利，特別是在反芻動物中。因此，硬膜外麻醉是首選。

General anaesthesia is an essential component of modern medicine. It is a drug induced reversible condition that includes specific behavioral and physiological traits unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and akinesia- with concomitant stability of the autonomic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems.
[General anesthesia in ruminants has inherent risks such as regurgitation of ruminal contents, excessive salivation and the possibility of pulmonary aspiration; therefore it is not always recommended and local or regional techniques may be used instead. Epidural anaesthesia is a central neuraxial block technique which is used regularly in veterinary practice for treatment of different obstetrical and surgical interferences in the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and caudal parts of the thoracic region of domestic animals. There have been several scientific researches on the use of epidural anesthesia in ruminants and other species for various surgical and laboratory procedures. In conclusion, the disadvantages of general anaesthesia outweigh the advantages especially in ruminant specie. Therefore, epidural anaesthesia is the most preferred.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118886700.ch1
瘤胃鼓脹、腹脹、反流和吸入性肺炎是與家畜全身麻醉相關的常見問題，應通過適當的預防措施和必要的麻醉前考慮來預見和解決。家畜在麻醉期間可能會出現胃內容物反流和誤吸，尤其是未禁食的動物。反芻動物在麻醉期間通常會大量分泌唾液。惡性高熱的觸發因素包括壓力（例如興奮、運輸或麻醉前處理）、鹵化吸入麻醉劑（例如氟烷、異氟烷、七氟烷和地氟烷）和去極化神經肌肉阻滯藥物（例如琥珀膽鹼）。同樣，氟烷似乎是豬惡性高熱的最有效和最常見的觸發因素。麻醉前禁食可能不能完全防止反流，但會減少瘤胃內容物中的固體物質數量。獸醫應將這些知識與適當的麻醉前準備和適當的圍手術期管理相結合，以確保這些動物的麻醉成功。
Ruminal tympany, bloat, regurgitation, and aspiration pneumonia are common problems associated with general anesthesia in farm animal species that should be anticipated and addressed with proper precautions and the necessary preanesthetic considerations. Regurgitation and aspiration of stomach content can occur in farm animal species during anesthesia, especially in nonfasted animals. Ruminants normally salivate profusely during anesthesia. The triggering agents of malignant hyperthermia include stress (e.g., excitement, transportation, or preanesthetic handling), halogenated inhalation anesthetics (e.g., halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane), and depolarizing neuro-muscular blocking drugs (e.g., succinylcholine). Similarly, halothane appears to be the most potent and most frequently reported trigger of malignant hyperthermia in pigs. Preanesthetic fasting may not completely prevent regurgitation, but it will decrease the amount of solid matter in the rumen content. Veterinarians should incorporate the knowledge with proper preanesthetic preparations and appropriate perioperative management to ensure successful outcome of anesthesia in these animals.

【科普文分享】消毒勿過火　小心霧化消毒劑危害健康！／Little fat ball

／／就算武漢肺炎 (COVID-19) 疫情有多嚴重也好，請勿亂買消毒劑放入加濕器用。

最近再有報道重提 2011 年揭發的南韓「加濕器殺菌劑殺人事件」，據報，事件由 1994–2011 年間發生，同期估計造成了 1.4 萬人死亡，比政府公佈的多 10 倍。當年的殺菌劑成份有聚六亞甲基胍鹽酸鹽 (Polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, PHMG) ，這種成份是相對新的化合物，人類無太深入的了解，暫時已知 PHMG 是破壞細胞膜從而殺死細菌與真菌，達到消毒作用。不過，由於會被吸入肺內，因此也會破壞肺泡，引致閉塞性細支氣管炎 (obliterative bronchiolitis) ，亦「加濕器殺菌劑殺人事件」中有案例顯示加重皮膚、大腦、心血管疾病症狀。

當然，現在的生產商很小心，不會亂使用 PHMG 。不過，仍然見到香港有人出售加濕器殺菌劑，聲稱有效潔淨室內空間，減少病菌、病毒傳播，又會強調產品可抑制病毒、細菌，有的甚至說有除臭和抑制花粉引起的鼻敏感。

這麼厲害的產品，成份到底是甚麼？答案是次氯酸 (hypochlorous acid) 或次氯酸鈉 (sodium hypochlorite) 。用外行人說法這些都是漂・白・水。

漂白水大家都明可以消毒，這是因為其氧化與水解作用，而通常家用的漂白水，以重量計均含 3–8% 次氯酸鈉或 5% 次氯酸。至於那些加濕器殺菌劑的次氯酸或次氯酸鈉，因為要令產品無太多的刺激性，估計會比正常的漂白水低，低多少則要視乎各品牌產品，但這由於不受當局的藥物規例所限，所以通常推銷那位姐姐都講不到你知，「自己試下咪知有幾好用囉」！

重點來了，點解次氯酸會有刺激性，因為當與水產生化學作用後會出氯氣（極度簡化的說法），而氯氣本身具有強烈刺激性、窒息氣味，可以刺激人體呼吸道黏膜，輕則引起胸部灼熱、疼痛和咳嗽，嚴重者可導致死亡，也是一戰、二戰中有使用的化學武器。

好吧，退一步來說既然無太多刺激性，應不影響健康吧？不過，已有多個研究顯示，就算是長期吸入低劑量的次氯酸鈉，都可能會引發哮喘、喉嚨痛、增加呼吸道黏液分泌與發炎，眼睛直接接觸霧化次氯酸也會被刺激造成眼紅或淚水分泌。

有人會問這與用 1:99 漂白水洗地時嗅到的氯氣有甚麼分別。重點是，使用加濕器殺菌劑會更長期地吸入低劑量次氯酸，結果更易造成以上症狀。前者你較能控制份量，後者卻因為濃度低到無味，而不自己吸入更多次氯酸。想健康卻變成用錢砸自己的腳，不是很可笑嗎？

此前，鏗鏘集已踢爆某「高科技」消毒水品牌的有效成份並非天然而且殺菌功能只是輕微。相信疫情持續下，有更多奇怪消毒產品出現，這些產品往往都是那幾種常用消毒成份，哪有天然不天然的說法？天然就不會需要高科技喇，對不對？想保障全家健康，還是乖乖勤力清潔家居物品與雙手，戴返好個口罩，不要這麼多聚餐了。

參考：

De Genaro, I.S., De Silva, S.C., Nanni, G.D. & et al. (2020). Low dose of sodium hypochlorite impair lung function, inflammation and oxidative stress of naïve mice. European Respiratory Journal Sep 2019, 54 (suppl 63) PA4073. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.PA4073
CDC Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. (21 October 2014). Medical Management Guidelines for Calcium Hypochlorite. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3gmzv40
Hoyle, G.W. & Svendsen, E.R. (2016). Persistent effects of chlorine inhalation on respiratory health. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2016 Aug; 1378(1): 33–40. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13139
Kim, S.H., Park, D.E., Lee, H.S. & et al. (2020). Chronic Low Dose Chlorine Exposure Aggravates Allergic Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Activates Inflammasome Pathway. PLOS ONE 9(9): e106861. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106861
／／