關於 museum quality paper ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

นี่คือรายชื่อหนังสือของคนที่น่าจะได้เก็บกระเป๋าไปเดินทางด้วยกันในทริป 'อ่านเถิดหนา' ทริปที่เราจะหยิบเอาหนังสือเล่มหนาที่ซื้อมานานแล้วหนา ไปอ่านด้วยกันที่เชียงดาว เห็นลิสต์นี้แล้วอยากจะไปมันซะเดี๋ยวนี้เลย ส่วนคนที่ยังไม่ได้สมัคร หมดเขตพรุ่งนี้แล้วนะครับ

- หากค่ำคืนหนึ่งในฤดูหนาว นักเดินทางคนหนึ่ง โดย อิตาโล คัลวีโน
- ข้างหลังโปสการ์ด โดย หลานเสรีไทย (136)
- พิพิธภัณฑ์แห่งความไร้เดียงสา โดย Orhan Pamuk
- หิมะ พระจันทร์ ดอกไม้ สวนญี่ปุ่น โดย ชัยยศ อิษฎ์วรพันธุ์
- โลกจิต โดย แทนไท ประเสริฐกุล
- หิมาลัยไม่มีจริง โดย นิ้วกลม
- พืชพันธุ์แห่งการต่อสู้ (GERMINAL) โดย เอมิล โซลา (EMILE ZOLA)​
- วินนีเดอะพูห์ (ฉบับสมบูรณ์) โดย เอ.เอ.มิลน์
- City Sight เมืองที่มองไม่เห็น โดย สรณรัชฎ์ กาณจนะวณิชย์
- หลังฉากท่านผู้นำ (Dear Leader) โดย จัง จิน-ซอง
- ปริศนากางเขนอียิปต์ โดย เอลเลอรี่ ควีน
- Paper: An Elegy (ประวัติศาสตร์กระดาษโลก) โดย Ian Sansom
- Inheritance โดย Christopher Paolini
- มูซาชิ ฉบับท่าพระจันทร์ โดย สุวินัย ภรณวลัย
- Britt-Marie was here โดย Fredrik Backman
- Nudge โดย Richard H. Thaler & Cass R. Sunstein
- When breath become air โดย Paul Kalanithi
- เดินสู่อิสรภาพ โดย ประมวล เพ็งจันทร์
- gun steel and germs โดย Jared Diamond
- บันทึกการเดินทางของอ็องรี มูโอต์ ในราชอาณาจักรสยาม กัมพูชา ลาว และอินโดจีนตอนกลางส่วนอื่นๆ โดย กรรณิการ์ จรรย์แสง (แปล)
- Sapiens : A Brief History of Humankind โดย Yuval Noah Harari
- Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan โดย Herbert P. Bix
- The Museum of Innocence โดย Orhan Pamuk
- New heart new world โดย Magnolia quality development corparation limited
- คิดแบบยิวทำแบบญี่ปุ่น โดย ฮอนดะ เคน
- สงครามโลก 1,2 (ฉบับสมบูรณ์) โดย วีระชัย โชคมุกดา
- Homo Deus โดย Yuval Noah Harari
- ม.ร.ว. คึกฤทธิ์ ปราโมช ในเงาเวลาของ 'รงค์ วงษ์สวรรค์ โดย 'รงค์ วงษ์สวรรค์
- ดอนกิโฆเต้ โดย Miguel de Cervantes
- เงินหรือชีวิต Your Money Your Life โดย Vicki Robin, Joe Dominguez, Monique Tilford
- เวลา โดย ชาติ กอบจิตติ
- A Wild Sheep Chase (แกะรอยแกะดาว) โดย Haruki Murakami
- The romance of thr harem นิยายรักในราชสำนักฝ่ายใน โดย แอนนา เลียวโนเวนส์
- วัยหนุ่ม โดย วรพจน์ พันธ์ุพงศ์
- Save Me โดย Lias scottolin
- ฟลอร่า 717 โดย Laline Paull
- on happiness โดย ธเนศ วงศ์ยานนาวา
- Buddha โดย Karen Armstrong
- ถนนชีวิต MAIN STREET โดย Sinclair Lewis
- สี่แผ่นดิน โดย ม.ร.ว.คึกฤทธิ์ ปราโมช
- โปรดอ่านใต้แสงเทียน เพราะผมเขียนใต้แสงดาว โดย ทรงกลด บางยี่ขัน
- Why grow up? โดย Susan Neiman

#readthecloud #TheCloud #อ่านเถิดหนา

🎻阿瑪悌與史特拉底瓦里名琴 迷人音色帶有人聲的特質🎻

NTU Researchers: Amati and Stradivari Violins Have Remarkable Similarities to the Acoustics of the Human Voice

對於小提琴家與愛樂者而言，安德烈･阿瑪悌(Andrea Amati 1505-1577)與史特拉底瓦里(Stradivari 1644-1737)的名字就是名琴的代名詞。臺灣大學化學系戴桓青副教授的研究團隊發現，這兩位大師的小提琴都具備模擬人聲的音色特質。

這兩位巴洛克時代的大師，都出自義大利北方的小鎮克里蒙納(Cremona)。阿瑪悌是小提琴的發明人，其音色特質與曲線造型都大受歡迎。在其後的四百年內，小提琴型制的變化相當有限。史特拉底瓦師承於阿瑪悌家族的第三代傳人，小提琴在他的手中達到了的巔峰，不論是音色或是外觀，後人始終難以超越。

阿瑪悌與史特拉底瓦里名琴的優美音色，一向都是演奏家與鑑賞家們讚賞的對象。但在科學上我們卻不了解它們的音色具備那些特性。這樣的研究有兩項瓶頸難以克服，一是不易徵得多把名琴參與研究，二是現代科學對於弦樂器的音色好壞了解有限。所幸，台南的奇美博物館擁有世界上最豐富的名琴收藏，協助戴桓青的研究團隊錄製了十五把巴洛克名琴的音階樣本。

如果現代科學對於提琴音色的了解有限，那麼古人的看法呢？戴桓青副教授注意到，巴洛克小提琴大師Geminiani曾寫道，理想的小提琴音色應該要匹敵最完美的人聲(“rival the most perfect human voice”)。於是臺大團隊錄製了男性與女性的歌聲，與名琴進行比較，以語音分析軟體進行頻譜分析。

人類的聲音，來自聲帶的震動，然後經過聲道的共振放大。聲道的共振峰來自於駐波的形成，與聲道的長度有關。女性的聲道比男性短，共振峰頻率也較高。經過分析發現，阿瑪悌所發明的小提琴，其共振峰頻率近似於男中音。但是史特拉底瓦里則進一步將共振峰頻率提升，甚至達到女低音的程度。史特拉底瓦里名琴一向以甜美、明亮的音色著稱，較高頻的共振峰可能是背後的原因。

人的聲道就像是一個管樂器，自然會形成駐波。小提琴則不是管樂器，但是阿瑪悌卻設計出獨特的音箱與琴橋的振動組合，足以發出類似聲道的共振峰。戴教授認為，這就是阿瑪悌的天才之處，而他在研發小提琴時或許刻意模仿人聲。後代有許多人試圖改造小提琴的基本結構，卻無一成功，因為音色走了樣。後人只能在阿瑪悌的基礎上進行微調，而史特拉底瓦里是其中佼佼者。我們還不清楚史特拉底瓦里如何將共振峰頻率提升。史特拉底瓦里的琴面比較平，阿瑪悌的則隆起較高，這一點肯定是重要的。但提琴的弧度容易模仿，史特拉底瓦里的音色卻難以被複製，可見還有其他重要因素。近期的名琴研究著重於史特拉底瓦里的塗漆與木材分析，使人們漸漸相信，史特拉底瓦里曾運用特殊的塗漆配方與木材處理方法來調整音色，而相關的鍊金術知識都已經失傳了。未來的研究應當致力探索於材料性質與音色之間的關聯性。戴桓青研究團隊在2017年也曾發表名琴木材的研究論文，指出化學處理與老化的重要性，刊登於美國國家科學院院刊。

戴教授認為，史特拉底瓦里的明亮音色，源自於較高的共振峰頻率，但是也只達到女低音的程度。未來是否可以提升到女中音與女高音的程度，而那樣又會不會好聽，都是未知數。至於其他的弦樂器，例如中提琴、大提琴、吉他，甚至是二胡、西塔琴與三味線，是否可以運用同一原理加以改良，也有待研究。其實現代科學對於歌聲好不好聽的客觀理解程度很低，若是能更加了解人聲的奧秘，未來才更有可能進行樂器的改良。

此篇論文的共同作者還包含化學系的碩士生沈晏平與大學部林哲宏，以及奇美博物館的鍾岱廷顧問。

國際媒體相關報導：

🎵英國衛報
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/may/21/scientists-find-secret-behind-sweet-sound-of-stradivarius-violins

🎵英國泰晤士報
https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/stradivarius-violins-really-do-match-a-sweet-voice-xwzglk3dh

美國國家科學院院刊 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA
論文連結：http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/05/16/1800666115
線上刊登日期：2018/5/21
DOI： https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800666115
論文題目：Acoustic evolution of old Italian violins from Amati to Stradivari
作者：戴桓青1、沈晏平1、林哲宏1、鍾岱廷2
所屬機構：1國立台灣大學化學系、2奇美博物館

#NTU #Stradivari #AndreaAmati

===

For violinists and music lovers around the world, Andrea Amati (1505-1577) and Antonio Stradivari (1644-1737) are synonymous with premium quality antique violins.

NTU Associate Prof. of Chemistry Hwan-Ching Tai and his colleagues have discovered that the “sweetness” and “brightness” of these instruments are derived from their remarkable similarities to the qualities of female singing voices.

This study, titled “Acoustic Evolution of Old Italian Violins from Amati to Stradivari,” was published in the “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” this May. The findings were also covered by The Guardian and The Times.

Although the violin does not belong to the family of wind instruments, Amati was so talented as to create a unique combination of the body and bridge that generates standing waves with similar formants to those from human singing voices. Amati established the archetype of modern violins, while Stradivari fine-tuned the model and improved it to perfection.

Listen to the sweet sounds from the Amati (1570) and Stradivari (1722) violins collected by the Chimei Museum in Taiwan.

📖 Full paper: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/05/16/1800666115

📰 Media Coverage
⭐The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/may/21/scientists-find-secret-behind-sweet-sound-of-stradivarius-violins
⭐The Times: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/stradivarius-violins-really-do-match-a-sweet-voice-xwzglk3dh

[USA]_List of lots of scholarship in the US. Please help to share and tag your friend. You can google the name of the scholarship to get direct link!

Xin gửi đến các bạn một số học bổng cho chương trình Cử Nhân, Thạc sĩ, Tiến sĩ, Học giả tại Hoa Kỳ. Ngoài ra, tại các ÐH Mỹ (top 200) đều có học bổng cho chương trình Thạc sĩ & Tiến sĩ, các bạn tham khảo trên website của Department tìm hiểu về Fellowship, Research Assistantship, Teaching Assistantship.
National Universities Rankings: http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/…/national-un…

1. Southeast Asia Youth Leadership Program (SEAYLP)
http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/yseali.html
This intensive four-week exchange program in the United States aims at promoting high-quality leadership, civic responsibility, volunteerism, and respect for diversity. Each year, five Vietnamese high-school students and one teacher (who acts as chaperone) are selected for this program and are joined by similar groups from other Southeast Asian countries. It is designed to enable teenagers, ages 15-17, and teachers to travel to the United States for a program focused on building a sense of community, developing civil society and economic institutions, and recognizing the commonalities among Southeast Asians and Americans.
Timeline
July-August: Call for applications
September: Submission of applications to the Embassy; screening and interviews
October: Nomination of finalists to Washington
November: Selection results available from Washington; departure of selected candidates
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

2. Undergraduate Intensive English Language Study Program (UIELSP)
This program enrolls undergraduate students in the East Asia and Pacific region who demonstrate the potential to become student leaders in an eight-week intensive English Language course at colleges and universities in the United States with a focus on English language acquisition, leadership skill building, and civic education and engagement. It also provides participants with an introduction to American institutions, society and culture.
Timeline
Oct-Nov: Call for applications
December: Deadline for submission of applications to the Embassy
Dec-Jan: Screening of applications; interviews of shortlisted candidates
February: Nomination of finalists to Washington
March: Selection and placement results available from Washington
June: Departure of selected candidates
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

3. Global Undergraduate Exchange Program (Global UGRAD)
This program provides scholarships for one semester or one academic year of study at a U.S. university. The goal is to provide a diverse group of emerging student leaders, from non-elite and under-represented groups, with a substantive exchange experience at a U.S. college or university, with in-depth exposure to U.S. society, culture and academic institutions. Students are selected based on 1) academic record, 2) leadership skills and potential, 3) community involvement and extra-curricular activities, and 4) English proficiency (minimum TOEFL score of 525 (paper-based) or 70 (iBT).
Timeline
September: Call for applications
November: Deadline for submission of applications to the Embassy
Nov-Dec: Screening of applications; interviews of shortlisted candidates
December: Nomination of finalists to Washington
March: Selection results available from Washington
June: Placement information available
July: Departure of selected candidates (whole academic year program)
January: Departure of selected candidates (semester program)
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

4. Fulbright Vietnamese Student Program
The Fulbright Vietnamese Student Program is a competitive, merit-based scholarship program which recruits and nominates young Vietnamese professionals for Master’s degree programs at U.S. universities. Approximately 20 to 25 fully-funded scholarships are granted on an annual basis for students in social sciences and humanities. Successful applicants will receive support in university placement and a full scholarship which covers tuition and fees, monthly stipend, round-trip airfare to the U.S. and health insurance. Selection is based on study objectives, work experience, understanding of the chosen field of study, impact potential, leadership, academic excellence and English proficiency.
Timeline
December: Grant announcement
April: Application deadline
June – July: Application review and semi-finalist selection
September: Interviews & finalist selection
October: Finalists take GRE/GMAT/TOEFL iBT
November: U.S. universities placement
April - May: Confirmation of final university placement
May: Pre-departure orientation
June – July: Medical check-up and visa application
July – August: Departure
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

5. Vietnamese Fulbright Scholar Program
The Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES) assists in the administration of the Fulbright Scholar Exchange Program for faculty and professionals. Started in 1998, the Program recruits and nominates Vietnamese scholars for placement by CIES as lecturers and researchers in U.S. universities for terms of three to 10 months. From six to eight scholars from Vietnam travel to the United States on an annual basis.
Timeline
October: Deadline of application submission
November – December: Peer Review Panel
January: Interview the shortlisted candidates
End of January: Submission of semi-finalist candidates to Washington
February - March: Selection results available from Washington
April – July: Affiliation and Visa Process
August: Pre-departure Orientation for the departing grantee
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

6. Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program
This is a one year, non-degree, full scholarship program offered to promising mid-career professionals who have proven track records of leadership and a strong commitment to public service. Participants in the program spend one academic year at a leading U.S. university doing their self-designed program of academic course work, participating in professional affiliations off-campus, field trips, special workshops and seminars in their field of study.
Timeline
April: Call for applications
May: Information sessions held in Hanoi and HCMC
Early August: Deadline for submission of applications to the Embassy
Aug-Sep: Screening of applications; Institutional TOEFL for shortlisted candidates; interviews
October 1: Nomination of finalists to Washington
October: Finalists take official iBT
Feb-Mar: Selection results available from Washington
March/April: Departure for the U.S. (fellows needing Long Term English)
May: Placement results available
June-August: Departure for the U.S. (fellows not needing Long Term English)
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

7. Ambassador’s Fund for Cultural Preservation – AFCP
Since its creation by the U.S. Congress in 2001, the U.S. Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation has provided financial support to more than 640 cultural preservation projects in more than 100 countries. The AFCP shows the depth of the U.S. respect for the cultural heritage of other countries. Ten preservation projects in Vietnam, averaging $20,000 each, have been funded by the AFCP, ranging from intangible heritage such as the Then Music of the Tay minority to tangibles such as pagoda statues, museum collections and historical/architectural monuments. In 2010, a major project ($74,500) was granted to Hanoi Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism to preserve the 18th century O Quan Chuong Gate – the only one of the 16 gates that remains of ancient Hanoi, as a gift from the U.S. Ambassador to the people of Hanoi as the city celebrated its 1000th birthday.
Timeline for the 2011 AFCP program:
October: Calls for proposals from Vietnamese organizations
Nov: Proposal Screening
December: Submission of proposal to Washington
July: Selection results available from Washington
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

8. Small Grants Program for civil society organizations
The Small Grants Program is designed to assist countries around the world to strengthen democracy, human rights, civil society, and rule of law, and to combat extremism in their countries by making grants of up to $20,000 to local non-governmental and not-for-profit organizations. Proposals must support program activities that promote democratic practices, including civil society, freedom of information and independent media, transparency in government, NGO capacity building, rule of law and judicial reform, civic education, conflict resolution, human rights, ethnic, minority and women's rights.
Timeline
March: Call for proposals from Vietnamese organizations
May: Submission of proposals by Vietnamese organizations
May-June: Proposal screening by Embassy Committee
June: Submission of shortlisted proposals to Washington
August: Selection results available from Washington
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

9. VEF Fellowship Program for 2018 (?)
The Fellowship application and selection process is open, competitive, and transparent. Applicants do not need to pay any fees to anyone in order to apply or be considered for a VEF Fellowship. Winners are chosen based on individual merit, including academic performance and preparation, intellectual capabilities, English proficiency, and the potential for contribution to scientific education and research.
Contact: fellowship@vef.gov, information@vef.gov
Source: http://www.vef.gov/details.php?mid=6&cid=392
10. VEF Visiting Scholar Program 2017 - 2018 (?)
VEF Visiting Scholar Program (VSP) for Vietnamese nationals, who already hold a doctorate in any of the fields supported by VEF, namely, in the major disciplines of sciences (natural, physical, and environmental), mathematics, medicine (such as, public health), and technology (including information technology). Fields include the basic sciences, such as, biology, chemistry, and physics, as well as agricultural science, computer science, and engineering. Priority this year will be given to applicants, whose field of study focuses on climate change (environmental sciences) or on nuclear energy, provided that all other qualifications are equal.
Contact: vs@vef.gov, information@vef.gov
Source: http://www.vef.gov/details.php?mid=7&cid=393