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我們說到阿爾巴尼亞語言是個謎，而阿爾巴尼亞人也是一樣。
不像附近的希臘或是羅馬。前者可以追溯到邁錫尼文化（Mycenaean civilization），那是四千年前的事；而後者可以追溯到伊特魯利亞文明（Etruscan civilization），也有三千年的歷史。
但是阿爾巴尼亞最早的歷史紀錄一直到十一世紀才出現。
而到了十五世紀，就成為鄂圖曼土耳其帝國的版圖之一；中間雖然有間斷性地獨立，但也讓阿爾巴尼亞伊斯蘭化。
被伊斯蘭國家統治，接受了統治者的宗教，這聽起來沒什麼不合理。
但如果我們翻開地圖，就會發現這也是個謎。因為從鄂圖曼帝國的中心伊斯坦堡到阿爾巴尼亞，中間還有保加利亞、馬其頓、希臘。
這三個國家也都被鄂圖曼統治了三到五百年，但是宗教信仰並沒有改變，依舊是東正教。
伊斯蘭教為什麼可以在阿爾巴尼亞隔空撒種，這真的就無法解釋了。
【大都會藝術博物館-雅典衛城水彩素描展】
吉里洪（Émile Gilliéron ，1850–1924）為瑞士藝術家兼考古插畫家，求學期間待過巴賽爾（Basel）與慕尼黑（Munich）兩地，也曾在巴黎的工作室內學習，1877年落腳於雅典，開展職業生涯巔峰。
但這位吉里洪揪竟是哪一號人物？
說起他生平最著名成就，就不能不提他在雅典參與希臘與外國團隊考古研究，以素描和水彩畫下這些數千年前的古蹟文物，協助重建青銅時期的邁錫尼（Mycenaean）和米諾斯（Minoan）文明，並被公認為是當時希臘最佳考古插畫家。除此之外，他也是希臘國王喬治一世（George I，1863-1913）在位期間的皇室藝術教師，而1896年在雅典舉辦的第一屆現代奧林匹克運動會紀念郵票圖樣繪製便是出自吉里洪之手。
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吉里洪曾受雇於知名德國業餘考古愛好者施里曼（Heinrich Schliemann，1822-1890），之所以稱為〝業餘〞，是因為施里曼原本是名商人，但卻出於自小對遠古文明的執著與愛好，毅然放下事業投身蔓土殘壁。
結果這一挖不得了，被他挖出了特洛伊、邁錫尼等古城。在此之前，世人普遍認為這些古城只是出現於古希臘吟遊詩人荷馬在《荷馬史詩》--《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》中所虛構的情景，而並非真實存在。因為參與了施里曼的考古挖掘，吉里洪也跟著見證、記錄了邁錫尼和特洛伊古物出土盛況。
施里曼之後，吉里洪因精湛畫藝，又被另一位英國考古學家埃文斯爵士（Sir Arthur Evans，1851-1941）聘僱至克里特島（Crete）協助米諾斯文明重見天日。吉里洪不只自己投身考古志業，還有個兒子繼承父業，父子倆為埃文斯爵士的文化事業擔任繪圖員、修復者與顧問，期間長達30餘年。
不光如此，他們還製作並販售大量希臘古蹟的平面與立體複製品，大都會博物館於1903至1933年之間，向吉里洪購入不少精彩作品。儘管複製品通常無法避免真偽與否的討論，但這些描繪最初古蹟出土原貌的圖像紀錄仍可視為古代藝術成就的重要再現。
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這次大都會特地闢出一個展間，展出5幅吉里洪以水彩和素描捕捉的雅典衛城（Acropolis of Athens）建築與雕塑細部結構。那些根據神話故事各種情節和角色所精心雕琢的建築裝飾，被毀於西元前約五世紀初期，亦即距今約2500年前。1880年出土時，吉里洪第一時間便以攝影和素描記錄下來，再據此創作出水彩作品。
其中有3件作品長度都超過3公尺，畫中所描繪雕塑都是用來裝飾一座巨大神殿的山形牆。雕塑年代約為西元前575-560年，一出土即因古法填繪的色彩誘發無數人的懷古情愫並引起廣泛討論。
吉里洪以他精確細膩的技法，準確呈現衛城昔時風貌，包含雕塑上的色彩都盡量追求真實傳達，無論是斑駁脫落，或仍殘存顏彩。這般精確寫實，對於後來的考古重建與研究工作都有極大的參考價值和實際助益。
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畢竟紙本水彩存相對較不易，這些水彩作品也曾經歷過尷尬的發霉污損階段。於是2015年左右，大都會博物館重新為它們進行修復工作，包含：清潔、除霉、紙類保護處理、去污和兩次特殊清洗等，我們才得以見到它們近百年前剛抵達紐約時的風光模樣。一系列修復工作的影像紀錄也同時在展間播出。
吉里洪水彩展在小小的172號展間，還是在兩層樓的中間夾層。名氣沒那麼響亮的好處是，即使有人經過，常常也只是探頭一瞥，連踏進來都懶，於是我便可以好整以暇在這幾乎是個人的空間中慢慢看仔細瞧，一頭栽進輕盈水彩堆砌出的古希臘世界裡。
其實大都會裡頭通常都有6-8個以上特展同時進行，只是規模大小不一。但即便是小展，也常常是很有意思的主題。下次若是時間允許，不妨在館內尋寶，一一看過之後，相信都會有意外的收穫。
展覽至2020年1月5日止。
＃逛博物館開眼界長知識
＃求知與愛藝術不問名氣大小
＃紐約 ＃大都會藝術博物館
＃古希臘 ＃水彩畫
圖片來源 : Junie Wang
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【當你要打畀個客但唔識讀佢個名】
如果我有蕭叔叔嘅磁性聲線，加埋佢嘅英文，你話呢個世界幾咁美好呢，可惜我只係凡人，同其他人一樣都係怕凍嘅，間唔中睇到啲CV，或者打開阿客嘅email，有啲英文名都係唔識讀嘅。
我其中一個客嘅英文名叫Mycenaean，坦白講，第一次收到佢email嗰陣都冇乜點理，直至有次安排求職者上去見工，完咗之後要打去問結果，嗰一刻我就企咗喺度喇。
本身可以有另一個做法，就係如果叫Mycenaean Chan， Mycenaean Wong， Mycenaean Leung，我都可以打去話：喂，唔該陳 / 黃 / 梁小姐吖，但我當時根本唔知呢個客係男定女，ok，咁我決定搵Google大神search下Mycenaean會出啲咩圖片啦，通常都會見到係男多定女多架嘛，唉屌，原來呢個名係唔知啲咩希臘嘢，啲相唔係地圖、石窟，就係啲古羅馬古希臘戰士喺度格鬥，真係吹到啤一聲。
雖然一直以嚟我都係蕭叔叔fans，但係遠水不能救近火，呢個時候我唯有出絕招，每當我唔識讀一啲英文名，就會去YouTube個search bar打 "How to pronounce" 然後加我想知點讀嗰個名，佢比起Google有樣嘢好，就係冇咁機械人音，亦唔係亂拼，呢個緊急方法經常救我一命，所以大家工作時如果遇到呢種情況，不妨去YouTube用呢種方法，有兩個channel分別叫《Emma Saying》同《Pronounce Names》都ok嘅，我偏愛後者，因為佢通常會讀多幾次你聽。
而我上次打去搵Mycenaean嘅時候，就exac7ly係咁嘅：「喂，唔該my-SEE-nay吖。」
「我係呀，嘩，你好叻喎，識得讀我個名，好多人都讀錯。」
真係你阿媽個仔，究竟你改呢個名係有咩居心？
Any肥，學英文都係跟蕭叔叔英式英文學會 Uncle Siu's British English Club最正宗，呢個方法純粹畀你工作時應急。
A Total War Saga: TROY
ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/a-total-war-saga-troy
A Total War Saga: TROY is the first in the award-winning strategy series to focus on the Bronze-Age Mediterranean and the legendary twenty-year conflict between the kingdoms of Troy and Mycenaean Greece, known as the Trojan War.
Total War Saga: Troy is a strategy computer game developed by the Creative Assembly Sofia and published by Sega. It is part of the Total War Saga sub-series and will be released on August 13, 2020 on the Epic Games Store, then on Steam in Summer 2021. As part of the 12 month exclusivity promotional deal with Epic Games, Total War Saga: Troy will be free of charge for the first 24h of it's release.
The game is set during the Trojan War in the Bronze Age, taking place the furthest back in time the series has ever covered.
The Greek gods featured in Troy can influence the game in similar ways to their Homeric counterparts, with their influence spanning entire factions, rather than directly intervening on the battlefield. Gaining favour with the different gods requires players to invest time or sacrifice resources, but also provides various benefits as the game progresses.
Although there is little documentation of Bronze Age naval warfare, naval combat has been included in the form of island battles, inspired by that featured in Total War: Warhammer II – Curse of the Vampire Coast. The Greek god Poseidon will play a major role in these battles.
Hero versus hero combat has been implemented in Troy, wherein two fighting heroes will be given room by nearby units, creating a circular battle area and preventing other units from intervening. Some heroes have an active battle ability called Divine Challenge, which taunts opposing characters into one-on-one combat. Eight heroes are included in the game, such as the Greek champion- Achilles, and the Prince of Troy- Hector.
A Trojan horse mechanic plays a major role within the campaign, appearing in the campaign at specific moments, and providing significant bonuses to players should it be acted upon quickly enough.
Troy introduces a new multiple resource economy that reflects the advancing pre-monetary barter economy of the Bronze Age setting. The five different resources are food, wood, stone, bronze, and gold, which can be found within different regions to varying degrees of scarcity. Food and wood are used to recruit early game units and construct simple buildings, whereas more formidable structures will require stone, and higher tier units will require bronze. Gold is vital for trade due to its universal rarity.
The diplomacy system in Troy builds on that featured in Total War: Three Kingdoms, allowing you to appease allies, your enemies in their place, allowing the player to change the entire course of the Trojan war. Other new diplomatic features which are unique to Troy will also be introduced.
A Total War Saga: TROY
ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/a-total-war-saga-troy
A Total War Saga: TROY is the first in the award-winning strategy series to focus on the Bronze-Age Mediterranean and the legendary twenty-year conflict between the kingdoms of Troy and Mycenaean Greece, known as the Trojan War.
Total War Saga: Troy is a strategy computer game developed by the Creative Assembly Sofia and published by Sega. It is part of the Total War Saga sub-series and will be released on August 13, 2020 on the Epic Games Store, then on Steam in Summer 2021. As part of the 12 month exclusivity promotional deal with Epic Games, Total War Saga: Troy will be free of charge for the first 24h of it's release.
The game is set during the Trojan War in the Bronze Age, taking place the furthest back in time the series has ever covered.
The Greek gods featured in Troy can influence the game in similar ways to their Homeric counterparts, with their influence spanning entire factions, rather than directly intervening on the battlefield. Gaining favour with the different gods requires players to invest time or sacrifice resources, but also provides various benefits as the game progresses.
Although there is little documentation of Bronze Age naval warfare, naval combat has been included in the form of island battles, inspired by that featured in Total War: Warhammer II – Curse of the Vampire Coast. The Greek god Poseidon will play a major role in these battles.
Hero versus hero combat has been implemented in Troy, wherein two fighting heroes will be given room by nearby units, creating a circular battle area and preventing other units from intervening. Some heroes have an active battle ability called Divine Challenge, which taunts opposing characters into one-on-one combat. Eight heroes are included in the game, such as the Greek champion- Achilles, and the Prince of Troy- Hector.
A Trojan horse mechanic plays a major role within the campaign, appearing in the campaign at specific moments, and providing significant bonuses to players should it be acted upon quickly enough.
Troy introduces a new multiple resource economy that reflects the advancing pre-monetary barter economy of the Bronze Age setting. The five different resources are food, wood, stone, bronze, and gold, which can be found within different regions to varying degrees of scarcity. Food and wood are used to recruit early game units and construct simple buildings, whereas more formidable structures will require stone, and higher tier units will require bronze. Gold is vital for trade due to its universal rarity.
The diplomacy system in Troy builds on that featured in Total War: Three Kingdoms, allowing you to appease allies, your enemies in their place, allowing the player to change the entire course of the Trojan war. Other new diplomatic features which are unique to Troy will also be introduced.
A Total War Saga: TROY
ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/a-total-war-saga-troy
A Total War Saga: TROY is the first in the award-winning strategy series to focus on the Bronze-Age Mediterranean and the legendary twenty-year conflict between the kingdoms of Troy and Mycenaean Greece, known as the Trojan War.
Total War Saga: Troy is a strategy computer game developed by the Creative Assembly Sofia and published by Sega. It is part of the Total War Saga sub-series and will be released on August 13, 2020 on the Epic Games Store, then on Steam in Summer 2021. As part of the 12 month exclusivity promotional deal with Epic Games, Total War Saga: Troy will be free of charge for the first 24h of it's release.
The game is set during the Trojan War in the Bronze Age, taking place the furthest back in time the series has ever covered.
The Greek gods featured in Troy can influence the game in similar ways to their Homeric counterparts, with their influence spanning entire factions, rather than directly intervening on the battlefield. Gaining favour with the different gods requires players to invest time or sacrifice resources, but also provides various benefits as the game progresses.
Although there is little documentation of Bronze Age naval warfare, naval combat has been included in the form of island battles, inspired by that featured in Total War: Warhammer II – Curse of the Vampire Coast. The Greek god Poseidon will play a major role in these battles.
Hero versus hero combat has been implemented in Troy, wherein two fighting heroes will be given room by nearby units, creating a circular battle area and preventing other units from intervening. Some heroes have an active battle ability called Divine Challenge, which taunts opposing characters into one-on-one combat. Eight heroes are included in the game, such as the Greek champion- Achilles, and the Prince of Troy- Hector.
A Trojan horse mechanic plays a major role within the campaign, appearing in the campaign at specific moments, and providing significant bonuses to players should it be acted upon quickly enough.
Troy introduces a new multiple resource economy that reflects the advancing pre-monetary barter economy of the Bronze Age setting. The five different resources are food, wood, stone, bronze, and gold, which can be found within different regions to varying degrees of scarcity. Food and wood are used to recruit early game units and construct simple buildings, whereas more formidable structures will require stone, and higher tier units will require bronze. Gold is vital for trade due to its universal rarity.
The diplomacy system in Troy builds on that featured in Total War: Three Kingdoms, allowing you to appease allies, your enemies in their place, allowing the player to change the entire course of the Trojan war. Other new diplomatic features which are unique to Troy will also be introduced.
Mycenaean is the term applied to the art and culture of Greece from ca. 1600 to 1100 B.C. The name derives from the site of Mycenae in the Peloponnesos, ... ... <看更多>
The Mycenaeans were indigenous Greeks who were likely stimulated by their contact with Minoan Crete and other Mediterranean cultures to develop ... ... <看更多>
mycenaean 在 邁錫尼文明- 維基百科，自由的百科全書 的相關結果
邁錫尼文明（英語：Mycenaean Greece，法文： Civilisation mycénne，前1600年– 前1100年) 是希臘青銅時代晚期的文明，它由伯羅奔尼撒半島的邁錫尼城而得名。 ... <看更多>