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#EZTALK #你不知道的美國大小事
#redskin #football

🏈 The Washington Redskins
美國平權爭議燒向🔥美式足球：華盛頓紅皮隊隊名爭議

在進入文章之前，先來看幾個單字～✍
1. NFL「美式足球聯盟」：National Football League，是世界最大的職業美式足球聯盟，Super Bowl「超級盃」則是NFL的年度冠軍賽，一般在每年1月最後一個或2月第一個禮拜天舉行，當天也稱為Super Bowl Sunday，觀看超級盃足球賽可以說是全美運動。
2. criticism「批評」：當名詞，動詞為criticize
3. activist「社運人士」
4. settler「殖民者，開拓者」
5. negative「負面的」
6. stereotype「刻板印象」
7. offensive「冒犯的，歧視的」
8. poll「民意調查」
9. call on「呼籲，訴求」
10. merchandise「商品」

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If you’re a fan of American football, you’re sure to be familiar with the Washington Redskins. Since joining the NFL in the early 1930s, the Redskins have won two NFL Championships and three Super Bowls. Only five teams have appeared in more Super Bowls than the Redskins—the New England Patriots, Dallas Cowboys, Pittsburgh Steelers, Denver Broncos and San Francisco 49ers.
如果你是美式足球迷，想必對華盛頓紅皮隊不陌生。從1930年代初期加入美國職業美式足球聯盟NFL以來，紅皮隊已經拿下兩次NFL冠軍以及三次超級盃冠軍。目前只有五個球隊出現在超級盃的次數能超過紅皮隊──新英格蘭愛國者隊、達拉斯牛仔隊、匹茲堡鋼人隊、丹佛野馬隊，以及舊金山49人隊。

In recent years, however, the Redskins have come under increasing criticism. Although the Redskins’ last Super Bowl appearance was in 1992, this criticism isn’t about their performance on the field, but rather their name.
不過最近幾年，紅皮隊卻受到越來越多的批評聲浪。即使紅皮隊最近一次現身在超級盃已經是1992年的事情了，不過這個批評其實跟他們球場上的表現無關，而是跟他們的隊名有關。

Where does the term “redskin” come from? In the 18th century, French settlers in the Mississippi River Valley translated a word used by local Indians to refer to themselves into peau rouge. This was later translated into English as redskin, a term that was used for many years with no negative meaning, even by Indians themselves. But during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, American Indian activists began to feel that words like redskin promoted negative stereotypes about Native Americans.
「紅皮膚redskin」這個詞是怎麼來的？十八世紀移居到密西西比河流域的法國人，將當地印地安人用來自稱的字翻成peau rouge，這個法文詞後來翻成英文redskin「紅皮膚」，當時這個字並沒有任何負面含意，也這樣相安無事用了許多年，連印地安人自己也在用。不過，到一九六〇年代人權運動時期，美國印第安社運人士開始覺得，這個字會引起大家對美國原住民的負面刻板印象。

Today, most dictionaries define redskin as an offensive term, but it’s not that simple. A number of polls have shown that the majority of football fans, the general public, and even American Indians, don’t find the word redskin offensive. And Redskins owner Dan Snyder has said the name was chosen back in 1933 to honor Native Americans, including the head coach—who was part Sioux—and four of the team’s players.
如今，多數字典都將redskin這個字定義成歧視字眼，不過事情可沒這麼簡單。一連串針對美式足球觀眾、一般大眾、甚至對美國印地安人所做的民意調查顯示，他們並不覺得redskin這個字有歧視意味。而紅皮隊老闆丹施耐德也說了，這個隊名是他們在1933年為了表彰隊上的美國原住民隊員而選定的，包含身為蘇族的總教練以及其4名球員。

But following the police killing of George Floyd, a group of investors wrote letters to Redskins sponsors like FedEx, Nike and PepsiCo urging them to put pressure on the team to change its name. On July 2, FedEx publically called on the team to change its name, and Nike removed all Redskins merchandise from its website. The next day, the team announced that it would be reviewing its name, and on July 13 made an official statement that they would retire the Redskins name and logo.
然而，發生佛洛依德之死事件之後，一群投資人寫信給FedEx、Nike、百事可樂等紅皮隊的贊助商，希望他們對紅皮隊施加壓力更改隊名。7月2日，FedEx公開呼籲紅皮隊改名，Nike則是撤下官網上所有有紅皮隊隊徽的產品。隔日紅皮隊宣布會審慎檢討隊名，並在7月13日做出官方說明，表示他們會讓紅皮隊這個名字與隊徽走入歷史。
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🔔 按下「搶先看」，每週五【美國大小事】，由 Judd 編審分享最即時美國新鮮事！想知道更多美國文化，請看 👉 http://bit.ly/EZTalk嚴選

Just take few mins to read it please .

Sharing a great 1st hand testimony of successful overcoming very contagious and deadly new coronavirus illness.

翻譯一篇在西雅圖感染新冠肺炎病毒的美國人所寫的個人經歷。

我感染了新冠病毒（武漢肺炎），由於不少我身邊朋友的請托，希望我可以跟大家分享我的情況，所以我決定把我的染病的經驗公開，讓大家可以有更多的了解。

首先對於新冠病毒，它比你想像的更容易被感染. 我確信我是在參加一個小型家庭聚會時被感染的。當時參加的客人沒有人咳嗽、打噴嚏，或者顯現出任何生病的症狀。結果呢？約40%參加聚會的人都被感染了！媒體上所說的要勤洗手避免跟有症狀的人接觸，我都照做了. 我覺得沒有任何方式可以避免被感染，除非你完全避免跟人群接觸。40% 被感染者都是在參加聚會後三天之內就發病，他們都有著相同的症狀，包含發燒.

其次，這些症狀因人而異，因每個人的身體狀況及年齡而有所不同。大部分受感染的朋友年齡層約在40到50歲左右，而我是30幾歲。對我們來說染病的初始症狀是頭痛，發燒（最初三天是持續高燒而後三天是間歇性高燒），身體的劇烈疼痛以及關節疼痛，而且有強烈的四肢無力與倦怠感。在我感染的第一個晚上高燒到103度，隨後下降到100度、99.5度.有些朋友則有腹瀉的症狀。

有一天我覺得想嘔吐。當發燒症狀消退後，鼻塞、喉嚨痛的症狀則持續，僅僅極少數的人感到輕微的喉頭搔癢的乾咳。只有幾個人感到胸口鬱悶感及其他的呼吸道感染徵狀。整個發病期約持續10-16天。

問題的癥結點在於很多人在沒有咳嗽或呼吸困難的症狀時，都傾向於不需要(或不認為必須)接受武漢肺炎測試。我是透過一個叫做西雅圖流感研究的機構所做的測試。這是一個位於西雅圖的研究機構，它們透過對志願者的檢測，來研究流感病毒類型與社區傳播。幾週前這個機構開始對志願者提供新冠肺炎病毒做隨機抽樣檢測。它們把我的初測到的陽性樣本送到國王郡的公共衛生部門去做感染病毒的確認。隨後我被通知連同我在內所有陽性反應的檢測人，都被確認是感染了新冠肺炎的病毒。

從最初感到症狀到昨天3/9為止，已經過了13天，發燒症狀消退已經過了72小時(3天)。國王郡的公衛部門建議感染者在有感染的症狀出現後，做至少7天的自我的居家隔離。在發燒症狀消退後的72小時內，也應居家隔離，避免接觸公眾。目前我已經度過了這兩個期限，所以我不再自我居家隔離，於此同時，我還是避免過度參與公眾活動與接觸大批人群。我並沒有住院，也不是所有感染新冠肺炎病毒的人都住進郡立醫院。很多跟我一樣的感染者，並沒有去看醫生，就自我痊癒了。對我們來說，這感覺就像一個比以往流行型感冒稍微嚴重一點的新型流感，與我所接種而受到保護的流感疫苗，略為不同。

我確信缺乏對新冠病毒檢測的機制是造成多數人相信他們只是感染風寒或一般正在傳播的季節性流感而已。最糟的情況是，很多人在沒有顯現任何症狀的情況下，仍舊正常參加集會活動或正常社交聚會，而將病毒傳播出去。

我知道很多人認為這款病毒不會傳染給他們。我真心希望真的是如此，但是我仍舊相信整體上缺乏早期的發現與預防性檢測，將會嚴重影響到西雅圖地區公眾對新冠肺炎的抵抗能力。 目前已知的情況是西雅圖地區已經有嚴重的疫情，雖然我已經痊癒，但是我真的不希望這樣的病情發生在其他更多人身上。

我想我做了一件正確的選擇，讓我呼吸系統感染的症狀不致於變得更嚴重，就是我按時服用 Sudafed (一種藥方販售，不需處方的感冒退燒藥)，Afrin 鼻腔噴劑 以及使用清鼻腔咽喉分泌物的Neti Pot 。這些措施保持我的鼻腔咽喉乾淨，從而防堵病毒向下蔓延到我的肺部。我不是在這裡提供醫療建議，只是單純的分享我個人的經驗，因為我並沒有肺部的感染。也許我所做的跟肺部感染並無相關性。而是跟我所感染的病毒特性與病毒感染量有關。

我希望我所分享的資訊，能幫助大家避免受到感染，或者推動整個公眾檢測系統能更快啟動讓感染者能早期自我隔離，而有呼吸道症候群感染疑慮者，能早期接受治療。洗手並無法完全避免受到感染。尤其那些沒有任何徵兆的帶原傳播者，可能正是你身邊普通社交場合出現的人們。感染病毒後不一定會致死。但是你也不會想不小心傳播病毒給你身邊所關心的年長者，或者有免疫系統功能失調的親友們。大家保重。

I had COVID-19 and here is my story. I made this post public out of several requests from my friends who asked me to share. I hope it gives you some good information and peace of mind!

First how easily you can get it. I believe I caught it when attending a small house party at which no one was coughing, sneezing or otherwise displaying any symptoms of illness. It appears that 40% of the attendees of this party ended up sick. The media tells you to wash your hands and avoid anyone with symptoms. I did. There is no way to avoid catching this except avoiding all other humans. 40% of folks were all sick within 3 days of attending the party all with the same/similar symptoms including fever.

Second, the symptoms appear to be different depending on your constitution and/or age. Most of my friends who got it were in their late 40s to early 50s. I’m in my mid 30s. For us it was headache, fever (for first 3 days consistently and then on and off after 3 days), severe body aches and joint pain, and severe fatigue. I had a fever that spiked the first night to 103 degrees and eventually came down to 100 and then low grade 99.5. Some folks had diarrhea.

I felt nauseous one day. Once the fever is gone some were left with nasal congestion, sore throat. Only a very few of us had a mild itchy cough. Very few had chest tightness or other respiratory symptoms. Total duration of illness was 10-16 days.

The main issue is that without reporting a cough or trouble breathing many of us were refused testing. I got tested through the Seattle Flu Study. This is a RESEARCH study here in Seattle and they have been testing volunteers for strains of the flu to study transmission within the community. A few weeks ago, they started to test a random subset of samples for COVID-19 infection. They sent my sample to the King County Public Health Department for confirmation; however, I was told that all of the samples that have tested positive in the research study have been confirmed by Public Health.

As of Monday March 9th, it has been 13 days since my symptoms started and more than 72 hours since my fever subsided. The King County Public Health Department is recommending you stay isolated for 7 days after the start of symptoms or 72 hours after your fever subsides. I have surpassed both deadlines so I am no longer isolating myself however I am avoiding strenuous activity and large crowds and I obviously will not come near you if I see you in public. I was not hospitalized. Not every country is hospitalizing everyone with a COVID-19 infection and in my case, and in many other cases, I didn’t even go to the doctor because I was recovering on my own and felt it was just a nasty flu strain different from the ones I have been protected from with this season’s flu vaccine.

I also truly believe the lack of testing is leading to folks believing that they just have a cold or something else going out into public and spreading it. And worse folks with no symptoms are also spreading it as in the case of a person attending a party or social gathering who has no symptoms.

I know some folks are thinking that this can’t/won’t impact them. I hope it doesn’t but I believe that the overall lack of early and pervasive testing damaged the public’s ability to avoid the illness here in Seattle. All I know is that Seattle has been severely impacted and although I’m better now I would not wish this very uncomfortable illness on anyone.

One thing that I believe may have saved me from getting worse respiratory symptoms is the fact that I consistently took Sudafed, used Afrin nasal spray (3 sprays in each nostril, 3 days at a time and then 3 days off), and used a Neti pot (with purified water). This could have kept my sinuses clear and prevented the symptoms from spreading to my lungs. This is not medical advice: I’m simply sharing what I did and correlating it with the fact that I had no respiratory symptoms. The two could be entirely unrelated based on the viral strain and viral load that I received.

I hope this information helps someone avoid getting sick and/or push to get tested sooner rather than later so you know to isolate before it gets worse or to get medical care if you have respiratory distress. Hand washing doesn’t guarantee you won’t get sick, especially when folks without symptoms are contagious and could be standing right next to you in any given social situation. You more likely than not will not die, but do you want to risk spreading it to a loved one over 60 or someone with an immunity issue? Stay healthy folks!

一篇在西雅圖感染新冠肺炎病毒的美國人所寫的個人經歷。
Elizabeth Schneider, a 37-year-old marketing manager who lives in Seattle, told KSAT that she contracted the virus at a small house party on Feb. 22. Nobody felt ill at the time, but 40% of the attendees became sick within a few days.

"I had COVID-19 and here is my story. I made this post public out of several requests from my friends who asked me to share. I hope it gives you some good information and peace of mind!
我感染了新冠病毒（武漢肺炎），由於不少我身邊朋友的請托，希望我可以跟大家分享我的情況，所以我決定把我的染病的經驗公開，讓大家可以有更多的了解。

First how easily you can get it. I believe I caught it when attending a small house party at which no one was coughing, sneezing or otherwise displaying any symptoms of illness. It appears that 40% of the attendees of this party ended up sick. The media tells you to wash your hands and avoid anyone with symptoms. I did. There is no way to avoid catching this except avoiding all other humans. 40% of folks were all sick within 3 days of attending the party all with the same/similar symptoms including fever.
首先對於新冠病毒，它比你想像的更容易被感染. 我確信我是在參加一個小型家庭聚會時被感染的。當時參加的客人沒有人咳嗽、打噴嚏，或者顯現出任何生病的症狀。結果呢？約40%參加聚會的人都被感染了！媒體上所說的要勤洗手避免跟有症狀的人接觸，我都照做了. 我覺得沒有任何方式可以避免被感染，除非你完全避免跟人群接觸。40% 被感染者都是在參加聚會後三天之內就發病，他們都有著相同的症狀，包含發燒.

Second, the symptoms appear to be different depending on your constitution and/or age. Most of my friends who got it were in their late 40s to early 50s. I’m in my mid 30s. For us it was headache, fever (for first 3 days consistently and then on and off after 3 days), severe body aches and joint pain, and severe fatigue. I had a fever that spiked the first night to 103 degrees and eventually came down to 100 and then low grade 99.5. Some folks had diarrhea.
其次，這些症狀因人而異，因每個人的身體狀況及年齡而有所不同。大部分受感染的朋友年齡層約在40到50歲左右，而我是30幾歲。對我們來說染病的初始症狀是頭痛，發燒（最初三天是持續高燒而後三天是間歇性高燒），身體的劇烈疼痛以及關節疼痛，而且有強烈的四肢無力與倦怠感。在我感染的第一個晚上高燒到103度，隨後下降到100度、99.5度.有些朋友則有腹瀉的症狀。

I felt nauseous one day. Once the fever is gone some were left with nasal congestion, sore throat. Only a very few of us had a mild itchy cough. Very few had chest tightness or other respiratory symptoms. Total duration of illness was 10-16 days.
有一天我覺得想嘔吐。當發燒症狀消退後，鼻塞、喉嚨痛的症狀則持續，僅僅極少數的人感到輕微的喉頭搔癢的乾咳。只有幾個人感到胸口鬱悶感及其他的呼吸道感染徵狀。整個發病期約持續10-16天。

The main issue is that without reporting a cough or trouble breathing many of us were refused testing. I got tested through the Seattle Flu Study. This is a RESEARCH study here in Seattle and they have been testing volunteers for strains of the flu to study transmission within the community. A few weeks ago, they started to test a random subset of samples for COVID-19 infection. They sent my sample to the King County Public Health Department for confirmation; however, I was told that all of the samples that have tested positive in the research study have been confirmed by Public Health.
問題的癥結點在於很多人在沒有咳嗽或呼吸困難的症狀時，都傾向於不需要(或不認為必須)接受武漢肺炎測試。我是透過一個叫做西雅圖流感研究的機構所做的測試。這是一個位於西雅圖的研究機構，它們透過對志願者的檢測，來研究流感病毒類型與社區傳播。幾週前這個機構開始對志願者提供新冠肺炎病毒做隨機抽樣檢測。它們把我的初測到的陽性樣本送到國王郡的公共衛生部門去做感染病毒的確認。隨後我被通知連同我在內所有陽性反應的檢測人，都被確認是感染了新冠肺炎的病毒。

As of Monday March 9th, it has been 13 days since my symptoms started and more than 72 hours since my fever subsided. The King County Public Health Department is recommending you stay isolated for 7 days after the start of symptoms or 72 hours after your fever subsides. I have surpassed both deadlines so I am no longer isolating myself however I am avoiding strenuous activity and large crowds and I obviously will not come near you if I see you in public. I was not hospitalized. Not every country is hospitalizing everyone with a COVID-19 infection and in my case, and in many other cases, I didn’t even go to the doctor because I was recovering on my own and felt it was just a nasty flu strain different from the ones I have been protected from with this season’s flu vaccine.
從最初感到症狀到昨天3/9為止，已經過了13天，發燒症狀消退已經過了72小時(3天)。國王郡的公衛部門建議感染者在有感染的症狀出現後，做至少7天的自我的居家隔離。在發燒症狀消退後的72小時內，也應居家隔離，避免接觸公眾。目前我已經度過了這兩個期限，所以我不再自我居家隔離，於此同時，我還是避免過度參與公眾活動與接觸大批人群。我並沒有住院，也不是所有感染新冠肺炎病毒的人都住進郡立醫院。很多跟我一樣的感染者，並沒有去看醫生，就自我痊癒了。對我們來說，這感覺就像一個比以往流行型感冒稍微嚴重一點的新型流感，與我所接種而受到保護的流感疫苗，略為不同。

I also truly believe the lack of testing is leading to folks believing that they just have a cold or something else going out into public and spreading it. And worse folks with no symptoms are also spreading it as in the case of a person attending a party or social gathering who has no symptoms.
我確信缺乏對新冠病毒檢測的機制是造成多數人相信他們只是感染風寒或一般正在傳播的季節性流感而已。最糟的情況是，很多人在沒有顯現任何症狀的情況下，仍舊正常參加集會活動或正常社交聚會，而將病毒傳播出去。

I know some folks are thinking that this can’t/won’t impact them. I hope it doesn’t but I believe that the overall lack of early and pervasive testing damaged the public’s ability to avoid the illness here in Seattle. All I know is that Seattle has been severely impacted and although I’m better now I would not wish this very uncomfortable illness on anyone.
我知道很多人認為這款病毒不會傳染給他們。我真心希望真的是如此，但是我仍舊相信整體上缺乏早期的發現與預防性檢測，將會嚴重影響到西雅圖地區公眾對新冠肺炎的抵抗能力。 目前已知的情況是西雅圖地區已經有嚴重的疫情，雖然我已經痊癒，但是我真的不希望這樣的病情發生在其他更多人身上。

One thing that I believe may have saved me from getting worse respiratory symptoms is the fact that I consistently took Sudafed, used Afrin nasal spray (3 sprays in each nostril, 3 days at a time and then 3 days off), and used a Neti pot (with purified water). This could have kept my sinuses clear and prevented the symptoms from spreading to my lungs. This is not medical advice: I’m simply sharing what I did and correlating it with the fact that I had no respiratory symptoms. The two could be entirely unrelated based on the viral strain and viral load that I received.

我想我做了一件正確的選擇，讓我呼吸系統感染的症狀不致於變得更嚴重，就是我按時服用 Sudafed (一種藥方販售，不需處方的感冒退燒藥)，Afrin 鼻腔噴劑 以及使用清鼻腔咽喉分泌物的Neti Pot 。這些措施保持我的鼻腔咽喉乾淨，從而防堵病毒向下蔓延到我的肺部。我不是在這裡提供醫療建議，只是單純的分享我個人的經驗，因為我並沒有肺部的感染。也許我所做的跟肺部感染並無相關性。而是跟我所感染的病毒特性與病毒感染量有關。

I hope this information helps someone avoid getting sick and/or push to get tested sooner rather than later so you know to isolate before it gets worse or to get medical care if you have respiratory distress. Hand washing doesn’t guarantee you won’t get sick, especially when folks without symptoms are contagious and could be standing right next to you in any given social situation. You more likely than not will not die, but do you want to risk spreading it to a loved one over 60 or someone with an immunity issue? Stay healthy folks!

我希望我所分享的資訊，能幫助大家避免受到感染，或者推動整個公眾檢測系統能更快啟動讓感染者能早期自我隔離，而有呼吸道症候群感染疑慮者，能早期接受治療。洗手並無法完全避免受到感染。尤其那些沒有任何徵兆的帶原傳播者，可能正是你身邊普通社交場合出現的人們。感染病毒後不一定會致死。但是你也不會想不小心傳播病毒給你身邊所關心的年長者，或者有免疫系統功能失調的親友們。大家保重。"

https://www.click2houston.com/health/2020/03/11/i-had-covid-19-and-heres-my-story-woman-shares-details-of-coronavirus-experience/