【保健知多D】一字之差?魚油 vs 魚肝油?(一)
〈魚油同魚肝油有咩分別?〉
有時候,一字之差往往可以「差之毫釐,謬之千里」,帶出很多好美麗的誤會。
舉例說,「魚油」、「魚肝油」便是一對活生生的例子。
根據經驗,很多人往往經常會將「魚油」看成「魚肝油」或者將「魚肝油」說成「魚油」。所以如果是第一次買魚油或者魚肝油的話,藥罐子大多都會不厭其煩問清楚對方所指的到底是魚油還是魚肝油。
那兩者其實到底又有什麼分別呢?
首先說到魚油,便不得不提魚油的歷史:
其實人們之所以會對魚油感興趣,主要源於一種自相矛盾的怪現象。
這種怪現象徹底打破了一般人一種根深蒂固的觀念,跌破了很多人的眼鏡……
這種怪現象便是……
理論上,根據一般人的認知,脂肪的攝取量愈多,患上心血管病症的風險自然便會愈大。
簡單說,攝取大量脂肪固然可能會增加肥胖的風險,同時還可能會增加患上心血管病症的風險,例如冠心病(Coronary Heart Disease, CHD),對吧?
不過有一種人偏偏就是例外。
這種人便是……
愛斯基摩人(Eskimo)!
首先愛斯基摩人長年住在北極這種天寒地凍、冰天雪地的極北之地,面對這片寸草不生的不毛之地,人們不能耕種,只能狩獵為生,主要是魚、海豹、鯨魚。
當然同是北極,這些獵物當然不懂穿羽絨,不過體內卻會屯積大量脂肪來隔溫保暖,面皮……不、不、不,應該是皮下脂肪一般較厚,所以這些愛斯基摩人的餐單裡自然離不開大量脂肪,不過這類人偏偏就是較少患上心血管病症,例如心臟病發。
好奇怪,對吧?
後來人們發現這些脂肪蘊含豐富的奧米加3脂肪酸(Omega-3 Fatty Acids)這種多元不飽和脂肪酸(Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, PUFAs),或許能夠解釋這個現象。
實際上,魚油同樣蘊含豐富的奧米加3脂肪酸,其中較重要的主要有二十二碳六烯酸(Docosahexaenoic Acid, DHA)、二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapentaenoic Acid, EPA)兩種。
對,這就是我們經常掛在嘴邊的DHA、EPA。所以與其說二十……這兩個冗長的中文,倒不如直接說英文好了。
實際上,藥罐子相信大家可能聽過DHA、EPA,不過未必真的聽過「二十二碳六烯酸」、「二十碳五烯酸」這兩個化學名吧?
真的要說的話,DHA、EPA各有長短。
其中相較DHA而言,EPA較能降低極低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(Very-low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, VLDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL-C)(俗稱「壞膽固醇」)、三酸甘油脂(Triglycerides)的水平,同時還可能會增加高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HDL-C)(俗稱「好膽固醇」)的水平。[1]
這就是說,理論上,魚油可能會改善體內的膽固醇,所以可能會紓緩高脂血症(Hyperlipidemia),從而可能會減少出現心血管病症的風險。
不過暫時還是言之尚早,所以美國食品藥物管理局(U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA)暫時只容許魚油產品作出以下類似意思的聲稱,例如:
"Consuming EPA and DHA combined may reduce blood pressure and reduce the risk of hypertension, a risk factor for CHD (coronary heart disease). However, FDA has concluded that the evidence is inconsistent and inconclusive.……"[2]
話雖如此,實際上,只要改良魚油並進化成為Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester,這種升級版的魚油便會從「保健品」升為一種「藥品」,用於治療高三酸甘油脂血症(Hypertriglyceridemia)。[1][3]
至於相較EPA而言,DHA或許較能抗凝血[4]、降血壓[5]。
在副作用上,魚油看來一般安全。
不過說到魚,自然離不開魚腥味;說到油,自然離不開油膩膩的口感,兩者同樣可能會影響依從性。
同時,市面上的魚油大多源自深海魚,所以偶爾會稱為「深海魚油」,海床愈深,光源便會愈少,溫度便會愈低,脂肪便會愈厚,DHA、EPA自然便會愈多,同時因為這些深海魚大多位居食物鏈的高層,所以一些污染物便可能會沿著食物鏈層層遞進進入這些深海魚裡面,例如汞(Mercury)、多氯聯苯(Polychlorinated Biphenyl, PCB)、二噁英(Dioxin)。
當然不用問,這條食物鏈的最高層當然是人類。
所以當人們服用這些魚油的時候,這些污染物便可能會沿著這條食物鏈進入人體,日積月累,便可能會構成毒性,從而可能會增加中毒的風險。
還有,因為魚油可能會抗凝血,所以較可能會加強一些抗凝血藥的功效,例如華法林(Warfarin),從而可能會增加出血的風險。[6]
當然,除此之外,其他西藥例如亞士匹靈(Aspirin)或者中藥例如當歸、丹參同樣可能會跟魚油產生這種相互作用,從而可能會增加出血的風險。
所以如果正在服用這些中、西藥的話,一般建議服用魚油前首先應該諮詢醫生的專業意見。
最後,魚油是魚油,不是魚肝油,這點,千萬不要弄錯。
(如欲了解更多用藥資訊,歡迎看看「小小藥罐子」網誌。)
💊💊💊💊💊💊💊
BLOG➡️http://pegashadraymak.blogspot.com/
IG➡️https://www.instagram.com/pegashadraymak/
YT➡️https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQOMojMd6q7XnESMWwldPhQ
📕📕📕📕📕📕📕
著作➡️藥事知多D、用藥知多D、藥房事件簿、家居用藥攻略(各大書店有售)
Reference:
1. McKenney JM, Sica D. Role of prescription omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27:715-728.
2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Food, News & Events from CFSAN, CFSAN Constituent Updates, FDA Announces New Qualified Health Claims for EPA and DHA Omega-3 Consumption and the Risk of Hypertension and Coronary Heart Disease, available at https://www.fda.gov/food/cfsan-constituent-updates/fda-announces-new-qualified-health-claims-epa-and-dha-omega-3-consumption-and-risk-hypertension-and (Accessed 9 Sep 2020)
3. McKenney JM, Sica D. Prescription omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007;64:595-605.
4. Woodman RJ, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on platelet, fibrinolytic and vascular function in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis. 2003;166:85-93.
5. Mori TA, Bao DQ, Burke V, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid lowers ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in humans. Hypertension. 1999;34:253-260.
6. Buckley MS, Goff AD, Knapp WE, et al. Fish oil interaction with warfarin. Ann Pharmacother. 2004;38:50-52.
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過5,450的網紅402ashley,也在其Youtube影片中提到,說到明洞美食, 令我最深刻的應該是這間餐廳。 一聽到餐廳名字已經很吸引, 因為我本身很喜歡吃紫菜包飯的!! 我選擇了三個 - 拼盤紫菜包飯 Assorted Savory Kimbap - 芝士拉麵 Cheese Noodles 水餃 Stuffed dumpling Boiled 其實我覺得一個合...
not qualified中文 在 Jessica & Jayden 姊姊弟弟看世界 Facebook 的精選貼文
#LittleNipper
English below
好驕傲,她完成了一件我們都沒完成的事,中文在英文下面唷!
We are very proud of Jessica’s efforts today to qualify for the Dicky Beach Nippers (Junior) Surf Life Saving Club today. It began with an assessment at the local swimming pool where she had to swim 50m and float on her back for a minute. Then we had to go down to Dicky Beach for an open water ocean swim. The water was extremely choppy and rough and she had to swim out to a buoy about 50m out and back unassisted. Despite never having done that before, she braved the water with waves crashing over her the whole way and completed the swim. It was a massive effort to overcome her doubts and fears. She broke down a little after the swim but it’s a huge step forward in her self belief and now she gets a unique opportunity to be a part of the surf lifesaving community here on the Sunshine Coast.
Unfortunately Jayden got NYQ (Not Yet Qualified) on his swimming assessment but he had fun and is sure to give it another go soon!
我們今天在高爾夫球課後,直奔去考Nipper,拔拔和媽媽都好驕傲,因為她完成了一項我們都沒有達成的事!
Little Nipper是Surf Club會訓練的小小海灘救生員,要加入他們成為學員,每個年齡層都有不同的測試,不滿9歲的姐姐要做泳池自由式50公尺,仰浮1分鐘,然後才可以去海邊測第二階段的實地測驗,要在海水裡游50公尺!
今天的浪很大,基本上走出去就會被打回來,姐姐是在游不出、游不回來的狀態下完成的,因為浪大,游出去一點,就被打回來3點,游回來一點,就被捲回去3點,她從來沒有做過這樣的事,但她還是認真努力並且克服自己的恐懼勇敢的完成了!
媽媽幫她錄影的7分鐘裡不停的為她禱告,同一個時間也不盡感動的流淚,心裏不盡讚嘆「妳好棒呀!」
我和爸爸都驚訝她可以這麼如魚得水,我們從來都知道她的水性很好,但卻不知道她真的游這麼好,我們第一次看她這樣認真的游泳,心情為她而激動,也因為她而充滿感動!
雖然結束離開現場的她在放鬆後,玻璃心有碎了一會兒,哭了一會兒,她覺得游泳在海裡好辛苦,怕自己沒做好,但在爸媽和陪考官的安撫下,一下子後又恢復了自信,因為考官說,你說你游的不好,但妳真的很會游,厲害耶!
Good Job Jessica!
我們真的很為妳感到無比的驕傲💪
接下來的旅程我相信會是很豐富和精彩的,妳一定會很享受陽光海岸帶給妳美好,而Nipper的環境,一定會添加更多美麗的色彩在妳的人生的,加油、加油,我的大寶貝,You are awesome ❤️
Max Murphy
Puffy Murphy
not qualified中文 在 Jay的跑步筆記 Facebook 的最佳解答
“You wrote a book? Who's going to read it?" When asked by the 3-time U.S. Olympic Team Trials qualifier, Caitlin, I was speechless for a moment.
I met Caitlin (well, she caught me on the trail) back in 2016 when I was running 2:45~2:50 marathons, making me an absolutely perfect training partner for her. She was way faster than I was during that time, and I literally learned the race "Olympic Trials" from her. If you listen to how she described the race, you almost think it's just another Boston Marathon.
"Yeah I ran it in 2012, and I qualified again." Caitlin called herself a sub-elite runner, making me wondering if I can call myself as a sub-sub-sub-elite?
Anyway, in 2019 she ran Boston with 2:40:27, making her 3rd qualifier in 8 years. After Boston I got to take a long rest because she also did the same, until 2020 Olympic Trials is around the corner.
"Hey Jay, you wanna run tomorrow?"
"Hey Jay, what's your workout next week?"
"Jay, you got to train with me!"
It's been 2 big training cycles for me in 2019, and I was way too tired to start anything soon. With the daily greeting from her, I can't do anything but reply "But I might be too slow for you now" - which is totally the truth. I was also sick and sidelined for 2 weeks.
Being able to put some really nice training in the past few weeks, I finally feel like I can take her challenge again, so say yes to her next workout. Little did I know during the time I was resting and recovering, she did not settle and now is almost at her peak state.
Today's 3*3 miles on slightly rolling I made several attempts to break through, but she all caught me with ease. When we finally finished the workout, I was pretty happy about it.
"How do you feel?" I asked.
"Not really trying too hard." She answered.
Now I am heading back to Taiwan for a short vacation. But once I come back, Caitlin will be there waiting, and probably planning for something brutal again.
-
「嘿!為什麼你出了一本書啊,誰在看?」面對下個月即將要第三度參加奧運選拔賽*,橫跨 12 年的業餘菁英女子選手凱特琳的質問,我一時語塞。
*美國的奧運選拔賽標準採取的是 2016 年的舊制,也就是女子 2:45, 男子 2:19 以內可以報名。對於她來說,參加的實質意義大於真正勝出(畢竟職業組的實力強上一個級別),不過也是難得可以跟全美的菁英較勁的機會。
我跟她相識早在 2016 年,就是那個我跑在 2:45-2:50 之間,看起來很適合陪她練的時期,當然,那時候她的實力是遠遠高出我一截的。我也是從她口中才得知,有「奧運選拔賽」這種事,而她敘述的態度,就跟一般人跑波士頓馬拉松一樣正常。
「喔對呀,我跑過。嗯,今年我也合格了。」她把自己稱為「#業餘次菁英」,這樣的人在美國拉拉雜雜也是有幾十、一百個。嗚,我突然間覺得把自己稱為次菁英有點過頭了,有沒有機會改成 #次次次菁英 呢?
總而言之,在 2019 年她在波士頓馬拉松跑出 2:40:27, 連續三屆橫跨 8 年達標。在那之後我得以好好休息了很長一段時間,直到⋯⋯2020 奧運選拔賽就在眼前了。
「Jay,你明天練什麼?」
「Jay,你下禮拜練什麼?」
「Jay,陪我練!」
去年經歷了兩個大週期,我真是累到爆,只想好好躺著。面對她連珠炮式的追問,我只好說「誒⋯⋯我怕我跟不上你」(事實上也是真的),不幸中的大幸是這段過程中我還真的病了一場,所以順理成章躺了兩週。
過了幾週的訓練、恢復,我覺得現在準備好可以開始訓練了,於是答應了她今天的 workout.⋯⋯卻忘了我在休息的時候,她可沒閒著。她 PEAK 了!
今天的 3*4800m 跑在起伏步道上,我幾次試圖加速都被她臉不紅氣不喘的抓回來。但是最後完成了整組 workout, 我實在太滿意了!
「你感覺怎麼樣?」我問。
「呃,沒太用力,輕鬆?」她說。
下個月底她即將前往亞特蘭大參加選拔賽,而我只慶幸我可以先回台灣喘個一週,雖然到時候迎接我的,一定是更強的她⋯⋯。
-
P.S. 這篇文是她逼我寫的 (by只敢用中文偷偷抱怨的Me)
P.S.S. 有沒有人想學英文作文了?
not qualified中文 在 402ashley Youtube 的最佳貼文
說到明洞美食, 令我最深刻的應該是這間餐廳。
一聽到餐廳名字已經很吸引, 因為我本身很喜歡吃紫菜包飯的!!
我選擇了三個
- 拼盤紫菜包飯 Assorted Savory Kimbap
- 芝士拉麵 Cheese Noodles
水餃 Stuffed dumpling Boiled
其實我覺得一個合格的紫菜包飯應該是夾起來時,都應該沒那麼容易鬆散的, 它應該包得很緊的。
所以我覺得在韓國吃這些紫菜包飯時, 暫時還未發現有一個鬆散的紫菜包飯
這個也是我覺得紫菜包飯最好吃的原因吧。
其實這間餐廳設有四種語言
分別是中文、英文、日文及韓文, 所以其實我們這些不太比懂韓語的人都不怕點錯食物吧!
========================
For the food in MyeongDong, there is a restaurant that I am very impressive.
It’s very attractive when I found the restaurant name because I love Kimbap very much!
Finally I chose thress cuisines
- 拼盤紫菜包飯 Assorted Savory Kimbap
- 芝士拉麵 Cheese Noodles
- 水餃 Stuffed dumpling Boiled
To be a qualified kimbap, it should be tight when I pick it up by chopsticks
Until now, I never find the kimbap which is loose in South Korea.
It maybe the reason why I love kimbap!
There are four language in this restaurant.
Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean. Even though we don’t understand Korean,
No need to afraid of taking the cuisine wrongly.
====================
contact:
email: sinming402@gmail.com
instagram: 402sinmingashley
facebook: 402sinming ashley
===========
♥人氣影片
北村八景 + 韓藝Café 嘉會翰耕軒 [慳遊首爾]
https://youtu.be/G9zGrudiqTU
=========================
**This is not a sponsored Video.
This video was created and edited by Ashley
Email: sinming402@gmail.com
=====================================
Video Info:
Music:
youtube audio library
1) Talk to me
2) happy boy ending
==================
Edited on Adobe Premiere Pro CC
Filmed from Imeizu 4