[關於反芻動物全身麻醉的風險，反芻動物中，全身麻醉的弊大於利。] 有興趣的朋友可以多了解一下喔! (中文翻譯的部分為Google翻譯的，能夠閱讀英文的朋友建議看原文會比較清楚喔)
還有很多很多相關的學術發表，就不貼那麼多出來啦!
Cooper結紮的日期是4月26日，他現在很健康很調皮。
(德叔真的超級超級愛看這些學術發表的文章，但是我還是相信醫生的專業。)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334673867_The_Use_of_Epidural_Anaesthesia_over_General_Anaesthesia_in_Ruminants
全身麻醉是現代醫學的重要組成部分。它是一種藥物誘導的可逆病症，包括特定的行為和生理特徵，包括無意識、健忘症、鎮痛和運動不能——伴隨自主神經、心血管、呼吸和體溫調節系統的穩定性。
[反芻動物全身麻醉具有內在風險，如瘤胃內容物反流、唾液分泌過多和肺部誤吸的可能性；因此並不總是推薦使用本地或區域技術。硬膜外麻醉是一種中樞神經阻滯技術，經常用於獸醫實踐中，用於治療家畜會陰、骶骨、腰椎和尾椎部位的不同產科和外科手術干擾。關於在反芻動物和其他物種的各種外科和實驗室程序中使用硬膜外麻醉的科學研究已經有幾項。總之，全身麻醉的弊大於利，特別是在反芻動物中。因此，硬膜外麻醉是首選。
General anaesthesia is an essential component of modern medicine. It is a drug induced reversible condition that includes specific behavioral and physiological traits unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and akinesia- with concomitant stability of the autonomic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems.
[General anesthesia in ruminants has inherent risks such as regurgitation of ruminal contents, excessive salivation and the possibility of pulmonary aspiration; therefore it is not always recommended and local or regional techniques may be used instead. Epidural anaesthesia is a central neuraxial block technique which is used regularly in veterinary practice for treatment of different obstetrical and surgical interferences in the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and caudal parts of the thoracic region of domestic animals. There have been several scientific researches on the use of epidural anesthesia in ruminants and other species for various surgical and laboratory procedures. In conclusion, the disadvantages of general anaesthesia outweigh the advantages especially in ruminant specie. Therefore, epidural anaesthesia is the most preferred.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118886700.ch1
瘤胃鼓脹、腹脹、反流和吸入性肺炎是與家畜全身麻醉相關的常見問題，應通過適當的預防措施和必要的麻醉前考慮來預見和解決。家畜在麻醉期間可能會出現胃內容物反流和誤吸，尤其是未禁食的動物。反芻動物在麻醉期間通常會大量分泌唾液。惡性高熱的觸發因素包括壓力（例如興奮、運輸或麻醉前處理）、鹵化吸入麻醉劑（例如氟烷、異氟烷、七氟烷和地氟烷）和去極化神經肌肉阻滯藥物（例如琥珀膽鹼）。同樣，氟烷似乎是豬惡性高熱的最有效和最常見的觸發因素。麻醉前禁食可能不能完全防止反流，但會減少瘤胃內容物中的固體物質數量。獸醫應將這些知識與適當的麻醉前準備和適當的圍手術期管理相結合，以確保這些動物的麻醉成功。
Ruminal tympany, bloat, regurgitation, and aspiration pneumonia are common problems associated with general anesthesia in farm animal species that should be anticipated and addressed with proper precautions and the necessary preanesthetic considerations. Regurgitation and aspiration of stomach content can occur in farm animal species during anesthesia, especially in nonfasted animals. Ruminants normally salivate profusely during anesthesia. The triggering agents of malignant hyperthermia include stress (e.g., excitement, transportation, or preanesthetic handling), halogenated inhalation anesthetics (e.g., halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane), and depolarizing neuro-muscular blocking drugs (e.g., succinylcholine). Similarly, halothane appears to be the most potent and most frequently reported trigger of malignant hyperthermia in pigs. Preanesthetic fasting may not completely prevent regurgitation, but it will decrease the amount of solid matter in the rumen content. Veterinarians should incorporate the knowledge with proper preanesthetic preparations and appropriate perioperative management to ensure successful outcome of anesthesia in these animals.
on the farm中文 在 Re: [請益] on/at the farm 到底哪個介係詞才對？ - 看板Eng-Class 的推薦與評價
我很驚訝，老師用這種方式給答案 ── 對與錯。
本來語言就存在許多灰色地帶，某幾種講法之間並沒有對與錯的區分，
只有「多人用與少人用」的差別。某些老師看待語言的態度還須再教育。
遇到這種母語優勢的主觀意識，我都很想請他們看看牛津辭典編輯
Sally Wehmeier 講過的一段話：
https://georgechen.idv.tw/wordpress/?p=17
針對這個問題來看，我查過底下幾本辭典：
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 8th edition
Macmillan English Dictionary, 2nd edition
Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 3rd edition
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 5th edition
....
最後還有 Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edntion
所有的證據都顯示 on a farm 或 on the farm 出現機率高過
at a farm 或 at the farm，三到四倍之多。
有記載到 at a farm 的只有 Oxford Collocations Dictionary, 2nd edition
其中所舉的例句如下：
The police are investigating a fire at a nearby farm.
Michael Swan 的 Practical English Usage, 3rd edition
87.1 這單元裡寫得很清楚：
Note these expressions:
當中就有一個 on a farm
以上淺見，提供參考。
※ 引述《iieman (阿姍)》之銘言：
: 是不是這樣解釋：
: on the farm ---> 在農場裡面、在田裡面
: at ---> 表地方，表示在某一個地方
: at my place 在我那
: at the farm 在那農場
: 即使是如此，我覺得兩者在這一句裡，語意上的差別還是很小
: Bob is going to be on/at the farm in October.
: 不知道版友們，有沒有其他的見解、指教
: Hector
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https://GeorgeChen.tw
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