關於 one pick意思 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

In vacation mode. A busy week for earnings, but I hope it will be a week for me to relax.

🌻CPI
"There are four main trends underlying the June inflation report. First are the items where prices fell sharply at the start of the pandemic and that are now returning to their pre-pandemic levels. Second are items where prices have temporarily risen above their pre-pandemic levels due to supply constraints and could come down. Third are items where prices are likely settling at a permanently higher level. And fourth are items where price increases have slowed rather than accelerated as a result of the pandemic, at least for now."

"Increases in owners’ equivalent rents—the Labor Department’s estimate of what homeowners would have to pay each month if they were renting their own home—also haven’t rebounded very far."

"Those prices could pick up in the months ahead, Ms. Bostjancic said, in part due to rapid increases in home prices. It takes about 18 months for a rise in real-estate prices to translate into stronger owners’ equivalent rents, she said.

“That’s one of those categories that needs to catch up following the worst of the pandemic,” she said.

That could add to inflation pressures in the coming months. Shelter costs represent almost a third of the basket of goods and services that the department looks at to calculate overall inflation."

Source: https://www.wsj.com/articles/inflation-hits-some-prices-more-than-others-11626187838

🌻附上本周發表財報公司一覽表.
上週的類股表現, 並不是很好(連大型股都在跌). 看看這周的財報結果會不會有幫助.

🌻針對餐飲業做了些研究. 筆記可在下兩個地方找到.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fhdoW1ah60klvwZGvejQ84WNz_EKgMAL_GZURDXsCo4/edit?usp=sharing

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KOheA9qkAFoC0swFaNZVmnDtwK_hEbXou32FSA4Lqfo/edit?usp=sharing

目前餐飲業的窘境: 餐飲業在各產業中, 薪資較低. 疫情後, 因有人怕被病毒傳染(因為餐飲業是與人高度接觸的行業之一), 或是轉往薪資較高的產業, 或是想找到生活上的平衡(因為餐飲業時間特殊), 或因為家中有幼孩需要照顧, 所以餐飲業人力資源在疫情後反彈的情況, 不若其他產業. 解法? Technology.

Pictures:
1. A Companion of Diana (1724) by Jean-Louise Lemonyne. National Art Gallery (in Washington D.C.)珍藏.
https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.1272.html
狄阿娜（拉丁語：Diana），羅馬神話中的月亮女神和狩獵女神，眾神之王朱庇特和溫柔的暗夜女神拉托娜的女兒，太陽神阿波羅的孿生姐妹。
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E7%8B%84%E9%98%BF%E5%A8%9C
2. 點外帶的時候, 看到這張速食店缺工造成不便的告示, 意思就是, 因為缺工, 加上食物都是現做, 難免比之前更慢了. 請不要因此而發脾氣. 很辛苦的餐飲人員.
3. From earningswhispers.com

用字遣詞的敏感度

快來看Presentality的最新英語寫作分析~

特別敏感的時刻，我們的用字遣詞也要特別小心。今天的「閱讀筆記」，我們來看前一陣子轟動矽谷的事件：知名軟體公司老闆在部落格的一篇 po 文，讓三分之一員工離職。他到底寫了什麼？

📌 總結幾個重點：

1. 在敏感時刻，用字跟語氣，甚至可能比內容還要重要。

2. 用簡短無修飾的句子，會顯得比較強硬，較長而且有修飾的句子，反而比較溫和。

3. 主詞非常，非常重要。你用的是 I, us vs them，還是 "we" and "our"?

如果以後你在情緒高漲的時刻寫文，也不妨寄給英文好而且中立的朋友，請他們評估文字所帶著的情緒，會很有幫助。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 前一陣子，Basecamp 事件震驚美國科技/新創圈。

Basecamp 是一家團隊協作軟體公司，創辦人 Jason Fried 跟 David Heinemeier Hansson 一直都很願意為自己的理想及理念說話。他們寫的 Rework 一書影響了非常多的人，我在台灣認識的好幾位創業家都曾經跟我分享這本書。

但他們四月底在部落格上公告 Basecamp 一系列政策改變之後，引來非常大的反彈。

我第一時間就有去他們的部落格看他們寫的文章，覺得文筆非常好，而且是用說道理的語氣，很 reasonable。但發布不久，公司超過30%的員工，決定離職，其中包括好幾位高階主管！

What happened? 那篇文章，很顯然觸發了一個危機。我回去再把文章看了一次，發現天啊... 那篇文章的語氣，根本沒有我第一次看感覺的溫和。

Changes at Basecamp: https://bit.ly/2SNN6Kr

很多魔鬼都藏在細節裡。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 主要的改變 = 工作時別討論政治或社會議題

讓大家最氣憤的政策改變，其實就只有一個：

No more societal and political discussions on our company Basecamp account.

在這個時空背景下，美國社會立場分歧這麼深，從左右派政治議題，到種族歧視問題，Basecamp 領導人大膽決定，禁止員工在公司內部的線上溝通頻道，討論社會及政治議題。

要去弄社會政治議題，可以，但請別在公司內。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 開頭還算溫和：說服大家把公司當產品看待

一開頭，Fried 就寫：

At Basecamp, we treat our company as a product. It's not a rigid thing that exists, it's a flexible, malleable idea that evolves. We aren't stuck with what we have, we can create what we want. Just as we improve products through iteration, we iterate on our company too.

Hmmm，為什麼要這樣開頭？為什麼要把「公司」跟「產品」劃上等號？

我們可以想像，Fried 肯定為了這篇文煩惱了一陣子。很多想法不斷的在他腦中盤旋，不同的開場，不同的句子...

但這個開頭，是一個很不錯的 framing：因為 Basecamp 的員工肯定很多 product fanatics - 就是最在乎產品好不好的 "builders"。Product lovers 的一個共同點，就是了解產品是會不斷改變的東西。如果說公司也是，就可以理解，公司也會改變。
然後，他非常小心的挑選最正面的說法。每一字每一句都是 product lovers 會認同的：

•flexible
•malleable
•evolve
•we can create what we want
•improve products
•iterate

用了一連串正面的同義字，就是要塑造 change = positive 的氣氛。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 連大改變，都用「改版」來形容

下一步，就是用一個大家理解的方式，來描述「非常大的改變」：

Recently, we've made some internal company changes, which, taken in total, collectively feel like a full version change. It deserves an announcement.

什麼是大的改變？就有點像「改版」的意思。而且注意到，他不是寫 "We're making a full version change" 喔，而是說："changes... taken in total, collectively feel like a full version change."
也就是說，在中間加了很多緩衝的字眼，淡化 "full version change"。

就像你如果要跟一個人說他是混蛋，哪一種說法比較直接：

The way you act sometimes, when people don't know you yet, can feel like you're a bit of an asshole. 或是 You're an asshole.

講完這個，他就要給大家打預防針了。

而且又是從「產品」開始：

In the product world, not all changes are enjoyed by all customers. Some changes are immediately appreciated. Some changes take time to steep, settle in, and get acquainted with. And to some, some changes never feel quite right — they may even be deal breakers.

哇噻，好幾劑預防針啊！

而且他用了三個意思差不多的字，鼓勵大家「耐心的習慣新的改變」：Some changes take time to steep, settle in, and get acquainted with。

Again 他的用字很細心。"Get acquainted with" 就好像跟我們說，

改變其實是我們的朋友，只要我們願意好好認識它。

但他們其實知道，有些改變是一些人完全，完全無法接受的。
所以才有最後一句："They may even be deal breakers"。
They totally knew what was coming...

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 溫和就到這裡... 語氣開始轉變

接下來，他選擇美國人非常愛用的寫法，就是引用一位大家尊敬的人的話，來幫自己助陣：

As Huxley offers in The Doors of Perception, "We live together, we act on, and react to, one another; but always and in all circumstances we are by ourselves. The martyrs go hand in hand into the arena; they are crucified alone. Embraced, the lovers desperately try to fuse their insulated ecstasies into a single self-transcendence; in vain. By its very nature every embodied spirit is doomed to suffer and enjoy in solitude."

這裡藏了點玄機。

如果他的目的是說服大家接受這些改變，那為什麼要引用這一段！？

讀起來，這段話反應了他的心情：在做困難決定時的「孤獨」。如果是這樣，那這段話的用途就是「療癒」而不是「說服」。

因為如果目的是說服，為何不引用某個你的員工/讀者都非常敬佩的人的故事，這個人做了一個不受歡迎，但大部分讀者都會認同是正確的決定？

個人猜測：他上面好話已經寫完了。真正的意涵是：We're going forward, alone if necessary。

而且，他們還把自己的決定，frame 成 navigating somewhere，同時把另一邊寫成 circling nowhere

We all want different somethings. Some slightly different, some substantially. Companies, however, must settle the collective difference, pick a point, and navigate towards somewhere, lest they get stuck circling nowhere.

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 語氣變的很硬：No More

然後他就開始寫改革本身。

如果把所有改變的第一句話看過去，會發現全部都是 "No more..." 開頭。這個硬到不行了。

完整文章: https://bit.ly/3wT6x3z

圖片出處: https://bit.ly/34wWkO5

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Presentality每天都在追蹤與分析跟英文溝通/寫作有關的文章，如果想要透過我們這些「閱讀筆記」一起學習，可在 FB 追蹤我們：https://www.facebook.com/presentality/

📌 Presentality系列文章:

1. 看貝佐斯致亞馬遜股東的最後一封信，學一些英文寫作小撇步
https://bit.ly/3xCN1cC

2. 英文演講實用的結構與技巧
https://bit.ly/2PHu3Ax

3. 在演講中的四種敘述角度
https://bit.ly/39tNUtv

4. 詩人Amanda Gorman的英文演講技巧
https://bit.ly/39sI3on

5. 從 Most Dangerous Place 文章，看經濟學人寫作邏輯
https://bit.ly/3htqJEs

6. 寫作的終極目標是「提供價值」
https://bit.ly/3yA3gYe

7. 看 Bloomberg學資深記者如何寫文章
https://bit.ly/3i3am1P

疫情持續，但學習不能中斷。

今天與同學分享Presentality最新的寫作技巧分析。

英文寫作絕對不只是將單字句型套用在模板上就好了。

用專業的寫作方法讓你的寫作有意義!

★★★★★★★★★★★★

最近疫情再次高升，駐台灣的Bloomberg 記者寫了一篇文章：

Complacency Let Covid Erode Taiwan’s Only Line of Defense

自滿讓 COVID 侵蝕了台灣唯一的防線

文章：https://bloom.bg/3ywfKA9

我們來看看Bloomberg寫的一篇好文章：

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 結構：當調查故事寫

這篇文章讀起來一點都不無聊，不只是因為它攸關我們的社會，也是因為他在結構上，就像一個偵探調查的故事：

1. Opening line: 戲劇性開場，不要無聊
2. Background: 然後再給簡短背景
3. Key moment: 影響後續發展最關鍵的事件
4. Outcome: 這個決定的後果
5. What to do: 國際專家建議應該怎麼做
6. But.....: 可惜，可能做不到
7. Details: 後面的部分，再進入細節

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 最好的開頭 = 簡短有力、抓住注意力、又可以做結論

我們先來看開頭三段：

All the virus had to do was get through the border.

Until this week, Taiwan’s Covid-19 containment appeared to be so effective that virtually no other defenses were put in place: few tests, no local surveillance to pick up undetected infection and close to zero vaccination.

Lauded as one of most successful places in the world at containment, a high level of complacency about the risks had set in among both the public and authorities. Covid-19 seemed to be something happening only in the outside world.

如果是我們認識大部分的人來寫，通常會從第二段開始。為什麼？因為總是要解釋背景嘛！而且任何人在研究這個議題，都會從背景開始教育自己，所以就不自覺的從背景寫起。

但他們不這麼做，反而以一個吸引人的方式開頭：
All the virus had to do was get through the border.

這個開頭有幾個優點：
•簡短一行，讓人不會看到一大坨字就不想要繼續看
•有故事性：好像病毒是一個入侵的敵人
•又是結論：怎麼會發生？一旦病毒溜進來了，就會發生

這種是非常理想的開頭：因為就算我沒有時間看剩下的，也會理解到文章的重點：邊境守的很嚴，但是裡面很鬆散。

第一句，下的太好了。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 給一點背景後，馬上提到關鍵一個決定

記者們解釋背景的篇幅，就只有三段。他們很快就鎖定關鍵的一個 (錯誤) 決定：

The virus’s opening was an ill-fated decision on April 15 to shorten quarantine for airline crew to just three days, as carriers struggled to operate their cargo lines with staff undergoing 14-day isolation periods. Infected pilots introduced a more transmissible U.K. variant, whose spread was then accelerated through a network of “hostess bars” -- places both staff and patrons were reluctant to be associated with, making contact tracing more difficult.

如果他們再花 1-2 段解釋背景，文章就會變得有點無聊，會流失讀者。

所以他們在這裡提到關鍵的失策。

📌 Note：寫作語氣相對正式

這幾位記者，也許是受 Bloomberg 整體風格影響，還算正式。

從哪邊看的出來呢？

The virus's opening was an ill-fated decision...

輕鬆口語化的文章，絕對不會用 "ill-fated" (ill 就是生病/不好嘛，fate 就是命運，所以就是「之後的命運不好」的一個決定。這是一個很不錯的字就是了。

另一個例子，看這句：

Infected pilots introduced a more transmissible U.K. variant, whose spread was then accelerated through a network of “hostess bars” -- places both staff and patrons were reluctant to be associated with, making contact tracing more difficult.

哇噻，尤其 "reluctant to be associated with"，好。。。委婉啊

怎麼樣寫的平易近人一點？

Infected pilots carried a more transmissible U.K. variant, which then spread quickly through a network of "hostess bars". This also made contact tracing harder — because staff and customers didn't want to admit that they worked at or visited these bars.

稍微長一點，但是用的字都比較直白簡單。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 強調嚴重性

這個失策跟破口，有多嚴重的後果？

Taiwan reported 267 new infections Wednesday, bringing the total over the past few days to 1,291 -- a small number in global terms but an astonishing one in a place that, before May 1, had posted just 1,132 cases during the entire pandemic.

The surge from zero to quadruple digits signals that undetected spread has been occurring for months, and concern is now growing that Taiwan will go the way of other cautionary tales, from the outbreak last year in Australia’s Victoria state that took a brutal three-month lockdown to quell, to Thailand’s ongoing surge driven by prison clusters.

"The surge from zero to quadruple"

這邊，寫的非常好，因為雖然不是真正的 rhyme，還是聽起來很近，所以有節奏感。

"Go the way of other cautionary tales" 又是一個文筆很好的寫法，就是「變得跟那些拿來警惕大家的故事一樣」的意思。

但是記得，別在聊天的時候用這些啊，對方會覺得你很奇怪。

這邊他們把最壞的可能性帶進來：就是台灣可能變得跟那些 cautionary tales 一樣。

這邊也讓讀者緊張起來。

但因為他們寫 "concern is now growing..."，又沒有說「誰的 concern」，所以應該要馬上帶具有可信度的 source 進來：

“If they have 300 diagnosed cases, they have 3,000 cases in the community -- they just don’t know it.” said Gregory Poland, a virologist and director of the Mayo Clinic’s Vaccine Research Group. “It’s going to require a hard lockdown, what’s called a circuit-breaker approach, and then getting the vaccine out as quickly as they can.”

這樣就比較有可信度了，也指出一個解決的可能性：lock down，然後疫苗。

但是...

★★★★★★★★★★★★

需要完整分析的同學請留言「看 Bloomberg學資深記者如何寫文章」。

我們每天都在看跟英文溝通/寫作有關的東西，如果想要透過這些「閱讀筆記」跟我們一起看，可在 FB 追蹤我們：https://www.facebook.com/presentality/

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Presentality系列文章:

📌 看貝佐斯致亞馬遜股東的最後一封信，學一些英文寫作小撇步
https://bit.ly/3xCN1cC

📌 英文演講實用的結構與技巧
https://bit.ly/2PHu3Ax

📌 在演講中的四種敘述角度
https://bit.ly/39tNUtv

📌 詩人Amanda Gorman的英文演講技巧
https://bit.ly/39sI3on

📌 從 Most Dangerous Place 文章，看經濟學人寫作邏輯
https://bit.ly/3htqJEs

📌 寫作的終極目標是「提供價值」
https://bit.ly/3yA3gYe