關於 regular migration ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

[翻轉視界12] 外籍移工的悲歌

你能想像一周七天每天工作17個小時以上嗎？

音檔： https://www.instagram.com/p/CH85KwdF3GJ/

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Can you imagine working over 17 hours a day, seven days a week? Thousands of foreign domestic workers in Taiwan do it every day, with some being on call 24 hours a day and performing household chores that are not a part of their jobs.

1. foreign domestic worker 外籍家庭傭工
2. on call 24 hours a day 一天24小時待命
3. perform household chores 做家務事

你能想像一周七天每天工作17個小時以上嗎？台灣每天都有成千上萬的外籍家庭傭工如此，其中一些人每天24小時待命，並且要做不屬於他們工作範圍的家務活。

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Foreign domestic workers in Taiwan do not have a weekly mandatory rest day, despite this being a global standard already enforced in Hong Kong and Singapore. According to statistics by the Ministry of Labor (MOL), 34.7 percent of foreign domestic workers did not receive any days off last year.

4. a mandatory rest day 法定休假日
5. day off 休息日
6. the Ministry of Labor 勞動部

台灣的外籍家庭傭工沒有每週的法定休假日，儘管在香港和新加坡已經實施的這項全球標準。根據勞動部（MOL）的統計，去年有34.7％的外籍家庭傭工沒有獲得任何休假日。

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The record is a strike against Taiwan’s achievements in human rights and freedoms for its own citizens, especially stark after the internationally-lauded legalization of same-sex marriage in May, 2019. Compounding the lack of rest days are the long work hours — an average of 17.72 hours a day, according to a separate study commissioned in 2012 by the Executive Yuan’s Research, Development and Evaluation Commission (now part of the National Development Council).

7. a strike against… 對…的打擊、重創
8. human rights and freedoms 人權和自由*
9. internationally-lauded (adj.) 獲國際讚譽的
10. the legalization of same-sex marriage 同性婚姻合法化
11. compound (v.) 使加重，使加劇，使惡化

該記錄是對台灣為自己的公民在人權和自由方面所取得的成就的重擊，特別是在2019年5月國際上稱讚的同性婚姻合法化之後。根據行政院研究，發展和評估委員會（現為國家發展委員會的一部分）在2012年委託進行的另一項研究，外籍移工平均每日工作時數為17.72小時，冗長的工作時數加劇了休息時間的缺乏。

*freedom: https://bit.ly/3nvyjhM

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The lack of rest and even basic privacy can cause mental and emotional strain to workers — effects that have already been reported to the government. A 2013 Control Yuan investigation into human rights issues faced by foreign domestic workers found that the lack of regular days off caused workers to fall into states of anxiety and stress in the long-term, and recommended that employers build “breathing time” for workers into their contracts.

12. basic privacy 基本隱私
13. mental and emotional strain 精神和情感壓力
14. Control Yuan 監察院
15. fall into states of anxiety and stress 陷入焦慮和壓力狀態
監察院

缺乏休息甚至基本隱私都會給工人帶來精神和情感壓力，這種影響已經被通報給政府。 2013年，行政院對外國家庭傭工所面臨的人權問題進行的調查發現，長期缺乏定期休假會導致工人陷入焦慮和壓力狀態，並建議雇主為工人在合同裡建立「透氣時間」。

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On average, foreign domestic workers earn a total monthly salary with overtime amounting to NT$19,927, according to the MOL. In contrast, the average monthly salary for a Taiwanese domestic helper or caretaker in the Taipei area ranges from NT$45,000 to NT$75,000, according to the China Long-term Care Association (中華長照協會).

16. monthly salary 月薪
17. overtime (n.) 加班費*
18. amount (v.) to 達到、總計
19. caretaker 看護人員

根據勞工部的數據，平均來說，外籍家庭傭工的月工資總額為新台幣19,927元。相比之下，根據中華長期照護協會的統計，台北地區的台籍家庭傭工或看護人員的平均月薪在45,000至75,000新台幣之間。

*overtime: https://bit.ly/36MbH60

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About 38 percent of foreign domestic workers in Taiwan have been verbally or physically abused by employers or household members, while less than half seek help, a survey conducted by the Garden of Hope Foundation found.

20. be verbally or physically abused 受到口頭或身體虐待
21. seek help 尋求幫助

希望花園基金會進行的一項調查發現，台灣大約38％的外籍家庭傭工受到雇主或家庭成員的口頭或身體虐待，而不到一半的人尋求幫助。

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About 250,000 migrants work in Taiwanese households, more than 240,000 as caregivers and 1,800 as maids. As shown by 35 percent of respondents, most victims do not seek help after being exploited, physically attacked or even sexually assaulted because they fear losing their job.

22. migrant 移民、移工*
23. caregiver 看護員
24. maid 女傭
25. respondent 受訪者
26. be exploited 被剝削
27. be physically attacked 被人身攻擊
28. be sexually assaulted 被性侵
29. lose one’s job 失去工作

約有25萬移工在台灣家戶裡工作，其中24萬為看護員，1,800為女傭。正如35％的受訪者所表明的，大多數受害者在遭受剝削、人身攻擊甚至性侵後都不會尋求幫助，因為他們擔心失去工作。

*emigration, immigration, migration 的區別: https://bit.ly/36YcP6v

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We need to provide better conditions and treatment for those who come thousands of miles to care for our elderly and the sick. It is the least we can do to thank them for their help.

30. provide better treatment 提供更好的待遇
31. the elderly and the sick 老人和病人
32. the least we can do 我們至少能做到

我們需要為來千里而來照顧我們老人和病人的外籍看護提供更好的條件和待遇。這至少是我們為感謝他們的幫助所該做的。

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資料來源:
https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=2281

http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2019/12/25/2003728138

http://taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/11/23/2003726340

https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2015/02/17/2003611746

https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah-53039490

延伸閱讀:

Why the case of a maid who battled a millionaire has gripped Singapore: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-54174598

Domestic slavery, Maid in Taiwan: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2015/02/17/2003611746

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翻轉視界: https://bit.ly/3fPvKUs

- Thu sang, lá vàng rơi đầy sân, ngõ vắng thâm trầm dịu êm.

Học cùng cô một số từ vựng và tham khảo bài viết về mùa thu nhé!

🎯 TỪ VỰNG MÙA THU:

– Autumnal equinox /ɔ:’tʌmnəl ‘i:kwinɔks/ Thu phân (*)
– Back-to-school /bæk tu sku:l/ nhập học, trở lại trường sau mùa hè
– Chestnut /’tʃesnʌt/ hạt dẻ
– County fair /’kaunti feə/ hội chợ
– Deciduous /di’sidjuəs/ sự rụng (lá)
– Festival /’festivəl/ ngày hội
– Flu /flu/ Influenza /influ’enzə/ bệnh cúm
– Foray /’fɔrei/ buổi đi hái nấm
– Harvest /’hɑ:vist/ vụ thu hoạch
– Harvest moon /’hɑ:vist mu:n/ trăng rằm gần Thu phân nhất
– Migration /mai’greiʃn/ sự di trú (chim)
– Open house /‘oupən haus/ ngày các trường đại học mở cửa cho phụ huynh, học sinh mới vào thăm quan
– Persimmons /pə:’simən/ quả hồng
– Picnic /’piknik/ đi chơi và ăn ngoài trời
– Pine cone /pain koun/ quả thông
– Pumpkin /’pʌmpki:n/ quả bí ngô
– Quilts /kwilt/ chăn đắp mùa thu
– Raking /reikiɳ/ cào lá rụng
– Fall rally /fɔ:l ‘ræli/ mít-ting, tụ họp mùa thu
– Recreation /,rekri’eiʃn/ vui chơi, giải trí
– Scarecrows /’skeəkrou/ bù nhìn
– Sleet /sli:t/ mưa tuyết (chỉ có ở mùa thu xứ lạnh)
– Snuggle /’snʌgl/ xích lại, kéo ai lại gần ôm
– Thanksgiving /’θæɳks,giviɳ/ Lễ Tạ ơn
– Trick or treat /trik ɔ: tri:t/ một phong tục của trẻ em vào đêm Halloween
– Wedding /’wediɳ/ đám cưới
– Woolen /’wulən/ áo len đan
(*) Thu Phân là Ngày Mặt Trời đi qua xích đạo, có ngày và đêm dài bằng nhau trên khắp Trái Đất, vào ngày 22, 23 hoặc 24 tháng chín dương lịch, ở bắc bán cầu được coi là giữa mùa thu; cũng là tên gọi một trong hai mươi bốn ngày tiết trong năm theo lịch cổ truyền của Trung Quốc.

🎯 BÀI VIẾT THAM KHẢO:

1. Autumn in Hanoi

" With me, autumn is the most beautiful season in Hanoi, when the climate is cool and dry but still sunny. Autumn in Hanoi begins when people can feel the smell of alstonia scholaris (that means milk flowers) in the streets at cool nights and it lasts from September to November before getting cold. People need to wear a light overcoat or a cardigan when go out. Hanoi in autumn is truly romantic and peaceful. You can see the many yellow and red leaf trees along the streets, the sky is bluer, and the water in many lakes of Hanoi is greener. It is also good time to enjoy the mid-autumn festival, one of the biggest festivals each year in Vietnam celebrated on the lunar August, 15th. Besides milk flowers with special smell, daisy is an autumn’s specific flower, along with Cốm (green rice flakes) – a specialty of Hanoi in this season."

2. Why Autumn Is the Best Season?

" Fall is my favorite season. All the leaves from the trees and plants change into multi-colored works of art and fall away. It creates bare, and vulnerable branches, revealing the true scenery underneath. It also represents a beautiful cycle of loss, regeneration and regrowth once the spring season comes around. The dead leaves and branches on the ground disintegrate and turn into part of the soil, which are used as seeds and fertilizer later once the cold welcomes the warmer weather. There are many reasons why I love fall and why I think it’s the best season, but here are just a few.

- The trees change color

In the southern part of the United States, all the seasons are very apparent. The spring season is very green, the summer is very hot, the winter very cold and the fall is full of magnificent colors. The maple trees are especially vibrant with colors of red, golden yellow and combinations of both. When I was younger we called them “tree stars” from the movie “Land Before Time” and to this day they are my favorite trees when the season changes. This season is perfect for taking beautiful scenic photos and spending time outdoors. Nothing can relax and rejuvenate more than enjoying nature and the surrounding scenery.

- The weather is perfect

With cooler temperatures rolling in, saying goodbye to summer and hello to fall is not a hard thing to do. It’s a great time to break out the jackets, coats, boots, scarves and hats in preparation for the change in season. It’s also the perfect time to start making hot cocoa, and lighting a fire in the fireplace. This season creates a sense of comfort, warmth and reflection. It’s a great time to go camping, fishing, go on a road trip or anything else where you can spend quality time with family and eat good food.

- It brings back memories

Fall was my mother’s favorite season, and every year when it rolls around it creates a flood of memories and reminds me of the beautiful person she was. She used to quote this poem from Dixie Willson, all the time, but even more so when the autumn was in full swing.

The Mist and All Poem
I like the fall,
The mist & all.
I like the night owl’s
Lonely call
And wailing sound
Of wind around.
I like the gray
November day,
And bare, dead boughs
That coldly sway
Against my pane.
I like the rain.
I like to sit
And laugh at it
And tend
My cozy fire a bit.
I like the fall
The mist and all.
author, Dixie Willson

It’s one of the many things I learned from her when I was young, that poems have a way of capturing your soul and uncovering a deeper connection within yourself. Her demeanor changed when the weather started getting cooler, she would spend more and more time outdoors. She had a sense of peace and thankfulness that I hope to convey to those around me.

- It’s full of family holidays

Autumn is one of the most packed holiday seasons. There’s the back to school rush, Halloween, Thanksgiving and of course Christmas. But it’s not just full of regular holidays, these are all very involved, family centered holidays. This is a season to be thankful, and to be surrounded by the people you love.

It’s a perfect time to change up your decorations, add orange, red and yellow colors and pull out the spice scented candles. To think over the past year, what you’ve been through, the memories you’ve made together and to look forward to a new and exciting year. Another reason I love the holidays is for the food. You generally won’t eat nearly as good during this season compared to the rest of the year. Autumn is not only the best time of year, out of all four seasons but it’s also the most scenic and beautiful if you love being outdoors. It’s all about family, food and creating memories."

- Nguồn bài và ảnh: Tổng hợp.