核電不敵再生能源,衰退已成定局
2017《世界核能產業現狀報告》說到,「報告已敲醒鐘,辯論已然結束。世界能源的優先選擇順序上,核電將被太陽和風力所取代。這並非夢想或推估,而已成為現實」。而根據2020《世界核能產業現狀報告》全球能源發展的整體趨勢呈現為再生能源持續有突破性發展,核電則不論在發電量增長、發電占比或是發電成本上,皆 #不敵再生能源。
以下我們整理了幾點核能不敵再生能源的事實:
✅ 均化成本:核電已比風、光貴將近4倍
根據金融諮詢和資產管理公司拉札德(Lazard)2019年的能源技術成本報告,太陽光電的均化成本(註1)從2010年每度電 0.359美元降至2019年0.041美元(USD/KWh),降幅89%;風電從每度電0.135美元降至0.04美元,降幅70%;核電成本十年來則上升了26%,從每度電0.123美元漲至0.155美元,已比風、光貴將近四倍。
✅ 投資金額:全球再生能源投資金額是核電的10倍
《2020世界核能產業現狀報告》(註2)指出,2019年全球挹注於再生能源上的總投資超過3000億美元,是核能發電投資的十倍之多。
✅ 就業人數:未來再生能源就業人口是核電的36倍
根據國際再生能源總署(IRENA)2018年的報告(註3),2016年全球再生能源就業人數已達到近1000萬人,核電為70萬,而在全球升溫於世紀末前控制在2度C的情境中,再生能源至2050年預估可創造2880萬個就業機會,核電為80萬。
✅ 平均建置期:核電比風跟光多花2倍時間
根據五位能源學者分析123個國家的數據後共同發表的報告《對照追求再生電力、核電國家間的減碳排放量差異》(註4),核電的平均前置期為 90 個月,風力和光電僅為 40 個月。因此在投資同樣金額之下,再生能源比易受延宕的核電更能迅速地減少碳排放。
✅ 碳排放量:核電碳排最高將達到再生能源的10至18倍
史丹福大學環境工程學系教授Mark Jacobson的研究報告指出(註5),將不同電力來源生命週期,包括採礦、燃料製造、電廠營運到後端除役與廢料處理過程之碳排都完整計入時,核電的碳排放量將高出再生能源10到18倍。另一個匯集分析了103份核電生命週期碳排的研究(註6)則指出,每度核電的平均碳排約為66克二氧化碳當量,相較之下太陽光電是32克二氧化碳當量、離岸風力則是9克二氧化碳當量。
Jacobson也指出另一個常被忽略的「機會成本碳排」,是指由於興建速度緩慢,需要耗費更多時間依賴化石燃料,因此相較其他更快速的電力選項會再增加額外的碳排。新建核電的機會成本碳排和風電相比,每度電為64至102克二氧化碳當量。
✅ 發電佔比:再生能源占比超越核電
非水力再生能源在2019年時貢獻了全球10.39%的發電量,首度超越核電的10.35%,其中核能發電的發電占比自1996年以來便持續下降,2019年只比前一年微幅成長0.2%。
✅ 裝置容量年成長:風和光是核電的65倍
根據《2020世界核能產業現狀報告》,全球非水力再生能源在2019年新增的裝置容量達到184GW,創下歷史新高,其中風力發電量新增59.2GW,年增率為13%;太陽光電新增了98GW發電量,年增率為24%,相較之下,核能發電的淨成長僅為2.4GW,年增率為3.7%,且有一半來自於中國。
✅ 國際能源總署的評估:再生能源減碳貢獻遠超過核電
國際能源總署(IEA)今年發布的「2050淨零:全球能源部門路徑圖」報告(註7)中指出,為了達到2050年淨零目標,再生能源在全球電力的占比需要達到將近90%,核電則不到10%。
種種對比顯示核電在現今社會已經是過時又危險的舊世紀產物,全世界都在減少核電(除了中國),台灣卻還有某群人在掙扎,不免讓人擔心是否墨守成規,不願接受世界趨勢。因此,我們邀請大家在12/18的全民公投第17案投下不同意票,讓台灣邁向更乾淨、更安全的家園。
#分手吧我們不核四
#核四公投17不同意
#12月18日公投讓我們大家ㄧ起對核四公投案投下不同意票
---
註1:均化成本(Levelized Cost of Energy)用來計算發電設備壽命週期內的平均發電成本,包括投資、運轉與維護、燃料及除役成本,是評估電力技術競爭力的基本指標。
註2:《2020世界核能產業現狀報告》”World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2020” https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/-World-Nuclear-Industry-Status-Report-2020-.html
註3:國際再生能源總署(IRENA)- " Global Energy Transformation: A Roadmap to 2050 "
https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/Apr/IRENA_Report_GET_2018.pdf
註4:《對照追求再生電力、核電國家間的減碳排放量差異》(Differences in carbon emissions reduction between countries pursuing renewable electricity versus nuclear power)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344482658_differences_in_carbon_emissions_reduction_between_countries_pursuing_renewable_electricity_versus_nuclear_power
註5:”Evaluation of Nuclear Power as a Proposed Solution to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security” https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/NuclearVsWWS.pdf
註6:"Energy Balance of Nuclear Power Generation" https://www.energyagency.at/fileadmin/dam/pdf/publikationen/berichteBroschueren/Endbericht_LCA_Nuklearindustrie-engl.pdf
註7:"Net Zero by 2050 - A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector" https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/beceb956-0dcf-4d73-89fe-1310e3046d68/NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector_CORR.pdf
♡
同時也有1381部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過14萬的網紅SARAH & JASON,也在其Youtube影片中提到,The thumbnail might seem rather dramatic, the title you might think it's click bait but the situation in Hong Kong has become very serious The epidem...
sector industry 在 Facebook 的最讚貼文
🐘 If it’s the ONE THING you do today, make a pledge to NEVER ride an elephant or buy ivory again. Please. 🙏🏻
Speaking at the Counter Wildlife Trafficking Partnership Forum this morning on what one person can really do in terms of inspiring change, maximizing reach, mobilizing support, and sustaining movements in order to tackle wildlife trafficking and preserve our environment.
Extremely honoured to share the panel with Venerable Maha Sompong Talaputto, Buddhist Dharma Teacher, Justice Michael Wilson from the Hawaii Supreme Court, Le Thi Thu Thuy from the Vietnam chamber of commerce and industry, and John Roberts, Conservation Director of Minor Hotel Group.
✨ Main takeaways ✨
- influencers, celebrities and content creators have power to influence and inspire change through their platforms and personal choices by making responsible choices and leading by example.
- religious leaders can be powerful influencers to dispel myths that wild animal parts have magical or spiritual powers.
- businesses and tourism sector can do more to promote sustainable activities and environmentally friendly holidays for the public in order to raise awareness and promote conservation efforts.
- the rule of law is still a powerful vehicular for change and should be used more effectively in order to bring about climate justice and action.
- real and decisive action needs a collaborative effort from all sectors, private, public and government.
*Don’t limit yourself to a label or put yourself in a box before you take action. Everyone has the power to make a difference.
USAID - US Agency for International Development ASEAN WWF United Nations Development Programme - UNDP
#counterwildlifetrafficking #wildlifetrafficking #elephantconservation #beautifulwithoutivory
sector industry 在 Facebook 的精選貼文
𝗡𝗘𝗫𝗫𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝘅 𝗖𝘆𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁: 𝗔𝗿𝘁 𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀
Tomorrow @therealkavemura and I are going to talk about 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐓𝐨𝐤𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 hosted by 𝐑𝐚𝐲𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐧 (𝐀𝐥𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧), please join us at @cyberporthkofficial or watch the livestream at their Facebook page at 6-7pm!
Organized by NEXXCREATE, the “Art x Tech - Master Series” hybrid event will be hosted at Cyberport on three consecutive Thursday evenings, beginning on September 9.
To foster exchanges between the innovation and technology sector and the arts and culture sector, Cyberport will host the "Tech x Arts - Masters Series" livestreamed sharing sessions, inviting local artists from multiple industries including the music industry, visual effects, etc. are invited to exchange ideas with Cyberport community start-ups Paititi, Alphabrain and Syzygy on how to integrate technology such as virtual reality (VR), hologram and more into artworks.
Register Now: https://forms.gle/KKrT5WutEdmyBnAs8
#Cyberport #CyberportCommunity #ArtTech #SmartLiving #SmartCity
#Yuen_Yuen #Yuen圓圓Yuen #DJMissyellow #MissYellow #Kavemura
sector industry 在 SARAH & JASON Youtube 的最佳貼文
The thumbnail might seem rather dramatic, the title you might think it's click bait but the situation in Hong Kong has become very serious
The epidemic in Hong Kong has barely stabilised for a month
And now things have gotten a lot worse, A LOT WORSE
We always talk about staying positive, and we still are
But we really need to stay disciplined and stay home if possible
There are 100+ cases every day and it's been like that for the last week or so
A lot of the cases have been linked to restaurants and cafes
So it would be wise to not eat out
We often get asked if the pandemic has affected our work
The entertainment industry, the TV Industry is no different to any other sector in the economy
Staying home makes filming of any sort almost impossible
But what's most important is protecting our family, protecting ourselves and then in turn protecting everyone else
Please take care everyone, stay home, stay safe, stay healthy ❤️
00:00 Start
00:10 COVID-19 update
01:13 Diet Menu
02:00 Damon's DR trip
03:29 Damon won't wear a MASK
04:49 Chicken Breast Dinner
06:00 Pregnant mummy EXERCiSE
Sarah's Instagram
https://www.instagram.com/rahrahsong/
Jason's Instagram
https://www.instagram.com/chanjason_/
#StayHome
#StayCalm #StayPositive
#StaySafe #StayHealthy
#LookAfterYourself #LookAfterEachOther
#KeepUpTheHardWork
#SarahAndJason #SarahSong #JasonChan
sector industry 在 Daphne Iking Youtube 的最佳貼文
2020 was to be the big year for Malaysia's tourism sector. Hotels and airlines were expecting millions of guests BUT what came instead was a virus. And with it, the worst crisis Malaysia's tourism industry has ever faced.
This year, tourism was supposed to boom like never before. Worldwide, the advertising drive for the big campaign "Visit Malaysia 2020" was set in motion. We were expecting around 30 million tourists and supposedly revenues of a solid €20 billion euros ($21.5 billion).
However, the COVID-19 pandemic has put a damper on all of this, particularly affecting more than 3.5 million people working in the tourism industry.
Retail too was hit hard.
As the coronavirus continues to spread around the world, there has been significant impacts to consumer behaviour and product demand..not forgetting , retail store, factory, and logistics services availability.
Scary but true, now everyone is finding ways to recover, sustain and to rebuild whatever they can financially and economically.
Today, I speak to friends Richard Swann , Platinum PADI Course Director and Managing Director of Dive Downbelow PADI 5 Star IDC Dive Centre and Muhammad Faisal Daud aka Moe Faisal Marketing Manager of Rip Curl Malaysia to share more about conserving whatever resources they have in moving forward in business and their plans diving into the #NewNorm.
Websites/links mentioned on the show:
https://www.downbelowadventures.com/
https://adventuresinborneo.com/
https://www.ripcurl.my/
GoFund : https://gf.me/u/ydrzff
Forbes article:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelleevans1/2020/05/19/7-predictions-for-how-covid-19-will-change-retail-in-the-future/#4f385ac15be3Thanks for watching and please do not forget to subscribe!
Also follow me on my other social media channels:
Instagram
https://www.instagram.com/daphneiking/
Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/daphneiking/
Twitter
https://twitter.com/DaphCLPT
If you also need my profile and showreel, please visit:
joelebosi.wix.com/bedifulstory
Thanks for watching and please do not forget to subscribe!
Also follow me on my other social media channels:
Instagram
https://www.instagram.com/daphneiking/
Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/daphneiking/
Twitter
https://twitter.com/DaphCLPT
If you also need my profile and showreel, please visit:
joelebosi.wix.com/bedifulstory
sector industry 在 やわらか宇宙研究所 Youtube 的精選貼文
【コメ有り動画リスト】http://urx.red/UMpx
【コメ無しVer】https://youtu.be/6Okk8I-PIvc
【比較リンク Game comparison link】http://goo.gl/PgDGy8
【ゲームまとめ動画リスト】http://goo.gl/eQDBwk
【チャンネルTOP】http://goo.gl/2bD2N9
【動画リストまとめ】https://goo.gl/Z9WrL4
長年作ろうと思ってたけどなかなか作れなかった
PSとSSの両機種で発売されたゲームの比較です。
詳細は下記URLからご覧下さい。
http://goo.gl/5M8BR0
2013年09月05日 19:21 投稿
再生:75,826 コメ:844 マイ:222
#SegaSaturn #PS1 #Comparison