《台灣的「立陶宛時刻」是否即將來臨?》
1991年2月4日,紐約時報刊了一篇讀者投書,標題是 “Iceland Puts the West to Shame on Baltics” (在波羅的海,冰島讓西方國家感到羞赧)。
投書第一段很感人,寫著:
Square miles do not measure the greatness of a nation. Integrity does. And in granting formal diplomatic recognition to besieged Lithuania, tiny Iceland has become a giant.
(平方英里無法衡量一個國家的偉大,正直卻能。當給予備受威脅的立陶宛外交承認時,小小的冰島成為了巨人。)
立陶宛在1990年宣布成為第一個脫離蘇聯獨立的國家,冰島在1991年年初成為第一個承認立陶宛的國家,這個「冰島時刻」(Iceland moment)對立陶宛而言至臻重要。對抗極權壓力,不願姑息,冰島展現令全世界敬佩的勇氣。可以這麼說,沒有「冰島時刻」,90年代的國際政局會如何發展,或有變數。
台灣會迎接屬於我們的立陶宛時刻(Lithuania moment)嗎?
***
立陶宛跟中國之間針對台灣設處的這波外交駁火,相當罕見地由歐盟會員國政府親上火線。歐盟國家在過去針對台灣議題,過去多由國會部門(包括各國國會及歐洲議會)通過挺台或友台決議案。這次在立陶宛,除了國會議員之外,我們看到的是立陶宛總統跟立國外交部的強力表態。
理解這個細微層次的差異,是台灣外交工作的重點。無論是在美國還是歐洲,一般而言國會議員代表民意,對於民主及人權價值向來勇於發聲,對台灣的國際處境也較能體諒。相較之下,各國行政部門受限於地緣政治、軍事安全及經貿等各層面因素,往往發言時談到台灣議題會趨於保守。
立陶宛政府決定跟台灣政府相互設處,而且讓台灣駐立國代表處使用Taiwanese這個名稱,這個政治決定背後的勇氣來源是什麼?是單純愛台?或是現實利益考量?而中國為何反應如此激烈?要回答上述問題,我們得先將白俄羅斯因素帶進來。
立陶宛全國當前最重要的國安議題,並不是台灣,而是來自鄰國白俄羅斯的大批非法或非常規移民,據說人數超過四千名。歐盟執委會在日前剛宣布將提供立陶宛高達3670萬歐元緊急援助,作為立陶宛與白俄羅斯邊境的移民居留相關設施用途。
立陶宛對於白俄羅斯刻意讓大批非法移民來到立國感到不滿,而白俄羅斯的背後影武者即是中國。
中國近年來大力拉攏與白俄羅斯獨裁者盧卡申科已是不爭事實,盧卡申科掌權27年,面對國內大規模抗爭仍不願下台。就在今年五月份,發生了震驚歐盟的劫機事件。一架自雅典起飛原訂降落在立陶宛首都Vilnius的Ryanair班機,竟然離奇掉頭改降落在白俄羅斯首府明斯克,接著一名白俄反對派記者Roman Protasevich在眾目睽睽之下遭到警方逮捕。Ryanair執行長稱這是由國家搞出來的劫機行為。
立陶宛政府對中國政府的戒心,除了體現在對白俄羅斯之外,另外還有加拿大。
同樣是在這幾天,中國宣佈了兩起有關外國人士在中國遭到判刑的新聞,苦主是加拿大。
首先是中國遼寧省高級法院針對加拿大籍被告Robert Schellenberg毒品走私案維持原死刑宣判。向來支持廢死的歐盟外交事務發言人Nablia Massrali對此表達反對,並呼籲中國法院從寬量刑。
另一起事件是遼寧省丹東市中級人民法院宣判加拿大籍Michael Spavor因為間諜罪判處有期徒刑11年。這起所謂「兩個Michael」事件始自2018年,當時咸被認為是中國政府對華為公主孟晚州的人質外交報復。另一位Michael Kovrig預料也將在近期宣判。
有趣的是,上述這兩起事件,立陶宛都在社群媒體上大力聲援加拿大政府。
簡言之,要觀察立陶宛近來對台灣的支持或友善態度,必須將白俄羅斯及加拿大這兩個國家也拉進來看,才能更準確理解立陶宛抗中的外交脈絡及縱深,而絕不是僅呼口號地一味說立陶宛挺台愛台那般淺層。
回到這次風波,對中國及立陶宛來說,下一步會怎麼走?外交是按照劇本走的,發動第一步時得想到後面三個步驟,否則難免讓自己難堪或自曝其短。
中國政府一開始的要求是:「召回中國駐立陶宛大使」及「立陶宛召回駐中國大使」。
中國駐立陶宛大使的確被召回了,但立陶宛駐中國大使因隔離21天因素,人仍然在中國境內。這個隔離期間,恰巧成為中國及立陶宛兩國的外交斡旋空間。
有三點必須特別指出。
第一,中國並未宣布立陶宛駐中國大使為「不受歡迎人物」(persona non grata),某個程度上是預留空間,也保持了彈性。中國政府此舉翻成白話的意思是,「我給你立陶宛政府一點顏面,這位大使自己走吧,不要讓我趕你出門」。
第二,立陶宛外交部長Gabrielius Landsbergis在週三表示,立陶宛會努力讓這位已經離境的中國大使返回立陶宛。Landsbergis言下之意是,「場面不需要搞這麼難看吧!如果中國駐立陶宛大使可以返回立國,那立國駐中大使也不用離境了」。
第三,立陶宛外交部在週二的官方聲明中寫著:立陶宛會依照中國的「一中原則」。這句話暗藏伏筆,算是一種隱性的橄欖枝。一般而言,美國及歐盟有「一中政策」,並不會用「一中原則」這個詞彙,因為「一中原則」是中國政府所使用。立陶宛外交部用了「一中原則」,我們無從得知是否為筆誤,但背後訊息是安撫中國。(備註:立陶宛外交部網頁上新聞稿已將「一中原則」改為「一中政策」)
我們非常期待台灣的「立陶宛時刻」能早日出現。中國忌憚的是,如果不強硬處理立陶宛事件,恐怕立陶宛會引發後續的骨牌效應,造成中國的外交危機。
未來台灣如果順利在立陶宛設處,首要之務是強化雙邊的經貿合作。不要忘記,立陶宛在今年退出以中國為首的17+1,主要理由即是立國認為「加入17+1後,立國對中國的貿易逆差持續顯著,顯示加入後效益不高」。台灣必須在經貿層面擴大與立國的合作,否則難以說服立國國內政要持續友台。
立陶宛事件會如何落幕,端看雙方如何下台階,目前各種可能選項包括:
維持原案,中國低頭,雙方互不派大使。
台灣駐立陶宛代表處名稱被迫不能使用Taiwanese一詞,改為Taipei。我國在歐洲許多館處名稱目前的確使用Taipei。中國與立陶宛維持互派大使。
中國與立陶宛斷交。
台灣與立陶宛建交。
以上只是列舉一些可能劇本,究竟後續會如何發展,讓我們繼續看下去。
(本文刊於The News Lens 關鍵評論網 )
tiny11安全嗎 在 蘇浩 Anthony So Facebook 的最讚貼文
網上又有「藍能否變黃」的第N回討論。其實當然有成功例子啦。
被催淚彈殻射到爆缸仍記掛著翌日能否帶女友和未來外母去旅行。這是個可歌可泣的愛情故事。
Crowdfunding for the project《Wounds of Hong Kong 港傷》https://bit.ly/2WuNqw2
-----
*for English please scroll down
雄仔(化名) 護士 31歲
2019年11月8日深夜,雄仔與女朋友路過旺角惠豐中心,遇上市民與防暴警對峙。他倆看見警察有異動,正想離開現場,但警方已開始發射催淚彈。彈殻擦過雄仔的頭部,即時血流如注,留下3cm的縫針疤痕。
「講起就激氣(光火),在前線受傷我反而開心。」當時旺角街頭有防暴警察列陣,市民向他們叫罵,「都係『撚狗』(調侃警察)。」然而「撚狗」會令警察暴怒,繼而報復,「現在他們把催淚彈當子彈用啦。」雄仔褂彩,同為護士的女朋友嚇得哭了,但他仍然冷靜,心想:「仆街了(靠)!明天還能飛嗎?」
因為參與抗爭,加上工時長,雄仔自6月以來都沒有好好陪伴女朋友,「她也是黃絲,覺得不應該拿這些事來詐型(發難),藏在心裏,但你會感受到她的不滿。」計劃已久的小旅行算是補償,還要帶著未來外母同遊,「始終是女孩,需要陪伴、關心,要有拍拖活動。」他去醫院縫針後,翌日按計劃出發。
雄仔的女友和家人知道他有上街遊行,卻不知道他是「家長」,助養了9名只有10幾歲的「子女」。8月18日的大型遊行,他到達終點後轉入夏愨道,看看有何事發生,「有人呼召社工,有個小朋友在哭、嚷著要自殺,因為屋企是藍絲。我想,我應該可以幫忙。」雄仔就此成為「家長」。子女又介紹其他子女,漸漸膝下承歡。
除了提供情緒支援,雄仔也為子女提供零用錢,「『文具』 好貴,我常叫他們以安全為先,有事就棄裝,再買過。」「仔女都好生性。要把塞錢偷偷攝入gear(抗爭裝備),怕他們不肯要。」「文具」就是防毒面具和濾罐,每套大約1000港元,「我有工作,可以撐住,只是花了積蓄,對不起女友啦。」至今他已花了6、7萬元在子女身上,「她知道我花了1000元都肉赤到死(心疼得要死),怎敢跟她說?」
需要接濟的少年很多來自建制家庭,因為政見而被斷糧草、甚至斷六親。 若雄仔晚生十幾年,他很可能是其中之一,「我爸是紅底。自細他就跟我說票投民建聯(親北京政黨),不然就脫離父子關係。」2016年立法會新界東補選,他仍是投民建聯的周浩鼎,2014年雨傘運動當然沒有參與,「之前的抗爭關於政制,可能我未感受到對人生自由有重大威脅。實行雙普選需要時間,香港社會始終未成熟。」直到政府強推《逃犯條例》修訂,他才感到刀刃在脖子上,「明明是一國兩制, 可以引渡逃犯,就會造成破窗。事事都要跟大陸接軌,要引入計分制(社會信用評分制度)嗎?」怕中港區隔蕩然無存。
在2019年11月的區議會選舉,雄仔首次「倒戈」,「大氣候是分顏色(政治立場)投票。我也不相信泛民主派,不信有救世主,但我就是要建制派輸。雖然我仍然覺以地區事務而言,建制派做到的比反對派多。」因為官僚樂於賣人情予建制派。雄仔有個親戚曾購買私煙,遇著海關放蛇,因為數量頗多,有轉售的嫌疑,房屋署以從事非法勾當為理由,想收回他的公屋單位。後來由建制派區議員出面求情,才得以過關,「如果找泛民議員幫手,房署不會給他面子。」
雄仔與家人住在狹小的公屋單位,因為要收藏大量「文具」,近月已搬到朋友家中。他與女友關係穩定,卻未想過同居,「租金貴,如果可以搬出來,就可以結婚啦。」「我女友很依賴、很需要照顧。待這件事(抗爭)完結再談吧,不然應付不了。她去旅行連目的地都不知道,帶行李去機場就是了。我計劃好行程,她便跟著我走。」
----
Hung(alias) 31 years old Nurse
In the middle of the night of November 8th, 2019, Hung and his girlfriend passed by Wai Fung Plaza in Mongkok and stumbled upon a confrontation between citizens and the riot police. The police fired tear gas bombs when the two started to leave. Hung was hit by a bullet case on his head, leaving a three-centimeter long scar.
“I get so mad every time I talk about this incident. It would have been worthwhile if I was injured at the frontline in a protest,” said Hung. At the time, there were riot police on the streets of Mong Kok. The public was yelling and having arguments with them. That made the police angry, so they retaliated. “Nowadays, the riot police use tear gas bombs as bullets,” said Hung. Hung’s girlfriend, a nurse, was crying from fear when he was hit. However, Hung was calm, only worrying about if he would need to cancel their trip for the day after.
Because of his participation in protests and long working hours, Hung hadn’t spent much time with his girlfriend since June. “She is also a pro-democracy supporter so she understands and never complains, but I knew she was upset about me not spending enough time with her. The get-away trip we had planned was considered to be ‘compensation’ for her. We were also taking my future mother-in-law with us. As a girl, I understand she wants company, care, and time from her boyfriend,” said Hung. After getting stitches at the hospital for his wound, Hung went on the trip.
Hung’s girlfriend and his family know that he participates in protests, but they don’t know he is also a “parent” who helps “raise” 9 teenagers. On the protest on August 18th, he was at Harcourt Road after the end of the protest. He heard someone calling for a social worker. A kid was crying and saying he wanted to commit suicide because his parents are pro-establishment supporters. Hung thought he could do something to help. That’s how he became a “parent” and ended up helping more kids.
In addition to providing emotional support, Hung also helps them financially by giving them money. “ ‘Stationery’ is expensive. I always remind them that safety is the first priority. They should leave their gear behind if they need to run. They can always repurchase their gear. These are good kids, and they don’t always accept my offers, so I need to secretly hide money into their gear for them,” said Hung. The ‘stationery’ is actually protective gear like gas masks and filter canisters. Each set costs approximately HK$1,000. “I have a job, so I can afford them. I spent my savings, so it made me feel bad for my girlfriend, as I didn’t tell her exactly how much I had spent on the kids,” said Hung. Until now, Hung had already spent over HK$60,000 to HK$70,000.
Most of the kids Hung helps are from pro-establishment families. Having different political views, these kids don’t get support from their families and are left with no money and no place to stay. Hung thinks if he were born ten years later, he could have been one of these kids. “My father is an extreme Beijing-backed establishment supporter. He has told me to vote for Democratic Alliance for the Betterment (DAB), a pro-Beijing party since I was a kid. Otherwise, he would disown me,” said Hung. Up until the 2016 New Territories East by-election in the Legislative Council, he still voted for DAB’s Chow Ho-ding, Holden. Of course, he didn’t participate in the Umbrella Movement in 2014. He said the previous protests were about the political system, so he might not have felt a major threat to his freedom then. “It took time to implement universal suffrage, and Hong Kong wasn’t ready.” It wasn’t until the government forced the revision of the “Fugitive Offenders Ordinance” that he finally realized, “If the one country two systems could extradite the fugitives, this change would become a breaking point, with everything in line with the mainland China.”
In the November 2019 District Council election, it was Hung’s first time he didn’t vote for the DAB, “Voters voted based on their political stance. I don’t believe the pan-democrats but I don’t want the pro-establishment parties to win either. Although I still feel that in terms of local affairs, the pro-establishment parties had done more,” said Hung, since the bureaucrats are willing to give favors to the pro-establishment parties. For example, a relative of Hung was caught buying illegal cigarettes, he was suspected of reselling them. The Housing Department wanted to take back his public housing unit on the grounds of engaging in illegal activities. Later, it was the district councilor of the pro-establishment party that helped resolve the issue.
Hung and his family live in a tiny public housing unit, which doesn’t allow him to keep all the ‘stationery’ there, so he moved in with his friend. But he never thought about moving in with his girlfriend. “Rent is expensive. If we could afford to move out, we would get married. She is very dependent and needs to be taken care of. We will wait and talk about marriage later until the civil rights protests are over,” said Hung.
攝 photo:高仲明 Ko Chung Ming
文 text:蔡慧敏 Choi Wai Man
譯 translate:Joanna Ng
tiny11安全嗎 在 現在的Windows是不是太臃腫了 的推薦與評價
這幾天看到Tiny11這個精簡安裝包,刪除了Windows 11上許多非必要的元件,讓Windows 11可以流暢地在2GB RAM、8GB ROM上運行,而且許多安全性功能跟Windows ... ... <看更多>
tiny11安全嗎 在 但沒完全精簡。Tiny 11 22H2 系統開箱體驗 - YouTube 的推薦與評價
看完這些設定,你願意升級Win11了嗎? 分享家-羽•47K views · 9:18. Go to channel · Windows 11 最新虚拟机版震撼发布!完全免费,基于“Moment 3”功能 ... ... <看更多>
tiny11安全嗎 在 Re: [心得] Windows 11 測試版- 看板PC_Shopping 的推薦與評價
https://tinyurl.com/2p9uh8ye
微軟在今天釋出Build 22616。目前Dev和Beta更新後都還是會顯示22H2。所以目前都還是
22H2的RTM版本。但微軟已經預告Dev和Beta即將不會同步版本
在22616中,隱藏通知列圖示又重新加回來。微軟表示此舉是將原本在22581中引入的功能
關閉(在22581中是把隱藏通知列圖示關閉)
目前22561的通知列是與目前穩定版的一致,也可以變更排列。微軟表示是希望在收集更
多使用者的意見後再重新調整於Dev通道進行測試
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-Ki0P7bF9I
在22557中,微軟表示將開始在Windows 11 Pro的初始化(OOBE)階段強制連網以及登入微軟
帳戶,此項措施在22616後開始正式實施。但目前僅限於選擇個人使用,如果是選擇連線
至公司或是學校(AD網域)的話一樣可以選擇建立離線帳戶
--
作者 mindstack31 (mindmind) 看板 PC_Shopping
標題 Re: [情報] AMD Threadripper NDA解禁
時間 Thu Aug 10 21:33:16 2017
───────────────────────────────────────
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 111.251.40.85 (臺灣)
※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/PC_Shopping/M.1651810399.A.9E4.html
... <看更多>