【國立臺灣大學 109學年度畢業典禮 貴賓致詞】
Commencement Address, National Taiwan University Commencement 2021
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巨大集團 羅祥安前執行長
Giant Group Former CEO Anthony Lo
管校長,羅副校長,各位貴賓,畢業生的家長跟朋友們,還有今天最重要的2021年臺大的畢業生,大家早安、大家好!
首先恭喜你們,今天從全世界最優秀大學之一的臺灣大學畢業了!
在過去幾年,在管校長,以「大學教改」和「國際化」的理念,率領全體師生的努力之下,臺大在全世界的能見度,和各項排名,都有顯著的進步,也讓身為校友的我們倍感光榮。
是不是我們大家一起鼓掌,給自己鼓勵一下好不好!
你們今天剛剛畢業,但是你們已經創造了臺大一項新的紀錄:第一次,沒有傳統畢業典禮的畢業生。這將是你們人生一個非常特別的回憶,也預表了你們未來將會有與眾不同的表現,和非凡的成就。
現在的世界,局勢是在東方跟西方的勢力,彼此對抗而動盪不安。而全世界的經濟活動,也因為科技的突破性創新,而受到很大的影響。不盡理想的、不盡公平的全球化,也將逐漸地變成 全球在地化。而COVID-19肆虐全球的結果,使得臺灣跟全世界,大家的生活型態、社會的結構、經濟活動的節奏都被打亂了,而必須要加以全面的整理跟重新的架構。這當然是一個危機,但是更是一個絕好的機會。所以,將你們迎面而來的,是無數的創新的機會,以及冒險卻令人興奮的全新挑戰。
因為臺灣,這是第一次跟全世界各個國家,同步的站在一個嶄新的共同起跑點上面。所以我要恭喜你們,你們躬逢其會,將要進入一個充滿希望、嶄新的時代。
我是1969年從臺大畢業的,所以我想今天就以我畢業之後的50多年,人生的一些學習和體會,來跟諸位分享,給諸位作個參考。
當我大學畢業的時候,我滿懷抱負,迫不及待地想要大展身手,我當時進入臺灣最大的貿易公司工作,但是我發現我所學的很多東西,只有一些國際貿易的實務跟英文有用,至於其他我所學習到的經營管理的很多知識,恐怕都要等到10年、20年之後,如果我有幸當上高級主管才能派上用場。
更諷刺的是,我是商學系畢業的,但是工作兩年後,我發現我真的不喜歡做商人,我也不喜歡做生意,我有興趣的是做事業。
後來,幸好我有聆聽我心裡面的微弱的聲音,決定踏進自行車業,放棄掉台北最好的貿易公司的金飯碗,而去參加在大甲一個只有38個人的小公司,來追求我的夢想。
那時候許多人認為我腦筋有問題,頭殼壞去,但現在回顧回來,我當時是做了人生一個非常好的決定。
創業的過程飽受艱辛,但是我也學到了很多寶貴的經驗:我首先學到的,是在做事之前,必須要先學做人。
人必須要誠信踏實,不能自私自利,而要利他共好。
要隨時心存感恩,尊重、關切別人。要熱愛這個世界,並且要了解到一個人的能力是有限的,而必須要去建立互信、互助的人際關係;要融入群體、要發揮團隊的精神。
在做事方面,一定要以正面積極的態度,認真努力去工作。 而且不要怕失敗,要勇於接受新的挑戰。因為如果有失敗了,那只是代表說你又更靠近成功一步了。要作中學,學中作,要虛心好奇的終身學習,開拓挑戰、追求卓越。
在這裡,我想要送給大家一個很特別的畢業禮物,就是兩個「成功的錦囊」。
第一個錦囊:不管你做什麼工作,不論你職務的高低,永遠都要站在顧客的立場,來為他們設想,還能做什麼,讓他們能夠得到更多的創新價值。
第二個錦囊:無論作什麼工作,不管你職務的高低,永遠都要站在經營者的角度來為公司設想,要做什麼,才能讓公司更健康,永續經營跟發展。
既使你們把我後面講的很多東西都忘記了,沒關係,但是這個畢業禮物你們一定要記得帶回去,因為這些「同理心」的兩個錦囊,在未來會給你們帶來意想不到的祝福!
其次我體會到,名跟利都是副產品。正產品是你成為什麼樣的人,成就什麼樣的事。當正產品是對的時候,名跟利都自然會來。
所以我鼓勵大家在找工作的時候,不要太計較開始的薪水和待遇。因為事實上,一個新人,在前面三年是很難有大的貢獻的,反過來只是公司發薪水來給你培訓而已。所以選擇一個有意義的行業,找一家你可以學習進步的好公司,這才是重要的。
第三,我學習到 知識不等於智慧。諸位都學有專精,有很多寶貴的知識,但這些知識必須要實際去做才能夠產生經驗,而累積的時候會有不同經驗的反省、學習、跟體會,尤其是從那些失敗的經 驗,才能夠漸漸地凝結成有用的智慧。
我的成長過程分成三段,開始我是一個「I」型的人,我擁有一些經營管理的基本的能力。後來因為工作的需要和我的好奇心,我漸漸地學習到技術開發、製造生產、品牌推廣、全球經營、以及行銷、服務等等寶貴的經驗,這樣漸漸地,我就形成一個「T」型的一個跨界的人才。但是到了我真正找到公司未來的使命跟方向,並且把它跟我的人生目標結合在一起,熱情的、積極去推動的時候,那時候我終於成為一個「十字架」型的一個領導者。
當公司發展得比較穩定之後,我就面臨要如何來替公司規劃願景、使命、定位,跟長期策略。在這個階段,我有一些新的體會:首先,你必須要能夠畫出一個「黃金正三角形」,正三角形是最穩定的,上面是戰略,中間是戰術,下面是戰鬥。先要有正確的戰略,才能衍伸出有效的戰術,再根據這個戰術去貫徹戰鬥的執行。換言之,戰略就是做對的事情,戰術就是對的方法,戰鬥就是用對的方法去把事情做對做好,並且不斷地去持續改善。
想要能夠思考出長期的戰略,就必須要有洞察力。
我很喜歡看地球儀,就是那種在一個架子上面,有一個可以轉動的地球模型。當你把地球轉動的時候,你看到上面每一個地方、每一個國家,它的地理位置、它的自然生態,以及你思考它的歷史的演變跟它的發展,這樣子你就能夠得出一個整體的,跟全方位的一個概念。
在思考長期戰略的時候,很不容易得出一個有突破性的一個創見,它的原因往往是因為「當局者迷」的關係。
所以當我考慮長期戰略的時候,我會把自己設想,好像從一個人造衛星上面,來觀看一個轉動的地球。以宇宙格局的高度,以全球視野的廣度,以歷史演進的長度,這樣子你就能夠以一個「旁觀者清」的姿態和角度,來正面、反面深入思考,這樣子你就可能得到一個突破性的一個解答。「世界的捷安特」跟「全球在地化」的品牌經營—這樣子的策略、願景就是這樣產生的。
另外一種洞察力,是如何推出給人們有創新價值的產品跟服務。這就要時時地站在人文跟科技的十字路口,仔細觀察它們的變化,然後活用科技的進步,為人文潛在的需求,適時地提供最佳的解決方案。捷安特的Cycling世界,就是用這種方法,不斷的推出創新價值的產品。
我們在經營上也有發展出一個特別的理念,那就是「不求第一,要作惟一」。全世界的人這麼多,但沒有兩個人的指紋是一樣的, 所以每一個人都是獨一無二、都是惟一的。可見當上帝造每一個人的時候,祂都有衪特別的計劃,而且也把成功所需要的能力跟要素,已經放在你的心中,等待你取用。所以每一個人不應該只是模仿別人,或者是按照別人的期望來生活,而應該要找出並且發揮自己的天賦,真正做自己,成為惟一,才能夠活出精采的生命。
企業也是一樣,不能隨波逐流,必須要找出什麼才是對的,什麼是合適你的,什麼才是有意義、對這個世界有貢獻的,這個才是惟一。當你精益求精,努力的想要成為惟一的時侯,你才能夠找到真正正確的目標,以及永續生存的價值。如果事事都想為第一,那麼你可能去追求很多不切實際的目標,而被你無法承受的巨大壓力所摧毀。或者,因為不擇手段,最後走上一些錯誤的道路。
在長期追求惟一的過程當中,我也得到兩個重要的體會:當你決心做一件對的事情,而且不屈不撓,勇敢堅持奮鬥的時候,全宇宙的力量都會起來幫助你。另外,把一件有意義的事情,用生命的力量把它作好,你就有可能改變這個世界!
我鼓勵你們,聆聽你們內心深處的微小的聲音,讓它引導你們,去尋找到你們的天賦,了解你們的命定。
不求第一,要作惟一。做你真正的自己,成為惟一。活出你精彩的生命,享受你幸福的人生!
很多人說,生長在臺灣的人,一輩子裡面一定要完成三項挑戰:登玉山、泳渡日月潭、還有騎自行車環島。我覺得這非常有道理。所以我建議大家在畢業以後,在去當兵、就業之前,不妨參加一個自行車環島的旅行團,用九天的時間,仔細的去體會、欣賞寶島臺灣的美好,用自行車的輪胎去親吻,這塊生你長你的美麗大地,就當作是送給你自己的一個畢業禮物吧!
那教授們跟家長們,可能會想說,啊!太可惜了,我畢業的時候沒有騎自行車環島,我現在已經五六十歲了。沒關係,你這個年紀正好來從事人生的壯遊。
我們臺大的校長-管校長,在今年的一月份,就勇敢的完成他夢寐以求的自行車環島的壯遊。我們給管爺一個掌聲好不好?
有人認為臺灣很小、沒有前途,真的是這樣嗎?世界經濟論壇每年都要把全世界的國家的實力做一個調查跟排名。讓我們來看一下臺灣的排名。全世界有235個國家,就面積來講,我們排名第137;就人口來講,第57;就經濟體來講,第21;就整體競爭力來講,排名第11;而創新力,臺灣排名第4。沒錯,臺灣的確不大,但是我們很強,我們可以很有前途!
可預見的,未來的世界將會成為美、歐、亞三區鼎力的這個新局面。就像三個圓圈,各自都以自己的利益為優先,並且彼此長期的競爭、對抗和抵制,但是同時又不得不相互的維持一些必要的連結。而在每一個圈裡面,它將持續的有很多劇烈的改變,就像一個暴風圈一樣。而這三個暴風圈連結在一起,就形成一個所謂完全風暴PERFECT STORM。
最近經濟學人雜誌,把臺灣當作封面,稱臺灣為地球上最危險的地方,但同時又是科技業最關鍵的地方。我個人倒認為,未來臺灣可能是處在一個最有利的地位,就在那三個暴風圈中間的那個颱風眼,也就是這三個圈圈彼此連結交會的中心點。這個地方看起來好像危險,其實是最安全、最有利、又是最關鍵的地方。
當三個暴風圈無可避免的,參與在一個長期的競爭、對抗、跟抵制-這樣一個零和的賽局裡面。那臺灣並不屬於任何一個圈圈,也不需要去參與這些競爭、對抗跟抵制。而可以去想說,我可以在這個關鍵的中心點,替這個世界來提供什麼樣子的創新價值的貢獻。
臺灣過去50年的努力累積了很多技術開發、製造管理、金融資本,社會資源,以及民主法治體制,這些稀有而寶貴的實力。而且如果以全世界作為舞台,那麼,能夠精通中文跟英文、能夠深切的了解東方西方的文化;有專業,又能跨界,謙卑而不自卑,自信而不自大的臺灣人,可能是全世界最優秀的人才。
未來無法被預測,但是可以被創造!30年前,有誰能夠預測到說臺灣會產生世界級的台積電跟捷安特?
台積電秉持著作惟一的理念,以全球晶圓代工的戰略,厚植實力,打造了優質高效的供應鏈,把臺灣變成一個科技島。以臺灣為核心,轉動引領全世界的半導體市場。
捷安特也秉持著作惟一的理念,以世界的捷安特,全球在地化的品牌戰略,帶領A-Team把臺灣變成全世界高級車的中心,又積極的推動Cycling的新文化,把臺灣發展成一個自行車島,以臺灣為核心,轉動引領全世界自行車的市場。
在這裡我也期許我們臺大,也能夠以作惟一這樣子的理念,轉動引領世界,變成全世界最優秀人才培養的最佳搖籃。
未來的50年,臺灣將迎來前所未有最大的機運!所以臺灣是不是應該要脫離過去單純競爭的心態,而來積極的謀求長期的未來生存之道,或者更進一步要問自己:臺灣可以為世界貢獻些什麼?臺灣不應該只是消極的「根留臺灣」,而應該更主動積極的「放眼全球、立足亞太、深根臺灣」。
臺灣過去的50年,那是一個非常艱辛跟特別的階段。很慶幸的,臺灣在那個階段裡面,是屬於勝利的這一組。
現在是應該到了必須要了解過去、深入現在、策劃未來,這個重要關鍵的時刻。要如何的以宇宙格局的高度、以全球視野的廣度、以及歷史演進的長度,衡外情,量己力,來為臺灣重新的定位,重新畫一個正確的戰略、戰術、戰鬥的黃金三角形。讓臺灣能夠真正發揮自己的長處,能夠打造創新價值的優勢,成為惟一、做Only One!要能夠創造一個更安全、更廣闊、更興盛-全新的藍海。臺灣必須要成為世界的好公民,繼續的為全世界做更多、更好的貢獻!
2021的畢業生們,在你們當中有未來國家的領導人、有全球企業的創造者、有在社會各行各業、方方面面的核心人才,所以臺灣未來50年的未來,就掌握在你們手中了。
最後,我想用一位著名科學家的名言來作結尾: Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving. 人生就像騎自行車,要保持你平衡最好的方法,就是繼續不斷地向前進。
你知道這是誰的名言嗎? 沒錯,就是愛因斯坦!
2021的畢業生們,請你騎上你人生的自行車,勇敢的向前邁進,去開創你獨一無二、精彩無比的新生命跟未來。再一次,恭喜你們,並且祝福你們每一位,將來都能夠有健康、幸福、精彩跟有意義的人生!
謝謝!
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President Kuan, Executive Vice President Luo, Distinguished guests, family, friends, and most importantly, the graduating class of 2021, good morning!
First of all, congratulations! Today, you are graduating from one of the best universities in the world – National Taiwan University!
Over the last few years, President Kuan led the university forward with his vision of “educational reform” and internationalization”. Together with all the faculty and students, NTU has made significant progress in both ranking and global visibility, making us, alumni, extremely proud.
I think we deserve to give ourselves a round of applause!
You are the graduating class of 2021 and already, you have set a new record for NTU: For the first time, there will not be a traditional graduation ceremony. Let this be a very special memory of your life and a sign of the difference you will make in your future with extraordinary achievements.
The world is now in a volatile state where the East and the West are confronting each other. The world’s economic activities are also greatly affected by the breakthrough and innovations in technology. The less-than-ideal and less-than fair globalization will gradually become global localization. And as a result of COVID-19, Taiwan and the rest of the world’s lifestyle, social structure, and economy have been disrupted, and must be comprehensively reorganized and restructured. This is certainly a crisis, but in the midst of every crisis, lies great opportunity. So, what lies before you are countless opportunities for innovation, and exciting new challenges.
Because, for the first time, Taiwan is standing with the rest of the world on a new race-track. Therefore, I would like to congratulate you, you are entering a new era full of hope.
I graduated from NTU in 1969. It has been more than 50 years and today, I would like to share some of my life experiences and insights.
When I graduated from college, I was filled with ambition. I couldn’t wait to make my mark. I joined one of the largest trading companies in Taiwan, where I quickly realized the only materials I learned in school that came in handy are a little bit of international trade practices and English. Much of what I had learned about business management would only be relevant 10 or 20 years down the road, if I was lucky enough to become a senior executive.
What’s even more ironic is that I graduated with a degree in business, but after working for 2 years, I realize I really don’t like being a businessman, and I don’t like doing business. What I am actually interested in is building an enterprise.
Fortunately, I chose to listen to the faint voice in my heart and decided to enter the bicycle industry. I left my position at the best trading company in Taipei to join a small company with only 38 employees in Dajia to pursue my dream.
At the time, many people thought I must’ve broken my skull and gone crazy, but looking back, I have made a great decision in my life.
The process of starting my own enterprise has been very difficult, but I have learned many valuable lessons. The first thing I learned is that before you can do anything else, you have to learn to be a person of good character.
We must be honest, down to earth, selfless, self-serving, and altruistic for the common good.
Be grateful, respectful and caring at all times. To love the world and to understand that one person’s ability is limited and that is necessary to build interpersonal relationships of mutual trust and support; to be part of a group and to play as a team.
When it comes to work, you must work hard with a positive attitude. And don’t be afraid to fail, be brave enough to accept new challenges. Because every time you fail, it just means you are one step closer to success. Learning is an active process. We learn by doing. We must stay open-minded and curious, aspiring to lifelong learning; to explore challenges and pursue excellence.
Here I would like to give everyone a special graduation gift, which are my two tips for success:
First, always put yourself in the customer’s shoes, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold. Think for them, think about what else you can do to create more value for the customers.
Second, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold, always think about the company from the proprietor’s point of view; what can we do to build a healthier company that’s sustainable.
Even if you are going to forget everything I say later, that’ ok. Just remember to take your graduation gift at heart, because these two tips on “empathy “are sure to bring you unexpected blessings in the future!
Later on, I realized that fame and money are merely byproducts. The real product is you, what kind of person you have become and what have you achieved. When the real product is identified, fame and money will come naturally.
So I encourage you, when you look for a job, don’t be too concerned about the starting salary and benefits. Because as a matter of fact, as a newcomer, it is very difficult to make a big contribution in the first three years, so really the company is paying to give you training instead. So choose a meaningful industry and find a good company where you can improve and grow, that’s what’s important.
Thirdly, I learned that knowledge is not the same as wisdom. All of you have learned a lot and have a lot of valuable knowledge, but this knowledge must be practiced in order to produce experience, and in the process of accumulation, there will be different experiences of reflection, learning and empathy, especially from failure, slowly and surely all these experiences will be condensed into useful wisdom.
My personal development can be divided into three stages. I began as a I-shaped person with some basic skills in business management. Later on, due to my job and curiosity, I gained respected experience in technology development, manufacturing, branding, global marketing, and service and thus gradually becoming a T-shape multidisciplinary professional.
However, when I combined the future mission and direction of the company with my life goals, promoting it enthusiastically and actively, that is when I finally became a X-shape transdisciplinary leader.
Once the company became more stable, I was faced with the challenge of planning the vision, mission, positioning, and long-term strategy for the company. At this stage, I had some new insights.
First, you must be able to draw a “golden triangle”, an equilateral triangle is the most stable shape with strategy on top, tactics in the middle, and operations at the bottom. In other words, the strategy is to do the right thing, the tactics is the using the right methods, and operations is using the right methods to excel on doing the right things while constantly improving them.
To develop long-term strategies, it is necessary to have insight.
I enjoy looking at the globe, yes, the spherical model of Earth that sits on a stand and can be rotated. When you rotate the globe, you can see every place and country on it, its geographical location, its natural ecology, and you can think about its historical evolution and development, so that you can come up with an overall comprehensive concept.
When thinking about long-term strategy, it is not easy to come up with a groundbreaking idea, because “men are often blind in their own cause”
Therefore, when I think about long-term strategy, I imagine myself as if I were looking at a rotating Earth from a man-made satellite. With the height of the universe, the breadth of global vision and the length of historical evolution, you will be able think about it from the perspective of an observer, and then you may have a breakthrough. This is how the strategy and vision of “GIANT for the World” and “glocalization” brand management came about.
Another kind of insight is how to introduce the products and services to create additional value to people. This requires standing at the crossroads of humanity and technology, observing their changes carefully, and then using technological advances to provide the best solutions for the potential needs of humanity in a timely manner. This is how GIANT’s Cycling World continues to introduce innovative values to its products.
We have also developed a special philosophy in our business, which is “don’t be the first one, be the only one”. There are so many people in the world, but no two people share the same fingerprints, making each person unique and one of a kind. God created each person with purpose and has gifted us with the abilities and elements needed for success. All of which is in your heart, waiting for you to take them. Therefore, we should not just follow each other’s footstep or live under the expectations of someone else. Instead, we should find and give reigns to our talents, to truly be ourselves, to become the only one and live a brilliant life.
The same applies to businesses, you can’t just go with the flow, we must find what is right and suitable and what is meaningful and contributive to the world, this is what it means to be the only one. When you strive for excellence and strive to be the only one, you will find the right goals and the value of sustainability. If you try to be first in everything, you may pursue many unrealistic goals and either be destroyed by unbearable pressure or resort to doing whatever it takes, and end up on the wrong path.
I have learned two important lessons in my long quest to be the “only one”. When you are determined to do the right thing and you are unyielding and persistent in your struggle, the power of the universe will rise up and help you. In addition, if you do something meaningful and do it well with the power of life, you may change the world.
I urge you to listen to the small voice deep within you and let it guide you to find your talents and understand your destiny.
Do not seek to be the first but to be the only. Be true to yourself and be the only one. Live your life to the fullest and enjoy your life to the fullest!
Many people say that growing up in Taiwan, you must complete three challenges in your lifetime: climb to the top of Jade Mountain, swim across Sun Moon Lake, and ride a bike around the island. I think this is very true. Therefore, I suggest that after graduation, before you go to the military or get a job, you might as well join a bicycle tour around the island and spend nine days to carefully experience and appreciate the beauty of Taiwan. As a graduation gift to yourself, let the tires kiss the beautiful land where you were born and raised.
All the professors and parents must be thinking in regret, “Ah! Too bad! I didn’t ride my bike around the island when I graduated and now I’m already in my 50s and 60s…” But that’s okay! You are actually at the perfect age to start your adventurous life.
Our President of NTU, President Kuan bravely completed his dream bike tour around the island in January this year. Let’s give President Kuan a round of applause!
Some people think that Taiwan is small and has no future. Every year, the World Economic Forum conducts a survey and ranking of the strength of countries around the world. Let’s take a look at Taiwan’s ranking. There are 235 countries in the world and we rank 137th in terms of landmass, 57th in terms of population, 21st in terms of economy, 11th in terms of overall competitiveness, and 4th in terms of innovation. It’s true that Taiwan is not big, but we are strong and we have a promising future.
In the foreseeable future there will become a new situation in which the United States, Europe and Asia will be the three focal regions. Just like three circles, each of which prioritizes its own interests and is in long-term competition, confrontation and resistance, but at the same time has to maintain some necessary links with each other. And in each circle, drastic changes will be endless, just like a storm circle. These three storm circles are linked together to form a so-called PERFECT STORM.
The Economist magazine recently featured Taiwan on its cover, calling it the most dangerous place on earth, but at the same time the most critical place for the technology industry. Personally, I think that Taiwan may be in the most favorable position in the future, right in the middle of the three storm circles, the eye of the typhoon, which is the center point where these three circles are connected. This place seems dangerous, but in fact it is the safest, most favorable, and most critical place.
When the three storm circles are inevitably involved in a long-term competition, confrontation, and boycott - a zero-sum game. Taiwan does not belong to any of these circles, nor does it need to participate in these competitions, confrontations, and boycotts. Instead, situated in this critical position, I should begin to think about what kind of innovative value I can provide to the world.
Taiwan's efforts over the past 50 years have accumulated many rare and valuable strengths in technology development, manufacturing management, financial capital, social resources, and the democratic rule of law system. If the world is our stage, Taiwanese people who are proficient in Chinese and English, who have a deep understanding of Eastern and Western cultures, who are professional, who can cross borders, who are humble but not inferior, and who are confident but not arrogant, may be the best talents in the world.
The future cannot be predicted, but it can be created! 30 years ago, who could have predicted that Taiwan would produce globally renowned TSMC and GIANT?
TSMC is committed to the concept of being the only one, and has built up its strengths with its global foundry strategy, creating a high-quality and efficient supply chain and turning Taiwan into a technology island. With Taiwan as the core, TSMC is leading the worldwide semiconductor market.
GIANT also upholds the concept of "Be the only one" and leads the A-Team to turn Taiwan into the center of the world's premium bikes with the brand strategy of globalization and localization, and actively promotes the new culture of cycling, developing Taiwan into a cycling island and leading the world's cycling market with Taiwan as the core.
Here I also hope that we, NTU, can also lead the world with the concept of being the only one, and become the best cradle for the cultivation of the best talents in the world.
In the next 50 years, Taiwan will have the greatest opportunity ever! Therefore, Taiwan should get rid of the simple competitive mentality of the past and actively seek the long-term survival of the future, or go even further and ask itself: What can Taiwan contribute to the world? Taiwan should not just "secure Taiwan" in a conservative way, but should be more proactive with global outlook and establish a foothold in the Asia Pacific.
The last 50 years, for Taiwan, has been very difficult and significant. Fortunately, Taiwan pulled through and came out as one of the winners.
Now is the crucial moment to understand the past, delve into the present, and plan for the future. We must take the height of the universe, the breadth of our global vision, and the length of historical evolution, weigh the external situation, and measure our own strengths to reposition Taiwan and draw the golden triangle of strategy, tactics, and operations. Taiwan should be able to give full play to its strengths, create innovative value, and become the only one! Taiwan must become a good citizen of the world and continue to make more and better contributions to the world!
Graduates of 2021, among you are the future leaders of the country, the creators of global enterprises, and the core talents in all walks of life, the future is in your hands.
Finally, I would like to conclude with a quote from a famous scientist: Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.
Do you know who this quote belongs to? That's right, Einstein!
Graduates of 2021, please get ready for your life adventure, get on your bikes and peddle courageously forward to create your own unique and exciting future. Again, congratulations and best wishes to each and every one of you for a healthy, happy, and meaningful life!
Thank you!
詳見:
https://www.facebook.com/NTUCommencement/posts/2718162161807541
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#臺灣大學 #畢業典禮 #NTUCommencement2021 #貴賓致詞 #羅祥安
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譚新強:慶祝聯合國成立75周年 十個改革建議
近月我多次提到今季美中名義GDP將很接近,是一個非常、非常、非常(重要事情講三次)重要的歷史里程碑。美國國會CBO預測第二季度GDP將下跌至前所未見的38%,如成真,或是中國有史以來第一次(最少是鴉片戰爭以來)超越美國。當然,美國經濟逐漸重開,不管多參差,甚至不管死多少人,美國GDP必將有所反彈,但A.C.後的美中差距,必比B.C.前收窄很多。
過去三年,特朗普經常自誇美國經濟規模遠比中國大(缺乏安全感?),且許下諾言,在他任內,誓不會讓中國超越。所有貿易戰、科技戰、意識形態鬥爭,以至其他種種紛爭,都是由此而起,其他所有的滿口仁義道德,對不起,都只是藉口! 但如這情况在今季馬上出現,實在有點好奇,他將如何向人民交代?但有如皇帝的新衣,或許無人願意戳破。
有些人誤會我因中國加速追上美國而高興。非也,非也,事實上我非常憂心。不幸中美已墜進修昔底德陷阱,中國固然不會放棄繼續發展的應有權利,人口是美國的4倍多,每年中國的STEM畢業生約470萬,近美國的8倍。當然平均中國人也不蠢,更非常勤力,所以中國絕不需要擁有征服世界的野心,只要有正常的上進心,已根本無辦法避免在賽道上跟美國碰撞,除非出現嚴重意外,否則超越美國只是時間問題,今次Covid疫情,成為意外的催化劑。但從相反的美國角度來看,當然不可能,亦不會把二戰後從充當世界警察、無數次正義與不正義戰爭,再加上發展出多項最尖端科學和科技,和培養出多家最優秀企業,辛苦經營得來的全球霸主寶座,拱手相讓給中國。
美國二戰後被「黃袍加身」
從歷史上我們輕易能找出不少類似競爭情况,最值得參考的是19世紀末至二戰結束,國際權力變化和轉移。早在約1890年,美國的經濟規模已開始超越英國,甚至整個大英帝國。但當時美國是一個擁有兩個海洋為天然屏障、非常內向、工業剛剛起步、但仍以農業為主的國家。大部分美國人都是為逃避歐洲戰亂、宗教紛爭和饑荒的移民。
到了20世紀初,歐洲戰雲密佈,德國崛起,開始挑戰英國。1914年,神推鬼擁,奧匈帝國王儲Archduke Ferdinand被一個Bosnian Serb暗殺,牽動多國的共同防衛協議,結果整個歐洲被拉進第一次世界大戰。美國總統Wilson是peaceful globalist(和平全球主義者)的始祖,本來極不願參戰,拖了兩年多,才因德國有意支持墨西哥奪回部分美國領土,勉強在1917年4月宣布參與The war to end all wars(歷史性謊話)。
一戰打到1918年中,德方敗象已露,開始求和。Wilson非常雀躍,美國總統首次出國,到巴黎牽頭籌備巴黎和談,並建議成立League of Nations(國際聯盟)。
半年巴黎和談達成5條和約,包括可說是最失敗的凡爾賽條約。戰後的英、法等國欠下美國大量債務,瀕臨破產,所以對德國非常苛刻,企圖榨取巨額賠償。後來德國無力償還,帶來的經濟困境,反成為二戰的導火線。國際聯盟雖是Wilson的主意,但戰後美國再轉內向,結果議案未被參議院通過,國際聯盟變成無牙老虎,對防範第二次大戰完全無效。結果不到20年,幾乎原班人馬又回到殺戮戰場(最重要改變是日本改站德國那邊)。悲哀!
二戰後,世界一片頹垣敗瓦,美國是唯一例外,更擁有核武,即使不想承擔世界一哥責任,但已到了「黃袍加身」地步。美國再次支持聯合國的成立,終堅決加入,首次會議在1945年4月三藩市舉行,完成聯合國憲章起草。洛克菲臘更捐出紐約市地皮,建立聯合國總部。戰後以美國為首的世界秩序自此成形。
重要議題 全人類公投決定
今年是聯合國成立75周年,值得慶祝,但更值得檢討。過去數年,西方的所謂民粹主義急漲,反對全球化,實則是極醜陋的種族主義捲土重來,威脅世界和平。
哈佛生物學家E.O. Wilson的名句發人深省:「人類擁有早石器時代的感情,中世紀的社會體制和機構,和神級科技」,一個足以毁滅人類自己的危險組合。所以聯合國也必須探討改革,與時並進,才可發揮更大維持和平和推進人類發展的作用。我是一個die-hard peaceful globalist(死硬世界和平主義者),在此拋磚引玉,提出十個改革建議,部分較實際,部分較幻想化,但全部認真。
(1)雖然聯合國不是一個世界政府,但可領先探討以先進科技來實行direct democracy(直接民主),避免如美國選舉人制度的扭曲。聯合國秘書長一職實權不大,何不嘗試由全球人類,通過智能手機,直接提名和選舉出來?甚至某些如氣候變化和如何對抗新型病毒等重要議題,以全球公投形式來作決定。更先進一點,可探討模仿Amazon、淘寶和Google,利用AI技術來收集實時全球生活習慣、趨勢和意見,可能比投票更準確反映民意。
(2)安全理事會的重組已討論了多年。中、英、美、法、俄的永久席位和否決權,仍反映二戰後的國際局勢,跟75年後的今天已脫節。最多人建議的是增加4個永久席位,引進德國和日本,兩個二戰戰敗國,現已變為愛好和平的發達國家,再加上印度和巴西,代表發展中國家的重要地位。
這改革仍不夠,應考慮讓聯合國維持小型永久性和平部隊,比每次出現滅族大屠殺,侵略戰爭,才臨時拉夫好,反應快並更有效。更大膽一點,可否考慮把部分國家層面的核武控制權,託管給聯合國。以前我提過有學者建議No First Use(NFU)加上Guaranteed Second Use(GSU)的核武使用原則,非常有創意,但誰來擔當這個大公無私的世界警察任務,是個大難題。假如以色列先對伊朗使用核武,世界會否相信美國真的會以核武對以色列還擊?如果中立機器式決定權在聯合國,阻嚇力會否更大?
設永久性和平部隊
(3)IMF和World Bank雖不隸屬聯合國,但也是二戰後的同期產物。在Bretton Woods會議,Keynes的原意是賦予IMF更多資源,用來拯救面對經濟危機會員國,未必需要償還。但最後代表強大美國的Harry Dexter White大獲全勝,結果IMF變成一個如普通銀行般的借錢機構,條件頗苛刻,且訂明借款國家需準時歸還。我建議回歸初衷,放寬條件,成為一家真正的世界央行。
IMF在1969年推出SDR(Special Drawing Rights),雖只是一個理論貨幣,美元仍是最重要儲備貨幣,但為未來的多極化世界設想,實在有更大力進動SDR發展的需要,定期檢討SDR的組合和權重,更貼近國際經濟情况的變遷。再大膽一點,即使不印SDR現鈔,何不順應潮流,嘗試發行數碼SDR貨幣,與Bitcoin和其他虛擬貨幣,爭一日之長短?
(4)如要擴大IMF資源,聯合國建立長期和平部隊,必須增加可靠收入(會員經常賴帳)。我建議兩個可行辦法。第一是賦予聯合國一點全球徵稅權,譬如全球工作者收入的0.2%。全球GDP有80多萬億美元,即可收稅約1600億美元,大概等同一個中型國家的稅收。另外,從2009年起,IMF已開始發債,現在每年只約300億美元,有擴大需要。我建議亦可讓聯合國直接發行真正的global bond(全球債券),必受歡迎。我知道不容易,歐洲即使在疫情下,都仍未能發出Covid bond(私心太重),但值得考慮。
(5)雖然近日美國不停攻擊世衛,但其實今次疫情,令到大家更感受到新疫症愈來愈頻密的威脅。如世衛有不足之處,正是因為資源嚴重不足,和各國政策缺乏協調。我建議世衛必須升級成為一個世界CDC,建立自己的科研團隊和實驗室,並儲存各種疫苗、藥物和保護設備,隨時供應給有需要地區。除此,世衛亦應加緊對新病毒與氣候和環境變化關係的科學研究(由蚊子傳播的瘧疾,與全球暖化關係已毋庸置疑)。如能找出強力證據,對推動可持續發展政策有很大幫助。
(6)我建議成立一個新的聯合國組織,正式以可持續發展為目標,直接對抗氣候和環境變化,此舉刻不容緩。Covid疫情是給人類的wake-up call,警告不可再過度自私,毁壞地球環境。雖然世界經濟停擺對短期減少碳排放有幫助,但隨着社會重開已在反彈。如要防止地球溫度上升小於攝氏1.5度的臨界點,未來10年,每年平均排放必須減少7%。
(7) 世界政府可以是烏托邦,亦可以是噩夢。毋須急於實現,需要很多先決條件,但值得由聯合國去研究。過去二三百年的政治和經濟理論,資本與社會主義、議會政制,或共產體制,都因多方面科技進步或已變得過時。能源瓶頸已逐漸打開,加上生產力大幅提升,人類基本需求如食物、衣服、運輸,甚至住屋、教育和醫療都有足夠供應。因自動化和AI發展,反而所需人類工人數目和時間減少。其實資本和社會主義的區別已逐漸模糊,今次疫情中,連美國都急派大量金錢,實在已執行MMT和UBI等極端社會主義政策。再根本一點,有了超級電腦,fiat currency(法定代幣)的存在價值都值得研究,更直接的高科技bartering(易貨貿易)是否可行?
本土化實乃醜陋種族主義
(8)近年全球盛行排外的所謂本土化,雖有其背景原因,但其實亦包含醜陋的種族主義。我亦不相信過去人類1萬年的全球化大趨勢,會長久逆轉,最多只是一次短暫休息。長遠來說,人類仍將跟隨人口密度、經濟機會、政治、氣候和環境變化等因素而繼續遷徙。但如要防止更多種族衝突,聯合國應帶頭推動文化交流,語言教育尤其重要。我並非建議重倡Esperanto世界語,但支持全球普及教育英文和中文,和以及更重要的computer literacy(電腦認字)。有點妙想天開,聯合國更可嘗試開發鼓勵異國通婚的App,對長遠世界大同的願景或有很大幫助!
(9)從前我已討論過一些尋找外星人的計劃,最有名的是美國從1970年代已開始的SETI(Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence),但至今仍未有發現,Fermi paradox(費米悖論)仍是個謎。但理論上,外星人存在的概率非常高,可能只是人類仍未投放足夠資源去尋找,假以時日,絕對有機會成功。此任務最適合交給聯合國,既有重要科學意義,又可推動各種太空科技發展。最重要的是,如發現外星人,不論是友是敵,人類都必變得更團結。假如找不到,發現人類非常孤寂,更值得珍惜地球!
(10)如果人類科技真的遠遠走在社會體制前面,有何方法彌補?從前我指出過法律並不正式承認科學的存在,譬如在交通或槍擊案中,科學家只可以專家證人身分作證,法庭無必要一定採納意見。固然科學證據都可有爭議性,但只憑人類經驗和偏見建立出來的法律系統,反而凌駕於永恒的科學定律上,實屬本末倒置。
所以我建議在聯合國憲章中作出修訂,明確把最簡單、最實用和最具代表性的牛頓三大運動定律放進去,將是人類法律史上里程碑!當然象徵意義大於實際,等同美鈔上印有「In God We Trust」。
中環資產持有Amazon及Alibaba的財務權益
中環資產投資行政總裁
[譚新強 中環新譚]
trust in god中文 在 閃亮亮歷史天后 葉施平 Facebook 的精選貼文
好巧 我另一個同學貼了中文版...........
「信耶穌不合科學。」一個哲學教授上課時說。
他頓了一頓,叫了一個新生站起來,說:「某某同學,你是基督徒嗎?」
...Continue Reading
Professor : You are a Christian, aren’t you, son ?
Student : Yes, sir.
Professor: So, you believe in GOD ?
Student : Absolutely, sir.
Professor : Is GOD good ?
Student : Sure.
Professor: Is GOD all powerful ?
Student : Yes.
Professor: My brother died of cancer even though he prayed to GOD to heal him. Most of us would attempt to help others who are ill. But GOD didn’t. How is this GOD good then? Hmm?
(Student was silent.)
Professor: You can’t answer, can you ? Let’s start again, young fella. Is GOD good?
Student : Yes.
Professor: Is satan good ?
Student : No.
Professor: Where does satan come from ?
Student : From … GOD …
Professor: That’s right. Tell me son, is there evil in this world?
Student : Yes.
Professor: Evil is everywhere, isn’t it ? And GOD did make everything. Correct?
Student :Yes
Professor: So who created evil ?
(Student did not answer.)
Professor: Is there sickness? Immorality? Hatred? Ugliness? All these terrible things exist in the world, don’t they?
Student : Yes, sir.
Professor: So, who created them ?
(Student had no answer.)
Professor: Science says you have 5 Senses you use to identify and observe the world around you. Tell me, son, have you ever seen GOD?
Student : No, sir.
Professor: Tell us if you have ever heard your GOD?
Student : No , sir.
Professor: Have you ever felt your GOD, tasted your GOD, smell your GOD? Have you ever had any sensory perception of GOD for that matter?
Student : No, sir. I’m afraid I haven’t.
Professor: Yet you still believe in Him?
Student : Yes.
Professor : According to Empirical, Testable, Demonstrable Protocol, Science says your GOD doesn’t exist. What do you say to that, son?
Student : Nothing. I only have my faith.
Professor: Yes, faith. And that is the problem Science has.
Student : Professor, is there such a thing as heat?
Professor: Yes.
Student : And is there such a thing as cold?
Professor: Yes.
Student : No, sir. There isn’t.
(The lecture theatre became very quiet with this turn of events.)
Student : Sir, you can have lots of heat, even more heat, superheat, mega heat, white heat, a little heat or no heat. But we don’t have anything called cold. We can hit 458 degrees below zero which is no heat, but we can’t go any further after that. There is no such thing as cold. Cold is only a word we use to describe the absence of heat. We cannot measure cold. Heat is energy. Cold is not the opposite of heat, sir, just the absence of it.
(There was pin-drop silence in the lecture theater.)
Student : What about darkness, Professor? Is there such a thing as darkness?
Professor: Yes. What is night if there isn’t darkness?
Student : You’re wrong again, sir. Darkness is the absence of something. You can have low light, normal light, bright light, flashing light. But if you have no light constantly, you have nothing and its called darkness, isn’t it? In reality, darkness isn’t. If it is, were you would be able to make darkness darker, wouldn’t you?
Professor: So what is the point you are making, young man ?
Student : Sir, my point is your philosophical premise is flawed.
Professor: Flawed ? Can you explain how?
Student : Sir, you are working on the premise of duality. You argue there is life and then there is death, a good GOD and a bad GOD. You are viewing the concept of GOD as something finite, something we can measure. Sir, Science can’t even explain a thought. It uses electricity and magnetism, but has never seen, much less fully understood either one. To view death as the opposite of life is to be ignorant of the fact that death cannot exist as a substantive thing.
Death is not the opposite of life: just the absence of it. Now tell me, Professor, do you teach your students that they evolved from a monkey?
Professor: If you are referring to the natural evolutionary process, yes, of course, I do.
Student : Have you ever observed evolution with your own eyes, sir?
(The Professor shook his head with a smile, beginning to realize where the argument was going.)
Student : Since no one has ever observed the process of evolution at work and cannot even prove that this process is an on-going endeavor. Are you not teaching your opinion, sir? Are you not a scientist but a preacher?
(The class was in uproar.)
Student : Is there anyone in the class who has ever seen the Professor’s brain?
(The class broke out into laughter. )
Student : Is there anyone here who has ever heard the Professor’s brain, felt it, touched or smelt it? No one appears to have done so. So, according to the established Rules of Empirical, Stable, Demonstrable Protocol, Science says that you have no brain, sir. With all due respect, sir, how do we then trust your lectures, sir?
(The room was silent. The Professor stared at the student, his face unfathomable.)
Professor: I guess you’ll have to take them on faith, son.
Student : That is it sir … Exactly ! The link between man & GOD is FAITH. That is all that keeps things alive and moving.
P.S.
I believe you have enjoyed the conversation. And if so, you’ll probably want your friends /colleagues to enjoy the same, won’t you?
Forward this to increase their knowledge … or FAITH.
By the way, that student was EINSTEIN
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